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Topic: Apparent power

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Reactive power

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	Glossary of Power Conversion Terms
		A switching power supply in which the energy is transferred from the input to the output during the “on” time of the primary switching device.
		A power supply where there is no external metal chassis; the power supply is provided to the end user essentially as a printed circuit board that provides mechanical support as well as supporting the components and making electrical connections.
		Power conversion modules generally require bypass capacitors from line to chassis (earth ground) to shunt common mode noise currents and keep them local to the converter.
	www.vicorpower.com /glossary (4609 words)

	Electric power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The portion of power flow that, averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform, results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as real power.
		Where the waveforms are purely sinusoidal, the power factor is the cosine of the phase angle (φ) between the current and voltage sinusoid waveforms.
		Power factor equals unity (1) when the voltage and current are in phase, and is zero when the current leads or lags the voltage by 90 degrees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_power (764 words)

	AC power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apparent power is conventionally expressed in volt-amperes (VA) since it is the simple multiple of rms voltage and current.
		The apparent power is the result of a naive calculation of power from the voltage and current in which the rms voltage is simply multiplied by the rms current.
		Apparent power is handy for rough sizing of generators or wiring, especially when the power factor is close to 1.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apparent_power (1289 words)

	POWER AND POWER FACTOR IN AN AC CIRCUIT
		Apparent power is the vector sum of true power,which represents a purely resistive load, and reactive power,which represents a purely reactive load.
		Power factor is the ratio of true power to apparent power in an AC circuit.
		Power factor is the ratio between the KW and the KVA drawn by an electrical load where the KW is the actual load power and the KVA is the apparent load power.
	www.geocities.com /vijayakumar777/powerfactor/powerfactor.html (4198 words)

	True, Reactive, and Apparent power - Chapter 11: POWER FACTOR - Volume II - AC
		Apparent power is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA) and is symbolized by the capital letter S. As a rule, true power is a function of a circuit's dissipative elements, usually resistances (R).
		Reactive power is symbolized by the letter Q and is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps-Reactive (VAR).
		Apparent power is symbolized by the letter S and is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA).
	www.allaboutcircuits.com /vol_2/chpt_11/2.html (575 words)

	Learn more about Power in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The power consumption of a human is on average roughly 100 watts, ranging from 85 W during sleep to 800 W while playing a strenuous sport.
		The average power consumed by a two-terminal electrical device is a function of the root mean square values of the sinusoidal voltage across the terminals and the sinusoidal current passing through the device.
		This can also be called the effective power, as compared to the larger apparent power which is expressed in volt-amperes reactive (VAR) and does not include the term due to the current and voltage being out of phase.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/po/power.html (469 words)

	Test instrument for determining apparent power consumption and ground faults in various portions of a distributed-load, ...
		A test instrument for determining apparent power consumption in various portions of a distributed-load, constant-voltage audio distribution system, as claimed in claim 3, wherein the error signal means comprises a connection to the input of the controlled amplifier having an integrator to increase the sensitivity of voltage level control.
		A test instrument for determining apparent power consumption in various portions of a distributed-load, constant-voltage audio distribution system, as claimed in claim 5, wherein error signal means connection to the audio distribution connection means includes a buffer having a high input impedance to minimize the effect on the signal applied to the circuit under test.
		A test instrument for determining apparent power consumption in various portions of a distributed-load, constant-voltage audio distribution system, as claimed in claim 13, comprising in addition a means for connecting an external oscillator to the controlled amplifier to supply an audio frequency signal and disconnecting the internal oscillator.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4061891.html (4806 words)

	A Primer on Power Factor Correction
		Power factor is the proportion of active power (p) to apparent power (s), as shown in this power triangle.
		Apparent power, on the other hand, is the total energy consumed by a load or delivered by the utility.
		This graph of the release of the power system in per-unit of active power in a facility demonstrates that you get the maximum release in those cases where the existing power factor is low and the target power factor is high, such as near or equal to one.
	ecmweb.com /mag/electric_primer_power_factor/index.html (2586 words)

	B2 Spice v5 Watt Meter
		To this two powers, a third must be added, “apparent power.” Much in the same way as impedance (Z) is the combination of reactance (X) and resistance (R), apparent power is the combination of pure power with VAR.
		Apparent power is measured in VAs (Volt-Amps) and it’s mathematical formula symbol is “S.” Transformers are rated in VAs.
		Apparent - Much in the same way as impedance (Z) is the combination of reactance (X) and resistance (R) apparent power is the combination of pure power (P) with reactive power (VAR).
	www.beigebag.com /wattmeter.htm (769 words)

	Apparent power
		Apparent power: In alternating-current power transmission and distribution, the product of the rms voltage and amperage.
		Note 1: When the applied voltage and the current are in phase with one another, the apparent power is equal to the effective power, i.e., the real power delivered to or consumed by the load.
		Apparent power is properly expressed only in volt-amperes, never watts.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ap/Apparent_power.html (119 words)

	ipedia.com: Power (physics) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The power consumption of a human is on average roughly 100 watts, ranging from 85 W during sleep to 800 W or more while playing a strenuous sport.
		This figure can also be called the effective power, as compared to the larger apparent power which is expressed in volt-amperes reactive (VAR) and does not include the term due to the current and voltage being out of phase.
		The efficient transfer of electrical power is governed by the maximum power theorem, which states that for the transfer of maximum power from a source with a fixed internal resistance to a load, the resistance of the load must be equal to that of the source.
	www.ipedia.com /power__physics_.html (523 words)

	Power Factor Correction Concepts
		This Apparent Power (VA) has two components; one is the Active Power (W) actually being consumed by the lamp for illuminating it, and the other is the Reactive Power (VAr) feeding the electromagnetic circuit of the control gear.
		Power factor is the ratio of Active Power (W) to the Apparent Power (VA) (Figure 1).
		The leading power factor on the first ballast, in conjunction with the lagging power factor of the second ballast, brings the total power factor to near unity.
	www.ambercaps.com /lighting/power_factor_correction_concepts.htm (684 words)

	Power Factor for a Three-Phase Electrical Motor
		Power Factor - PF - as the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current - or the "cosφ".
		Increasing the reactive and apparent power causes the power factor - PF - to decrease.
		Apparent Power is measured in volt-amperes (VA) and is the voltage on an AC system multiplied by all the current that flows in it.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /power-factor-electrical-motor-d_654.html (583 words)

	APPLICATION HANDBOOK FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REAL POWER, APPARENT POWER AND POWER FACTOR by KEPCO, INC.
		Real power is mathematically determined by dividing time into a very large number of small segments and multiplying the instantaneous voltage present in each time segment by the instantaneous current flowing and averaging the results.
		Since power factor represents the ratio of real to apparent power, the high apparent power that yields a low power factor translates into a higher current than the load actually needs to satisfy its real power requirement.
		Power supplies with active power factor correction (PFC) include the Kepco ABC (100W), MST (200W), RCW (350, 750 and 1500W), RKW (50, 100, 150, 300, 600 and 1500W), HSP (1000 and 1500W), BOP High Power (1000 and 2000W) and HSM (1000 and 1500W).
	www.kepcopower.com /hbkpfc.htm (1897 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The portion of power flow averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform that results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as real power.
		Power factor equals 1 when the voltage and current are in phase, and is zero when the current leads or lags the voltage by 90 degrees.
		However, with the development of three phase power distribution, it became clear that the definition of apparent power and the power factor could not be applied to unbalanced polyphase systems.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=apparent_power (1459 words)

	Lessons In Electric Circuits -- Volume II (AC) - Chapter 11
		Apparent power is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA) and is symbolized by the capital letter S. As a rule, true power is a function of a circuit's dissipative elements, usually resistances (R).
		Apparent power is symbolized by the letter S and is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA).
		Power factor can be an important aspect to consider in an AC circuit, because any power factor less than 1 means that the circuit's wiring has to carry more current than what would be necessary with zero reactance in the circuit to deliver the same amount of (true) power to the resistive load.
	www.ibiblio.org /obp/electricCircuits/AC/AC_11.html (3514 words)

	Refrigeration Engineers of the World with a Free Forum and massive Jobs bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Apparent power is the power indicated by the readings on the volt-ammeter.
		Apparent power is like the beer with the head-it appears to be full.
		If the power factor is less than 100%, the volts and amps are out of phase and some power is not being used.
	www.refrigeration-engineer.com /article_writers/powerfactor.htm (809 words)

	Rochester Public Utilities
		The angle of the horse's pull can be related to power factor, which is defined as the ratio of real (working) power to apparent (total) power.
		Low power factor is caused by inductive loads such as transformers, electric motors and high intensity discharge lighting.
		The increase in reactive and apparent power is reflected by the amplification of the angle between the two, causing the power factor to decrease.
	www.rpu.org /your_business/faq (894 words)

	math lessons - Apparent power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In Electrical engineering, Apparent power is used to describe the power load as seen by a generating source.
		It is the vector sum of the real power, which represents energy transferred from the source to the load, and reactive power, which represents energy that circulates between the source and the inductive and capacitive energy storage elements of the load.
		Apparent power is expressed in units of volt-amperes (VA), not watts.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Apparent_power (278 words)

	Power Factor power quality
		Power factor is an indicator of the health or efficiency of your power distribution system.
		Apparent power is basically a single value that represents the total power required by a system.
		When harmonics are present, the power from the harmonics are usually added to the 60 Hz vector sum to compute apparent power.
	www.energyconsultants.org /power_factor.htm (557 words)

	Work, Power and Apparent Power
		Apparent Power (VA) = V (V) * I (A) Apparent power represents the voltage and current being sent to the device, and is used to measure draw from the utility, for determining heat generation by equipment under use, and for sizing wires and circuit breakers.
		UPSes are normally specified in terms of apparent power (VA), whereas PC power supplies are specified in terms of true power (W).
		Now that you understand the difference between the two, and you know what a power factor is, you are light years ahead of 95% of the population when it comes to figuring out how to purchase a properly-sized UPS or similar device.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/power/ext/basicsPower-c.html (1115 words)

	Measure Apparent Power with a Digital Multimeter - Tutorial - NI Developer Zone - National Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The power dissipation in a purely resistive circuit is always a function of the voltage drop and current draw through the circuit.
		Apparent power is the measure of a circuit’s impedance (Z) and is represented by an S, which has a unit measure of Volt-Amps (VA).
		Apparent power is the combination of reactive power and real power, without reference to a phase angle.
	zone.ni.com /devzone\conceptd.nsf/webmain/72942BAA61B9F7B986256CCA007D8957 (378 words)

	Power Management in the Studio
		AC power is the main source of your income, and also the primary cause of all the hums and buzzes you must deal with on a day-to-day basis.
		Apparent power can also be larger than active power when non-linear loads are present.
		Using the definition for total power factor, the kW is essentially that of the fundamental only, while the kVA is made larger because of the higher RMS current.
	www.equitech.com /articles/power.html (2476 words)

	Calculating Apparent Power in AC Circuits.
		Apparent power is the power that appears to the source because of the circuit impedance.
		Since the impedance is the total opposition to ac, the apparent power is that power the voltage source "sees." Apparent power is the combination of true power and reactive power.
		Apparent power is not found by simply adding true power and reactive power just as impedance is not found by adding resistance and reactance.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book2/4i.htm (160 words)

	Commonwealth Sprague Power Factor Correction Q&A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Power factor measures how effectively electrical power is being used.
		A high power factor means that electrical power is being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power.
		As a numerical example, if you had a paper mill that was operating at 100 KW (Working Power) and the Apparent Power consumed was 125 KVA, you would divide 100 by 125 and come up with a power factor of 80%.
	www.comsprague.com /power2.htm (459 words)

	True Power and Apparent Power Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The results of this activity will verify that the power in an inductive circuit is not equal to current multiplied by voltage.
		Using the measured current and voltage, calculate and record the apparent power of the heater.
		Compare the apparent power and the true power for this resistive load.
	www.sal.ksu.edu /faculty/fmisoc/True%20Power%20and%20Apparent%20Power%20Lab.htm (475 words)

	PFC decoded
		Power factor correction (PFC) is, essentially, what you do to complex AC loads (such as PC switchmode power supplies) to make them act more like simple loads (such as toasters).
		Power equals VA times power factor, and power factor is the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current.
		It sucks power from the mains in a resistive way, and feeds it to the low power factor circuit on the other side, isolating the mains from whatever that circuit is doing.
	www.dansdata.com /gz028.htm (1678 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions - DENT Instruments
		Displacement power factor is the ratio of the fundamental (60 Hz) real power to apparent power.
		Apparent power factor is a ratio of total real power (including harmonic component) to apparent power.
		However, as with the power factor the sum of the watts in a delta should be positive.
	www.dentinstruments.com /Sales&TechnicalFAQs.htm (2155 words)

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