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Topic: Appendages

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	Introduction to Arthropods
		The third pair of appendages of crustaceans is the mandibles.
		Appendages may be modified for internal fertilization, carrying eggs, spearing prey, burrowing, or many other functions.
		The appendages on a crayfish's thorax and abdomen are adapted for several different functions.
	home.cfl.rr.com /detskt/andrew/sectionthree.html (358 words)

	Crustaceamorpha
		Crustacean appendages have adapted to function in sensing their environment, defending against predators, swimming, walking, grasping, transferring sperm, generating water movement, and in gas exchange.
		Appendages with all of these outgrowths are called phyllopodus appendages and are found in several of the more ancient or primitive crustacean groups such as the Phyllocarida, Branchiopoda, and Cephalocarida.
		In this table we summarize the names given to appendages of different functions, the sequence in which they generally appear on the body, and the region of the body they are found.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /arthropoda/crustacea/appendages.html (358 words)

	Crayfish Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The appendages of the anterior three thoracic segments are maxillipeds, are part of the cephalothorax, and function as auxiliary mouthparts.
		The appendages of the posterior five thoracic segments (pereonites) are pereopods and function as walking legs or pincers.
		Most appendages have more than one gill and they may be attached to the pleuron, coxa, or the articulating membrane between the pleurite and coxa.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/300crayfishLab.html (4010 words)

	Search Results for appendage - Encyclopædia Britannica
		There is great diversity among the appendages of the Crustacea, but it is thought that all the different types can be derived either from the multibranched (multiramous) limb of the class...
		Among the notable changes that have taken place during the course of evolution is the development in vertebrates of a variety of glands, pigmentary structures, scales, claws, nails, horns, feathers,...
		Appendages are usually absent except in caterpillars, which use up to five pairs of abdominal...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=appendage&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (376 words)

	Odd Pods, Tanaids in Reef Aquaria by Ronald L. Shimek, Ph.D. - Reefkeeping.com
		Each segment has a pair of appendages, which may or may not be like those appendages on the segment in front or in back of it.
		Arising from under the carapace, are a pair of pincher-bearing appendages, and in some individuals of most populations these pinchers are positively enormous, compared to the size of the animal, often being more than half the animals total body length.
		These latter appendages serve to ventilate the animal's tube, and in aquaria they move a relatively large volume of water into the sediment, particularly if the population of tanaids is relatively dense.
	www.reefkeeping.com /issues/2002-02/rs/index.php (2625 words)

	New Spectral Caste: Appendages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some Appendages look so dangerously close to human that they make a perfect front, while others {usually consumed spectres of another caste} are so hideous that they make the perfect "shock trooper" defense for the slumbering Malfean they sprout from.
		Appendages highly prefer Talents: Alertness, Athletics, Awareness, Brawl, Dodge, Intimidation, and Subterfuge are all useful for luring in prey or fending off attackers.
		Since Appendages are linked to their Malfean progenitors by a fleshy umbilical cord, wraiths might naturally wonder what would happen if an Appendage was literally cut off from its Malfean {or dragged so far away that the cord snapped or tore itself}.
	www.cattail.nu /wraithproject/0409casteappendages.html (963 words)

	Arthropods
		The numbers of these appendages are progressively reduced in the more advanced members of the phylum, and their nature differs greatly in different sub-groups.
		Some appendages, such as the wings of certain insects, are not homologous to the other appendages; insect wings evolved separately.
		Typically, paired appendages around the mouth are used for collecting and handling food and are usually specialized in accordance with the particular diet of the animal.
	www.rvt.com /~lucas/school/arthro.html (2431 words)

	:: International Braz J Urol ::
		Results: In patients with cryptorchidism we found testicular appendages in 23 cases (41.8%), epididymal appendages in 9 (16.3%), testicular and epididymal appendage in 8 (14.5%), 2 epididymal appendages and 1 testicular in 1 (1.8%) and absence of appendages in 14 (25.4%).
		In patients with cryptorchidism we found testicular appendages in 23 cases (41.8%), epididymal appendage in 9 (16.3%), testicular and epididymal appendage in 8 (14.5%), 2 epididymal appendages and 1 testicular in 1 (1.8%), and absence of appendages in 14 (25.4%) cases.
		The knowledge of the presence, shape and location of the testicular and epididymal appendages is important, due to the possibility of torsion of such structures, association with anatomical anomalies, and the possibility of occurrence of tumors in theses structures (2,5,12).
	www.brazjurol.com.br /january_february_2004/favorito_3_ing_49_52.htm (1093 words)

	rough draft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some of the people of the Nacirema culture are embarrassed by their appendages and rarely show them in public, with the exception of hot days.
		The balancers of the traveling appendages are neatly painted with a rich ruby color that has a horrid stench and burns the nose.
		Magically, the finished traveling appendages gleam with a glow from heaven, are soft to the touch, and said to be worth the wait.
	www.msu.edu /~ander875/roughdraft.htm (480 words)

	Anoplodactylus Laboratory Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The body is divided into an anterior cephalothorax with six pairs of appendages and a posterior abdomen which, in most groups, does not bear appendages or has highly modified appendages.
		Appendages are primitively biramous but are uniramous in almost all Recent taxa.
		The first pair of appendages is a pair of pincer-like chelicerae and the second pair is the sensory pedipalps.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/310anoplodLab.html (1771 words)

	Natural History Magazine \| Feature
		If one of the appendages detects anything of potential interest (often an unfortunate earthworm or other invertebrate), the mole moves its nose slightly to bring the lowermost central pair into contact with the object.
		Moreover, similar genes are expressed during the early development of appendages in animals as different as humans, fish, birds, and insects.
		At this point, the appendages become separate cylinders, though they are still attached to the face by this new skin.
	www.naturalhistorymag.com /features/0600_feature2.html (1831 words)

	[No title]
		Appendages of the perianth often large and brightly colored.
		These appendages may also have structures that produced fragrance or structures that produce oils or sugars that serve as rewards to visiting pollinators.
		Appendages that compose perianth, androecium, and gynoecium may be positioned helically along strobilus axis.
	www.d.umn.edu /biology/courses/bio3601/outlineapril13.htm (1490 words)

	Surgical drapes for covering appendages - Patent 5413118
		A drape for covering an appendage of a patient, comprising: a top sheet having a top sheet edge, an upper surface and an under surface, said surfaces of said sheet forming a first plane which is generally horizontal when said under surface of said sheet is in proximity with the appendage of the patient; and
		When the drape is used to cover an appendage, the appendage is tucked into the inside of the envelope.
		It is yet another object of the invention to provide a draping system for covering an appendage of a patient which does not require the drape to be substantially longer than the appendage to be covered.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5413118.html (2851 words)

	Raptorial appendages
		The earliest stomatopods with raptorial appendages (“raps”) were “spearers,” with sharp barbs on their raps used to impale fish, shrimp, or other soft-bodied prey.
		The rap of a "spearer" with sharp barbs.
		Shortly thereafter, some groups of stomatopods developed into “smashers,” with an inflated, calcified “heel” on their raptorial appendage.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /aquarius/raps.html (253 words)

	Improving Suspension Bridge Wind Stability with Aerodynamic Appendages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The influence of aerodynamic appendages on the wind stability of box-girder suspension bridges is examined, with special reference to the stability of bridges with very long spans (above 2,000 m).
		Aerodynamic appendages are winglets eccentrically positioned and running parallel to the bridge axis; winglets can be either fixed to the deck (stationary) or actively controlled.
		Concerning stationary aerodynamic appendages, it is seen that the most promising solution is to locate a winglet only in the leeward position, a possibility originally proposed by the writers.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9904613 (194 words)

	TORSION OF ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES PRESENTING
		Background: Diseases of the abdominal appendages are rare causes of abdominal pain in all age groups.
		Four patients had torsion and infarction of an epiploic appendage; two in the cecum, one in the sigmoid colon, and one in the transverse colon.
		Diseases of the abdominal appendages, usually mimicking acute appendicitis, are rare causes of acute abdominal pain in all age groups.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/203_204/00-010R.htm (1859 words)

	The development of a biological novelty: a different way to make appendages as revealed in the snout of the star-nosed ...
		The development of a biological novelty: a different way to make appendages as revealed in the snout of the star-nosed mole Condylura cristata -- Catania et al.
		During development, the nasal appendages of the mole begin as a
		appendage is derived from caudal embryonic facial tissue, while the caudal
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/202/20/2719 (323 words)

	American Zoologist: expression of beta (B) keratins in the epidermal appendages of reptiles and birds, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The integuments of extant vertebrates display a variety of epidermal appendages whose patterns, morphology and terminal differentiation (epidermal keratins) depend upon interactions between ectodermal (epidermis) and mesodermal (dermis) tissues.
		The epidermal appendages of reptiles and birds are characterized by the presence of both alpha (alpha) and beta (beta) type keratin proteins.
		The occurrence of beta keratin proteins in the scales and claws of both birds and reptiles and their immunological cross-reactivity suggest that the genes for reptilian beta keratins may be homologous with those of birds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200009/ai_n8921580 (1445 words)

	Aquarium Possums - Mysids in the Aquarium by Ronald L. Shimek, Ph.D. - Reefkeeping.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the primitive forms, their appendages consist of two branches, and they have a particular larva called a "nauplius." There are a lot of crustaceans, but mysids share characters with crabs and other shrimp-like animals, which means they are classified in the CLASS MALACOSTRACA.
		All malacostracans are considered to have eight pairs of thoracic appendages, although in some of the malacostracan lineages, the front thoracic appendages have been incorporated into the head region.
		Their thoracic appendages are not really well adapted for walking, instead they are designed rather for touch-and-go swimming.
	www.reefkeeping.com /issues/2004-02/rs (1978 words)

	Exploring News & Features - Scientist studies bizarre mammals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The region connected to each of the appendages is clearly marked on the mole's cortex, which makes it very easy to study, Catania says.
		When one detects something of potential interest, such as an unfortunate earthworm, then the mole moves its nose quickly to bring one of the central rays into contact, giving it a superior tactile image of the object so it can determine whether it is something good to eat.
		Largely because they get their major growth earlier in development than do the peripheral appendages, the central rays establish a larger number of nerve connections and interconnect with a larger area of the cortex than its fellow appendages, he reports.
	exploration.vanderbilt.edu /news/news_mammals.htm (1421 words)

	Crayfish dissection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Of the eight pairs of appendages on the cephalothorax, the first three are maxillipeds, which hold food during eating.
		Now locate the two pairs of maxillae, which are the last appendages in the cephalic region.
		Which appendages in the cephalic region are related to the eating of food?
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/crayfish_dissection.htm (1518 words)

	Immunohistochemical demonstration of MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens in normal human skin appendages and their tumors. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Immunohistochemical demonstration of MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens in normal human skin appendages and their tumors.A foamy reaction pattern for MAM-6 was noted in mature sebocytes.
		The expression of MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens was immunohistochemically investigated on 110 tumors of human skin appendages.
		Conclusions from these immunohistochemical studies with regard to the histogenesis mainly of the malignant skin appendage tumors should be drawn with caution.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5773637.html (265 words)

	A Look Down Under with John Swarbrick
		With the recent talk about various new hull appendages, most of it surrounding the new TNZ yacht, John was kind enough to take some time to help explain what is and isn't going on.
		In order that the appendage does not touch the canoe body, the amount of clearance will be have to be met by mechanical engineering that best maximizes hydrodynamic flow, similarly the appendage geometry may have to be designed to concede to hydrodynamic forces, so as to not infringe rules.
		Consideration of appendage due to its close proximity to the canoe body will be more akin to total hull hydrostatic calculations and hydrodynamic outcome.
	www.sailinganarchy.com /general/2002/alookdownunder.htm (963 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Congenital cystic eye with multiple dermal appendages: a case report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Multiple dermal appendages were present in the adjacent part of the face below the left orbit and on the upper part of the neck.
		Pasquale and coworkers [7] presented a case of congenital cystic eye that was associated with multiple periocular dermal appendages that were present at the lateral aspect of the left upper eyelid.
		However, the appendages were more numerous and were present on the face and upper part of the neck.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2415/3/7 (1899 words)

	Interactions of the Tribolium Sex combs reduced and proboscipedia Orthologs in Embryonic Labial Development -- ...
		Morphology of the gnathal appendages in wild-type and mutant Tribolium larvae:
		The proximal segments of the labial appendages (li) are fused at the ventral midline.
		Thus, mxp and Cx are coexpressed in the labial appendages.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/159/4/1643 (3204 words)

	Localization of DNA in Ultrascopic Nuclear Appendages of Polymorphonuclear White Blood Cells from Patients with Low ...
		Mean number of colloid labels per appendage from cells that were treated with DNases I and II before DNA labeling compared to mean number of colloid labels per appendage from cells that had not been treated with DNase.
		The isolation of DNA from the nucleus by submicroscopic appendages
		Hochstenbach PFR, Scheres JMJC, Hustinx TWJ, Wieringa B (1986) Demonstration of X chromatin in drumstick-like nuclear appendages of leukocytes by in situ hybridization on blood smears.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/50/10/1381 (3034 words)

	Cell-Contact-Stimulated Formation of Filamentous Appendages by Salmonella typhimurium Does Not Depend on the Type III ...
		appearance of filamentous appendages on the surfaces of the bacteria.
		Isolated bacteria (arrowheads in panel A) were largely proficient in the formation of these short filamentous appendages.
		appendages, which were not identified in these experiments.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/5/2007 (5693 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		(ə-pen”də-ji´tis) inflammation of an appendage, particularly of the epiploic appendages.
		inflammation of one or more of the epiploic appendages of the colon, characterized by pain and tenderness over the affected area.
		appen´dices vesiculo´sae epoo´phori [TA] vesicular appendages of epoophoron: small pedunculated structures attached to the uterine tubes near their fimbriated end, being remnants of the mesonephric ducts; called also hydatids of Morgagni, Morgagni's appendices, and morgagnian cyst.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_54zPzhtm (1890 words)

	Genera of Erysiphales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Note that it has appendages that are curled at the end, like those of Uncinula, but thet the base of each appendage is bulbous.
		There is a second, shorter, kind of appendage, and the asci contain 8 ascospores.
		Note again that there are two kinds of appendage - there are short, straight, setose appendages as well as the fancy sinuate and branched ones that catch the eye.
	www.mycolog.com /genera_of_erysiphales.htm (177 words)

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