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Topic: Apple Advanced Typography

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	About Apple Advanced Typography Fonts
		Apple's text imaging technology, Apple Advanced Typography (AAT), enables applications to provide users with fonts having special typographical effects, such as cursive connection, ornateness, and complex ligatures.
		AAT uses the font tables to interpret the font style information, choose the closest matching font, and algorithmically style the text to fulfill the style request.
		AAT style variations are a mechanism through which you can build high quality styles into the typeface itself.
	developer.apple.com /fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6AATIntro.html (5331 words)

	Apple typography - WikiMac - a Wikia wiki
		Apple changed the name of their licenced version of the typeface when they had the format of the fonts converted to TrueType for their internal use.
		TrueType is an outline font standard developed by Apple in the late 1980s, and later licenced to Microsoft, as a competitor to Adobe's Type 1 fonts used in PostScript, which had come to dominate the field of desktop publishing.
		Apple Advanced Typography (AAT) is a set of extensions to TrueType which cover much of the same ground as OpenType, developed independently but concurrently with the Adobe/Microsoft format (circa 1995), and is the successor to the little used QuickDraw GX font technology.
	mac.wikia.com /wiki/Apple_typography (4575 words)

	Text and Typography: Serifs and Dashes
		Typography is the art of choosing and arranging the styles of the type in order to create a readable and attractive display.
		Bad typography has always been with us, particularly in advertising copy due to advertisers' and designers' total disregard for semantics, and it has caused massive confusion, but it's been spreading from an unholy source.
		Advanced typography Typography is truly an art, something that designer and typographers have labored over for centuries.
	www.lowendmac.com /designer/10.html (2339 words)

	InfoDesign: Understanding by Design - News \| Typography
		"Typography is the craft of endowing human language with a durable visual form, and thus with an independent existence.
		Typography and the Aging Eye: Typeface Legibility for Older Viewers with Vision Problems
		With repsonsibility for the functionality and output of the great majority of type-generating devices, it is no surprise that they should have that, but it is not a fact that is celebrated or much investigated.
	www.informationdesign.org /archives/cat_typography.php (1050 words)

	Apple font foundry : MyFonts
		Over the next few years the advanced layout system GX (with advanced typographic layout, character substitution and font morphing capabilities) was developed, launching in 1994.
		Apple Fonts Group commissions fonts to exploit its new technologies: TrueType versions of Helvetica and Times Roman with excellent low-resolution characteristics accompanied TrueType’s launch; Skia showed off GX’s font morphing, and Hoefler Text made use of its automatic character substitution.
		Apple also produces and distributes system fonts for Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Arabic, Hebrew, Cyrillic, Indic and Greek scripts, as well as variation encodings of the Roman fonts for Icelandic, Romanian, Turkish, Croatian and the Central European (Slavic) languages.
	www.myfonts.com /foundry/apple (353 words)

	Keynote has limited AAT support \| Typographica
		When announcing the much-fanfared Keynote, Apple neglected to mention that this is their first software package with support for some (regrettably not all) Apple Advanced Typography features.
		AAT has actually been in widespread use among Apple’s non-Latin-script customers for a while now; the only thing new here is a renewed effort by Apple to leverage AAT’s benefits for Latin script fonta in their own apps.
		Apple still provides tools for creating Variation fonts on their font developer site, and the means to build apps which exploit such fonts has been included with the free Developer Tools CD which has been shipping with OS X since its first release.
	typographi.com /000547.php (1282 words)

	Phonetic Fonts and Phonetic Data Encoding
		Apple Computer's AAT (Apple Advanced Typography, formerly TrueType GX) is an extension to the TrueType font format and is presently available only on the Mac OS.
		Apple is also considering the possibility of providing support for OpenType at the system level in future versions of the Mac OS.
		In particular, it is like AAT, and different from OpenType, in that complete knowledge of script behaviour is encapsulated in the font; it is not necessary for application developers to hard-wire knowledge of these behaviours into their software.
	www.ldc.upenn.edu /exploration/expl2000/papers/constable/constable.htm (3951 words)

	creativepro.com - Apple Mac OS 9
		Those of you who haven't been following the ongoing Apple OS saga closely (and some of you who have) may be a bit confused by the company's offerings in the past year.
		Code-named "Rhapsody," this technology was to form the foundation of OS X, a fully object-oriented operating system that would at long last deliver the true multi-tasking, multi-processing, multi-user and protected memory features that Macintosh users have demanded for years.
		Apple optimistically planned for the OS X release in fall of 1999.
	www.creativepro.com /story/review/3639.html (1110 words)

	Seventeenth International Unicode Conference
		Adobe Systems and Morisawa began work on the Adobe-Japan1-4 character collection in early 1996, and was completed in early 2000 with the cooperation of companies such as Apple Computer and Fontworks.
		Apple, working with Dainippon Screen, has developed several Adobe-Japan1-4 OpenType fonts for Mac OS X. Statement of Purpose:
		Attendees will become familiar with the structure and intent of the Adobe-Japan1-4 character collection, along with advanced typographic features and system-level support in Mac OS X. Participants will be able to draw on the experiences from both Adobe Systems and Apple Computer, in order to significantly simplify their own development efforts.
	www.unicode.org /iuc/iuc17/a331.html (256 words)

	Advanced Typography tables
		The most common use of this is for kerning where the advance width of the first glyph is altered depending on which glyph follows it.
		AAT does not have the concept of a backtrack list, this means that substitutions may occur in a different order.
		Since Apple's glyph substitutions can delete glyphs a contextual glyph substitution table can create two character ligatures (one glyph is converted to the ligature and the other is deleted), while OpenType tables must use a ligature substitution to do this.
	fontforge.sourceforge.net /gposgsub.html (3454 words)

	Advanced Typography tables
		The most common use of this is for kerning where the advance width of the first character is altered depending on which character follows it.
		It will be converted back to a feature/setting when an apple font is generated (use File->Preferences to extend PfaEdit's mapping from feature type/setting to opentype tags).
		Since Apple's glyph substitutions can delete glyphs a contextual glyph substitution table can create two character ligatures (one glyph is converted to the ligature and the other is deleted), while OpenType tables can must use a ligature substitution to do this.
	pfaedit.sourceforge.net /gposgsub.html (3355 words)

	Rendering technologies overview
		Apple, on the other hand, implements multiple cmaps for itself, each one mapping from a particular 8-bit encoding (e.g., MacRoman, MacArabic) to the glyph palette5.
		Apple, which is now on their third generation of such technology, all of which have always had the needed extensibility, does not have the market share and thus application support is lagging.
		AAT), is the successor to the Quickdraw GX font technology.
	scripts.sil.org /cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=IWS-Chapter07 (3719 words)

	Character design standards - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Advance width : A glyph's horizontal distance including the white space on either side.
		In the latest font file technologies (OpenType and AAT) there can be several glyphs that are a lowercase 'a' in a font file.
		Sidebearing : The distance from the leftmost portion of a glyph and its origin or the rightmost portion and the end of the glyph's advance width, which is the total space occupied by the glyph itself and its two sidebearings.
	www.microsoft.com /typography/developers/fdsspec/glossary.htm (1480 words)

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : A
		anti-aliasing or antialiasing In electronic communication and typography, the term refers to the adding of additional images or parts of images so as to decoy the eye into seeing something that cannot be represented digitally.
		Apple Language Kit A software package which is installed under Macintosh System 7.x to enable the use of a non-Roman (non-Latin) script.
		Apple Type Services or ATS The font management interface on newer Macintosh operating systems.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/a.htm (4052 words)

	Digital Typography Courses: Online Type Design Dourses and Font Design Courses from Online School of Design.
		This course explores movements in digital typography design that begin in the 1980s, when a technical revolution created the basis for new expression in the typographic language.
		What happened was this — the Apple Macintosh computer saw the light of day.
		Typography Grows Up The type industry got turned upside down because it was now possible for every graphic designer to become her own type-designer and distributor.
	dev.sessions.edu /cobrand/syllabus/DigitalTypography.html (574 words)

	Latest Features of Apple Computer
		Apple: Macintosh, based on the Alchemy architecture, features a 250 MHz PowerPC 603e processor, an ATI 3D RAGE II graphics accelerator, Video input, a TV/FM radio card, a side-mounted CD-ROM drive, a custom Bose speaker system complete with subwoofer, and a unique keyboard with an integrated Italian leather palm rest.
		Typography and logography of Apple Computer covers Apple Computer’s history of typeface and logo design in marketing, operating systems, and industrial design.
		Buying from Apple direct means you will be assisted and supported at every step of the purchase process, from product selection, to delivery and after sales assistance.
	www.articletrader.com /computers/latest-features-of-apple-computer.html (442 words)

	About al-Nashir al-Sahafi Dibaj
		This is because with AAT (Apple Advanced Typography) fonts are no longer just a collection of points which describe a character outline.
		Think of an AAT font as a "smart font": a font that is programmed with intelligence and which creates good typography on the fly.
		Moving typography and graphics between al-Nashir al-Sahafi Dibaj documents is as simple as dragging and dropping.
	www.diwan.com /english/pages/inside/products/dibaj.htm (593 words)

	Arabic Script Unicode Fonts
		A selection of characters from the General Punctuation block, such as various-sized spaces, are also supported; a utility such as SIL ViewGlyph can be used to examine the exact repertoire of each font.
		Because of limitations of the AAT technology, diacritic positioning with the AAT-enabled fonts may be less accurate than the OpenType versions, and stacking of multiple diacritics is not well supported (except for a few commonly-used combinations).
		AAT fonts do not have the same model of “language systems” as OpenType, but the same glyph variants are accessible through “font features” that can be accessed via the Typography palette in many OS X applications (available from the “gear” icon in the Font panel, when this panel is large enough).
	scripts.sil.org /ArabicFonts (1196 words)

	TrueType GX
		TrueType GX fonts contain advanced tables exploiting the typographic power of of QuickDraw GX, Apple's advanced model for printing, typography and graphics.
		Apple have made available a suite of tools for editing GX fonts (and normal TrueType fonts) - for free.
		Kenneth Trueman runs the fan club, which includes sections on GX Typography, currently available GX fonts, a GX-ready application list and a useful developer's corner.
	www.truetype-typography.com /ttgx.htm (400 words)

	typography - OneLook Dictionary Search
		typography : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Typography : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include typography: apple typography, history of typography in east asia, roy cole typography, yiddish orthography and typography, yiddish typography
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=typography (260 words)

	Daring Fireball: Tiger Details (Site not responding. Last check: )
		AAT stands for Apple Advanced Typography, and several of these fonts ship with Mac OS X, including Hoefler Text, Didot, and Zapfino.
		Apple doesn’t support as many OpenType features as Adobe’s own applications (which render text using their own cross-platform code), but it’s a terrific start.
		After 20 years, Apple is finally taking maximum advantage of Fitts’s Law with regard to the Apple menu.
	daringfireball.net /misc/2005/04/tiger_details (7063 words)

	Open Type
		From the page design and typographical viewpoint, the advanced typographical features that are part of OpenType will be of great importance, bringing a level of 'intelligence' to fonts that will mean the end of 'Expert Sets' and other font variants.
		Advanced Typography features will mean that a font could contain a dozen different designs of the ampersand 'and' (for example).
		Secondly, the application needs to understand the advanced typography feature tables built into the OpenType fonts and implement the required repositioning and substitution of glyphs.
	www.faces.co.uk /type_talk/open_type.cfm (1681 words)

	Biblical Language Fonts and Unicode
		Apple computer has a different font technology known as Apple Advanced Typography (AAT), which has been part of the Mac OS since OS 8.6.
		For AAT and Graphite, the fonts will not work at all unless applications have been specifically written to support those technologies.
		This will be of particular concern to Mac users, since AAT is the main solution on that platform but hardly any applications exist so far that support it.
	faculty.bbc.edu /rdecker/unicode2.htm (4424 words)

	\| TrueType \| Typophile (Site not responding. Last check: )
		TrueType is a digital type technology originaly developed by Sampo Kaasila of Apple Computer, whose remit was to create a custom technology so as to avoid paying royalty fees to use font technologies developed by other parties, as well as to solve some technical limitations of Adobe’s PostScript based Type 1 font format.
		A few years later the format was extended to support Unicode and more complex linguistic and typographic behaviours such as automatic ligature substitution and Indic vowel rearrangement.
		However the new extensions, called AAT (Apple Advanced Typography), were not licensed to Microsoft, who then set about creating their own extensions to TrueType (along with Adobe), which they called OpenType.
	typophile.com /wiki/TrueType (194 words)

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