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Topic: Approach space

	Third Approach: Name Space Management
		With name space management, we enforce a given security policy by controlling how names in a program are resolved into runtime classes.
		We can either remove a class entirely from the name space (thus causing attempts to use the class to fail), or we can cause its name to refer to a different class which is compatible with the original.
		Name space management also allows third-party trusted subsystems to be distributed as part of untrusted applets (see section 3.3.3).
	www.cs.princeton.edu /sip/pub/sosp97/node9.html (1181 words)

	Space Exploration - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Although this new approach was successful with spacecraft such as the Mars Pathfinder lander and Mars Global Surveyor 96, budgetary constraints may have contributed to the loss of two other Mars spacecraft, Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander, in 1999.
		(In the case of the space shuttle orbiter, a roll maneuver resembles the motion of an airplane dipping its wing.) Pitch is rotation around the craft’s lateral axis, the horizontal axis that runs from side to side.
		Redesigned space suits, which were easier to take off and put on, and hammocks that were strung across the lunar module cabin helped the Moon explorers get their rest.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761556756___66/Space_Exploration.html (3989 words)

	Approach space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In topology, approach spaces are a generalization of metric spaces, based on point-to-set distances, instead of point-to-point distances.
		An approach space is defined to be a pair (X,d) where d is a distance function on X.
		The main interest in approach spaces and their contractions is that they form a category with good properties, while still being quantitative like metric spaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Approach_space (762 words)

	The Second Manifesto of the Space Hijackers
		Space is designed to affect our moods, and put us into the frame of mind that companies require in order to be in a position to compete with their rivals, to do this they use both the language of their architecture and knowledge of how we react to space.
		Space is designed in order to exert control over its users, for the means of the people who own it, to do this the services of architects are employed.
		Because people disrupt the harmony of built space, they are not something the architect relishes, and so do not form part of his or her vision.
	www.spacehijackers.co.uk /html/ideas/writing/2ndmanifesto.html (2461 words)

	spirt shows
		Open Space Technology, as it has evolved, is an approach to meetings of all sorts, enabling groups from 5 to 1500 to quickly self-organize around complex issues with very substantive, and often surprising results.
		For example, in an Open Space conducted several years ago for the Arizona region of USWEST (the Baby Bell), the focal point was "Fixing Arizona" and USWEST/Arizona as a business enterprise was indeed broke.
		At a deeper level, I believe Open Space to be a Practice through which it is possible for groups and individuals to encounter Spirit up close and personal.
	www.openspaceworld.com /spirt_shows.htm (3725 words)

	Bin Jiang
		Geographical space is a large-scale space, it is "a space whose structure is at a significantly larger scale than the observations available at an instant.
		Space syntax is based on the fact that an urban environment is an interconnected space where everywhere links to everywhere else.
		Space adjacency can be measured with metric distance, for example by drawing a circle around a point object, or drawing a buffer along a line or polygon object.
	www2.sis.pitt.edu /~cogmap/ncgia/jiang.html (4065 words)

	ONJava.com -- Space-Based Programming
		This approach doesn't scale particularly well, at least not without supplemental effort; in general, the greater the number of participating objects, the longer and the more convoluted their conversational paths become.
		Answer objects remain in the space, available to be returned immediately upon the arrival of a request identical to that of their mappings.
		With a space, the design can be greatly simplified, since both technical and business objects can bank their state in space.
	www.onjava.com /pub/a/onjava/2003/03/19/java_spaces.html (2191 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Business (The Write Stuff)
		During the space race back in the 1960's, NASA was faced with a major problem.
		Lead pencils were used on all Mercury and Gemini space flights and all Russian space flights prior to 1968.
		Fisher Space Pens are more dependable than lead pencils and cannot create the hazard of a broken piece of lead floating through the gravity-less atmosphere.
	www.snopes.com /business/genius/spacepen.asp (613 words)

	Space Doctrine Starts From The Ground Up
		"Space is being accepted as a critical link, and it brings more attention to what goes on in our doctrine," said Maj. Smokey Reddoch, a doctrine writer for space operations at the Air Force Doctrine Center at Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.
		That's why Maj. Smokey Reddoch, a doctrine writer for space operations, wants to ensure what he is doing now creates a legacy for the 37,200 airmen he serves in Air Force Space Command and for the armed services as a whole.
		Michael A. Hamel, space operations and integration director, and deputy chief of staff for air and space operations.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/milspace-01x.html (839 words)

	Dragons in Orbit
		Given the importance of Western space systems to RMA-type military operations, as well as the relative communications problems of naval versus land forces, the Chinese may well conclude that there is a greater benefit to be gained by denying space than by exploiting it themselves.
		Given that development of space systems is acknowledged to have both economic and military benefits, it is likely that the PRC will continue to pursue broad development of its space industries, including launchers, satellite manufacturing, etc. Such an effort is likely to produce more capable commercial systems, with obvious attendant improvements for the PRC military.
		Given the US dominance of the space arena, Chinese analysts may well expect that any PRC space assets would be neutralized, in one way or another, upon the advent of hostilities, and therefore not expect to have to operate with them at all.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/China_Center/CMA_Conf_Oct00/paper10.htm (3270 words)

	ALT index: Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests (ALT) Photo Gallery Contact Sheet
		The Space Shuttle Approach and Landings Tests (ALT) program allowed pilots and engineers to learn how the Space Shuttle and the modified Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) handled during low-speed flight and landing.
		The Enterprise, a prototype of the Space Shuttles, and the SCA were flown to conduct the approach and landing tests at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, from February to October 1977.
		The fifth approach and landing test, with the Enterprise landing on the Edwards Air Force Base concrete runway, revealed a problem with the Space Shuttle flight control system that made it susceptible to Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO), a potentially dangerous control problem during a landing.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /Gallery/Photo/ALT/HTML/index.html (421 words)

	Space: the international approach - space exploration with the former Soviet Union and Europe - Cover Story Science ...
		Despite Kennedy's challenge, space exploration in the 1960s, notably the race to the moon, became a "symbol of U.S.-Soviet competition," notes John M. Logsdon, director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. These days, he says, international cooperation "is not just talk.
		While he agrees that science is neither the sole nor the primary reason for the space station, he says its political justification is sound.
		To assemble the space station by 2002 will require 44 launches of spacecraft in 55 months, she notes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n20_v147/ai_17128702 (868 words)

	Shuttle (STS) Approach and Landing Test (ALT) Movie Gallery
		The first flights with the Space Shuttle attached to the SCA were done to find out how well the two vehicles flew together.
		The next series of tests were done with a flight crew of two onboard the Space Shuttle during three captive flights, with the Enterprise piloted and its systems activated.
		The Enterprise was flown by a crew of two after it was released from its pylons on the SCA at an altitude of 19,000 to 26,000 feet.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/movie/ALT/index.html (391 words)

	DefenseLink News Article: Transformation Director Says Cold War Space Approach Must Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Changes must be made in the United States' Cold War space approach, he said, adding that in today's rapidly changing, dynamic world, the nation must continue to lead in all space operations to assure national security and freedom of action.
		The national security space program was viewed as a source of national power, he explained, with a clear connection between space and the nation's strategic deterrent forces.
		The commercial space communication and remote-sensing industries that emerged in the 1990s provide power derived from space -- once reserved for the most powerful nations -- to weaker nations, organizations and even individuals, he explained.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Mar2004/n03312004_200403319.html (1198 words)

	CNN - Shuttle begins final approach for space station rendezvous - December 6, 1998
		JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, Texas (CNN) -- The Endeavour crew is poised to begin the most difficult task to date in the most expensive science project ever.
		The space shuttle made a final approach to the Russian- made module Sunday evening to start assembling the first link of the International Space Station, a $60 billion, 16-nation effort.
		EST, astronaut Nancy Currie is scheduled to use the shuttle's 50-foot robotic arm to clutch the 44,000-pound Zarya and bring it to the payload bay to within inches of Unity, the U.S. piece of the space station.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9812/06/shuttle.02/index.html (714 words)

	A humanistic approach to space - office designs - includes related articles - Cover Story HR Magazine - Find Articles
		Their work space is a free-form experiment where teamwork is emphasized and personal space is kept to a minimum.
		Instead, they are adopting a hybrid approach in which open spaces-complete with video and projection screens - are available for team projects and group discussions, and private spaces are used for work that requires deep concentration.
		While these new approaches to office space may produce different space configurations, they share a critical element: They work best when HR is involved in the process.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3495/is_n3_v43/ai_20853287 (854 words)

	Security Space Forum
		As an increasing number of nations use space systems to advance their social, economic, and national security interests, there is a parallel increase in attention to how best to ensure that those systems can operate free of threats of disruption.
		They argue that space security is an issue of interest to many countries and that some sort of collective approach to space security is preferable to a unilateral approach that includes the resort to space weapons.
		There have been a number of suggestions, mainly originating in the United States, of approaches that might be internationally acceptable, including increased space situational awareness, various confidence-building measures, “rules of the road,” and a space code of conduct.
	www.gwu.edu /~spi/spaceforum.html (1131 words)

	Bush Opens Outer Space To War
		"Freedom of action in space is as important to the United States as air power and sea power," it asserts in its introduction.
		The vision of the Outer Space Treatyto set aside space as a global commons and to prevent the armed conflict that has marked human history on Earth from extending into the heavenswould be altered by the new U.S. policy.
		It will not take long if space is opened up to war for other nations, notably Russia and China, to meet the United States in kind.
	www.rense.com /general74/spacewar.htm (575 words)

	Aquarius Rising: a conventional approach
		The simplest approach would be to found a partnership of prospective residents pooling their personal finances to build the initial structure, insuring it starts with enough spare space for the new business to start leasing and earning income toward expansion.
		The residents of this building would move in with the understanding that their rights to spaces under their leases would not necessarily be to specific spaces and that, over time, they may have to move to new units as the structure was expanded.
		The original atrium space is retained as a sunken atrium in the center of a now very large primary atrium and serves as a public services center or shopping center, using the same unit spaces one used for residences with generous storage and utility space behind them.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/docs/ARcondo.html (12080 words)

	Chp 1: Japan's Space Communications Program
		The building of consensus through the National Organization for Space Development Activities (see Figure 1.5) and the Space Activities Commission (see Figure 1.6), the inclusion of many public entities in the planning process, and the process of review and approval of the entire space program are perhaps the most important characteristics.
		This is not to imply that the Japanese approach is superior or inferior, but it is important to understand the fundamentals of the approach.
		The Japanese space sciences research program began with the University of Tokyo, and when it grew too large it was transferred to a governmental agency known as the Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS), which was created within the Ministry of Education.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/satcom/c1_s4.htm (2221 words)

	FOXNews.com - The 'Horizontal' Approach to Space Programs - Blog \| Blogs \| Popular Blogs \| Video Blogs
		The Chinese space program is mildly interesting, to those interested in space in general, but it's not going to make major strides into the universe any time soon, and it's almost certainly not going to spur another space race.
		Space activities can be sustained for that reasons, but not a truly spacefaring civilization, which requires more tangible returns.
		Pike is a physicist, and understands little about the real problems of space launch, which are operations and lack of economies of scale, so it's natural for him to think that.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,89241,00.html (1286 words)

	News Release - Space telescopes & satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		She and other researchers are studying the control of the material for future use in space telescopes and surveillance satellites.
		Made out of a "smart" material that changes shape when struck by electrons fired by a computer-controlled electron gun, it is a whole new approach to space mirrors.
		During their initial research on the new space mirror material, the Sandia and University of Kentucky researchers are using the piezoelectric material polyvinylidene fluoride because it is inexpensive, readily available, and exhibits the necessary properties.
	www.sandia.gov /media/NewsRel/NR2000/mirrors.htm (1098 words)

	Space Commission Launches New Approach To Space Exploration
		Successful implementation of the national space exploration vision will require significant cultural and organizational changes in the federal government's approach to managing the effort, and bold transformation initiatives must be undertaken.
		The space exploration vision must be managed as a significant national priority, a shared commitment of the President, Congress, and the American people.
		Implementing the space exploration vision will be enabled by scientific knowledge, and will enable compelling scientific opportunities to study Earth and its environs, the solar system, other planetary systems, and the universe.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=June&x=20040616174617jtnworb0.4699518&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html (1648 words)

	SPACE.com -- Return to Flight
		Space shuttle Discovery is on final approach for a landing at Edwards AFB,
		are ideal for the space plane's approach and landing in the pre-dawn darkness, about 53 minutes before sunrise (local time).
		The space shuttle Discovery successfully landed at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) after a weekend flight across the country.
	www.space.com /returntoflight (2315 words)

	A New Approach To Space Technology Research And Development
		Class 2: TRD to support space projects: to study the technical feasibility and to develop the critical technology elements of well defined ESA and other space missions in which the European industry can play a role.
		The Master Plan approach and the Technology Gate Keepers concept are a first step in enabling the negotiations for these partnerships.
		In the particular case that major technology elements needed for a space application cannot be covered within ESA’s TRD mandate or that of its partners, a clear and early warning must be fed back to the User representatives of those applications, informing them of the impossibility to provide full TRD coverage.
	industry.esa.int /ATTACHEMENTS/A39 (2531 words)

	The Space Review: Elevators and exploration
		One innovation that has promised such revolutionary reductions is the space elevator: long consigned to the realm of science fiction, the concept has gained support in recent years thanks to new developments such as carbon nanotubes.
		The irony in that approach is that it was NASA, through the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC), who funded the studies that reenergized interest in the space elevator concept.
		The path forward for the space elevator remains uncertain: in addition to the funding complications caused by the exploration vision, there are numerous technological challenges elevator proponents have to overcome, from creating carbon nanotube fibers with the requisite strength to power-beaming systems needed to transfer energy to the vehicles that will climb up the elevator.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/229/1 (1844 words)

	Utah Space Association - Activism
		A tactical look at how to approach space exploration, weighing benefits against the costs, and discussing how to win public support through everyone's wallets -- where they feel it most.
		A call to arms for space exploration to avoid the death blow from a comet or asteroid similar to the one that killed off the dinosaurs.
		The Space Frontier Foundation is an organization of people dedicated to opening the Space Frontier to human settlement as rapidly as possible.
	www.utahspace.org /about/activism.html (527 words)

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