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Topic: Apusozoa

In the News (Wed 15 Feb 12)

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Family compact

	Palaeos Eukarya: Stem Metazoa
		In Cavalier-Smith's (2002) phylogeny, this is equivalent to Unikonta plus Apusozoa.
		Apusozoa may also lie outside the Stem Metazoa as defined here, in which case, Unikonta and Stem Metazoa are just about identical.
		In addition to the Apusazoa and the amoebas, the Stem Metazoa contain the Fungi and the animals, both of which have their own major sections in Palaeos.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Units/StemMetazoa/StemMetazoa.html (163 words)

	Amoebozoa - Medicow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		We may then suppose, for example, that the ancestral form was a monad with a with a theca which, in some progeny, assumed the form found in the Apusozoa.
		There is no significant evidence that the "Apusozoa" are a clade, although they may represent successive surviving branches from the trunk of the eukaryote tree.
		Cavalier-Smith and Chao [CS03] believe that the Apusozoa derived very early, and, even in our preferred phylogeny, these taxa would fall below near the base of the deep branch leading to the opisthokonts (animals and Fungi) and the Amoebozoa.
	www.medicow.com /topics/Amoebozoa (1614 words)

	Flagellate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, they may be a paraphyletic group, and in particular may have been ancestral to most or all other eukaryotes.
		Other notable groups including flagellates are the Choanozoa, Cercozoa, alveolates (including dinoflagellates), ebriids, and Apusozoa.
		This page was last modified 02:35, 14 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flagellate (468 words)

	Phylogenetic Classification of Protozoa Based on the Structure of the Linker Domain in the Bifunctional Enzyme, ...
		Apusozoa phylum) also have short (2-6-residue) linker domains.
		Apusozoa is on the first branch after the DHFR-TS fusion event.
		Cercozoa, Heliozoa, and Apusozoa (shown in green in Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/52/52980 (4604 words)

	Poster Contributions to the spring 2002 BSSP conference held at Bristol University. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Another recently recognised zooflagellate phylum, Apusozoa, has a tendency to extrude ventral pseudopods (like many Cercozoa) but differs in having a rigid cortical layer.
		Recently, Cercozoa have been grouped with Retaria, Apusozoa, and Heliozoa as a new infrakingdom Rhizaria; however their relative branching order remains unclear and the grouping requires further investigation.
		Most others are heterokont chromists (mainly in the phylum Sagenista (1995), where some have lost the usual distinguishing ciliary hairs) or members of five protozoan phyla: Euglenozoa (1981), Choanozoa (1981), Apusozoa (1986), Miozoa (1999: Protalveolata, Dinoflagellata and Sporozoa) or Loukozoa (1999: Jakobea plus Anaeromonadea).
	www.bsspweb.freeserve.co.uk /bsspsite2/posters02k.htm (4400 words)

	UNIKONTAE
		However, Cavalier-Smith and Chao (2003) claim that the apusomonads evolved from unikont amoebae by the addition of a second flagellum (at the base of the bikont line, see a Figure modified from Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003) and that they are related to the heliozoa (sic).
		I include the apusozoa here with uncertain status.
		A more complete taxonomy (to the ordinal level) of the Kingdom Amoebozoae.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/AMOEBOZOAE/AMOEBOZOAE.htm (219 words)

	International Society of Protistologists: Employment
		Remarkably little is known of the biology, species diversity, and ecology of the recently established phylum Apusozoa, which are free-living predators on bacteria in all major habitats.
		The position of this phylum in the eukaryote phylogenetic tree is also obscure, as they do not clearly belong to any of the recently defined six major assemblages of eukaryotes, and might represent a distinct lineage, possibly being the most divergent among bikont eukaryotes.
		To apply send a cover letter of no more than a page outlining your special interests and explaining why this project interests you, your cv and publication list, and contact details for three referees, to Personnel Office, Department of Zoology, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, E-mail: recruit@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
	www.uga.edu /~protozoa/pub/employment.html (1345 words)

	Abstracts from the Spring meeting 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I shall present extensive new data on molecular phylogeny of Cercozoa and suggest that they are related to Retaria (Radiolaria and Foraminifera) and that this composite group is related to plants/chromalveolates/excavates.
		I shall give new molecular evidence on the diversity of Choanozoa and their closer relationship to animals than to fungi; all three groups comprise a robust opisthokont clade to which Apusozoa are sisters.
		The position of Amoebozoa is the least clear, since they branch quite close to the likely position of the root of the eukaryote tree, which I shall discuss.
	www.bsspweb.freeserve.co.uk /bsspsite2/abstracts01k.htm (3006 words)

	PhD \| Project Details - Gene exchange, phylogeny, selection, and population structure in thecomonad protozoa
		Thecomonads (protozoan predators of bacteria inhabiting marine sediments, soil or freshwater) are of two cell types, more ancient than the animal kingdom: apusomonads and ancyromonads.
		Belonging to the new phylum Apusozoa, remarkably little is known of their biology, diversity, and ecology.
		Applicants should have a strong interest in bioinformatics and computer analysis of sequence data, as this forms the core of the project.
	www.findaphd.com /search/showproject.asp?projectid=12691&searchtype=n&page=1 (453 words)

	Replies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The PRAT Purine Synthesis Gene Duplication in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis Is Associated with a Retrotransposition Event and Diversification of Expression Patterns (short summary: the authors identified gene sequences which were inherited from a common ancestor of the two species 40 million years ago)
		Phylogeny of Choanozoa, Apusozoa, and Other Protozoa and Early Eukaryote Megaevolution (short summary: A study of DNA sequences and the light it sheds on the very early split of the various single-cell organism types from a common ancestor)
		Frequent Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangements at the Hymenopteran nad3–nad5 Junction (short summary: DNA from 21 distinct groups of wasps were compared and the implications for the family tree and "history" are discussed)
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-backroom/1366739/replies?c=103 (3456 words)

	The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grasse emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and ...
		Whether Apusozoa are really ancestrally heterotrophic and early divergent bikonts, as shown, is also uncertain.
		are closer to haptophytes than to core Rhizaria or Apusozoa.
		If, however, Apusozoa are not cabozoans, but ancestrally
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/6/1741 (7528 words)

	Molecular Comparisons of Freshwater and Marine Isolates of the Same Morphospecies of Heterotrophic Flagellates -- ...
		primers were used for amplification of Apusozoa (primers 18Sfor
		Maximum likelihood tree of the phylum Apusozoa obtained by using all aligned positions.
		The tree was rooted using Choanozoa as the outgroup.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/10/6638 (2655 words)

	Economy, Speed and Size Matter: Evolutionary Forces Driving Nuclear Genome Miniaturization and Expansion -- ...
		The position of the eukaryotic root has been nearly as controversial, but is less hard to establish: it probably lies between unikonts and bikonts (Lang et al., 2002
		For clarity the basal eukaryotic kingdom Protozoa is not labelled; it comprises four major groups (alveolates, cabozoa, Amoebozoa and Choanozoa) plus the small bikont phylum Apusozoa of unclear precise position; whether Heliozoa are protozoa as shown or chromists is uncertain (Cavalier-Smith, 2003b
		Symbiogenetic cell enslavement occurred four or five times: in the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from different negibacteria, of chromalveolates by the enslaving of a red alga (Cavalier-Smith, 1999
	aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/95/1/147 (7975 words)

	Origins of the machinery of recombination and sex
		That shown is most likely, but it might actually be within Amoebozoa, between them and other eukaryotes, or even just below the Rhizaria; however, it is not within the amitochondrial excavates, which are secondarily, not primarily amitochondrial as used to be thought (Cavalier-Smith, 2002b).
		Rhizaria are a new major protozoan group (infrakingdom) comprising Radiolaria, Foraminifera, Cercozoa, Apusozoa and Heliozoa (Cavalier-Smith, 2002b).
		Dashed lines indicate the symbiogenetic origin of chloroplasts in the ancestral plant and the secondary acquisition of a red algal chloroplast
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/hdy/journal/v88/n2/full/6800034a.html (13148 words)

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