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Topic: Aquaplaning

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	Aquaplaning - Wikipedia
		Aquaplaning entsteht, wenn die Fahrbahn von einem durchgehenden Wasserfilm bedeckt ist, der bei hoher Geschwindigkeit nicht mehr vom Reifen verdrängt werden kann.
		Aquaplaning kann nur durch eine Verminderung der Geschwindigkeit verhindert werden.
		Auch bei Beachtung der Vorschriften der gesetzlichen Mindestprofiltiefe der Reifen (1,6 mm) kann Aquaplaning beim PKW ab etwa 80 km/h auftreten.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aquaplaning (223 words)

	Aquaplaning - Wikipedia
		Aquaplaning is misschien wel de bekendste vorm van (elasto)hydrodynamische smering.
		Andere bekende vormen van aquaplaning zijn het ontstaan van een dunne waterfilm onder je voeten in het zwembad of in de badkamer.
		Aquaplaning is in Vlaanderen ook gekend als watergladheid.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aquaplaning (350 words)

	Report - VTI – Sveriges ledande transportforskningsinstitut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Aquaplaning occurs when a vehicle rides on the water and completely loses contact with the road, putting drivers in immediate danger of sliding of the road.
		Whereas the problem of aquaplaning on very thick water films is very wellstudied, the aspects of a tyre sliding on a thin water layer is much less investigated.
		The subject of the present investigation is viscous aquaplaning on a thin fluid layer, where water acts as a lubricant on the rubber.
	www.vti.se /templates/Report____2797.aspx?reportid=2500 (1131 words)

	[No title]
		Partial aquaplaning, as its name implies, occurs when only part of the tyre is lifted from the surface as shown in Fig 2.
		When aquaplaning occurs, perhaps the most unexpected feature is the condition in which free-rolling (unbraked) wheels slow down or stop completely.
		However, if groundspeed is reduced the time for the wheels to spin-up again is much longer and aquaplaning will persist to a lower speed than that given by the formula; how much lower depends upon the surface texture.
	www.centralflyingschool.org.uk /Winter/Aqua.htm (656 words)

	Aquaplaning
		A well known example of hydrodynamic lubrication is the aquaplaning of automobile tires on wet roads.
		The water is dragged by the tire into the wedge shaped geometry formed between the tire and the road surface, causing hydrodynamic pressure to build up at the front of the tire.
		To increase the speed at which aquaplaning might occur angled groove patterns effectively disperse the water from the contact patch.
	www.tribology-abc.com /abc/aquaplaning.htm (98 words)

	aquaplaning
		Aquaplaning is a long-standing interest of mine, ever since I was friction testing some of Australia's runways in the 1970s with the venerable Mu-Meter (BTW enough time has passed to allow me to tell some of the tales of that testing, but not in this forum).
		For aquaplaning, there is a gap in theory and practice, and another gap between the pilots and the pavement engineers that build and maintain the runways.
		The French and the IFI measure the macrotexture of the surfacing in terms of millimetres of texture depth, and this measurement is directly relevant to aquaplaning.
	www.geocities.com /profemery/aviation/aquaplaning.html (1563 words)

	Gremline Preview: Aquaplaning is not just a large aircraft phenomenon.
		If you attempt to slow the aircraft by the application of wheel brakes in conditions that are conducive to aquaplaning then it is likely that the braked wheels will stop rotating and the braking force between the runway and the tyres will drop to zero.
		Aquaplaning in a strong crosswind with a big braking parachute trying to drag you off the side of a runway is quite exciting.
		As the aircraft speed decreases sufficiently below aquaplaning speed the wheel remains locked (especially if brakes are applied) as it comes into contact with the surface, often producing a localised patch of excessive wear on the tyres.
	www.gremline.com /index_files/page0014.htm (1310 words)

	Popular Flying Association > Coaching Corner > July / August 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Aquaplaning is generally understood to occur when a tyre encounters a layer of water on the runway and the suffers a marked and sudden reduction in retardation.
		Aquaplaning in a strong crosswing with a big braking parachute trying to drag you off the side of a runway is quite exciting.
		Aquaplaning is not an everyday hazard for light GA aircraft but if you do meet it you need to understand what's going on and sort it out quickly before your lovely aircraft drifts of into the surrounding scenery.
	www.pfa.org.uk /the_pfa/coaching_corner/july_august_2002.asp (1950 words)

	Nokian Tyres 1-800-565-2525 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Aquaplaning occurs especially when drivers are not able to accurately assess the conditions of their tyres, particularly when their tyres are worn.
		During its life cycle, the NRH was a superb tyre as far as its resistance to aquaplaning was concerned.
		There is a slightly different emphasis on the aquaplaning characteristics of tyres in the "H" and "V" speed category.
	www.nokiantires.com /html/NRH2faq.html (3488 words)

	Better Driving: Skidding
		Once the front wheels aquaplane, all steering control vanishes, which is frightening, to say the least.
		In all types of cars, aquaplaning on a damp surface becomes serious over 110kmph or even at lesser speeds in fact, if tyres or road surface are bad.
		While aquaplaning continues there is almost no effective stopping of the car and you have no steering control.
	www.indiacar.com /infobank/skidding.htm (781 words)

	Institut für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen - Lehrstuhl für Straßenplanung und Straßenbau
		The patterns which are thereby determined concerning the flow and hydraulic resistance behaviour and the capacity of water-absorption form the empirical basis for the FVM-model.
		In addition to that the connection between positive connection- and aquaplaning behaviour of the latest generation tires and the derivation of an aquaplaning speed are implemented.
		In the moment the basic setup of the model and the compilation of the connection of impacts between roughness, thickness of the waterfilm and aquaplaning is worked upon.
	www.uni-stuttgart.de /isv/sus/englisch/forschung/aquaplaning.html (380 words)

	Racing News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Aquaplaning is one of the trickiest parts of racing in the rain, when the tire cannot cut through the buildup of water on the track surface, and it begins to skim across the top of the water.
		The trick to controlling aquaplaning is to do as little as possible, be gentle.
		Aquaplaning is like driving on ice, the less you do, the better your chances of surviving.
	www.proformanceraceschool.com /racenews.html (887 words)

	Auto - How To Control Aquaplaning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Of course the heavier the rain, the worse your tires are, and the higher your speed, the greater the chances are of aquaplaning.
		Some roads, which have ruts running along where the tires of all the vehicles have passed, combined with poor drainage, are especially susceptible to causing cars to aquaplane.
		Of course the easiest way to handle aquaplaning is to avoid it in the first place by making sure your tires are up to the job, trying to avoid driving in the worn ruts in the road, and keeping your speed down.
	www.canadiandirect.com /Renderer.jhtml.260.html (760 words)

	Technical Information Issue # 3
		Aquaplaning occurs when a tyre's tread pattern is unable to disperse sufficient water from the road surface.
		Avoidance of aquaplaning is essential for safe driving on wet roads.
		The higher the speed, the greater the volume of water that needs to be dispersed per time period to prevent aquaplaning.
	www.toyo.com.au /tech_info3.html (444 words)

	Canny Coulthard Goes Shoeless in the Rain
		"I had a problem with aquaplaning and it was impossible to see what was going on in front or to judge the distance to other cars ahead.
		Coulthard defended Silverstone's safety record but said aquaplaning, when a car hits water on the road surface and loses grip suddenly, was a real concern for Formula One drivers in the wet.
		"I think aquaplaning is a really serious issue of which nothing will really be done about it until there is a serious accident," he warned.
	www.atlasf1.com /news/2000/apr/2307.htm (695 words)

	Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tread on the circumference of vehicle tyres exists primarily as a safeguard against aquaplaning.
		Aquaplaning occurs when the vehicle encounters surface lying water at speed.
		The only time that a rear tyre does not follow exactly in the path of the front tyres is when the vehicle negotiates a short radius curve, Such curves can be negotiated only at low speeds when there is no risk of aquaplaning at low speeds.
	freespace.virgin.net /geoff.xx/tyre.htm (320 words)

	Atlas F1 Magazine: The F1 FAQ
		Aquaplaning happens when the amount of water on the asphalt is more than the tyres can handle.
		As a rule of thumb with normal road cars, the speed above which aquaplaning can happen is ten times the square root of the tyre pressure in psi.
		Therefore, the slightest increase in speed to maintain the gap to the safety car, causes a sudden significant acceleration which will be enough to make the car aquaplane as the water builds up in front of the tyre.
	www.atlasf1.com /2002/jan02/faq.html (1405 words)

	Student Theses
		Sammanfattning/Abstract Aquaplaning accidents are relatively rare, but could have fatal effects.
		The task of this master’s thesis is to use data from the Laser Road Surface Tester to detect road sections with risk of aquaplaning.
		In a future perspective, it would be wise to port the code to another programming language and this could make the computations faster.
	www.ep.liu.se /exjobb/isy/2003/3409 (240 words)

	Monsoon Guide - Taking care of your car : Aqua-Planning
		Levels of traction (and therefore control) decrease as the size of the contact patch decreases.
		Aquaplaning causes the tyre(s) to lose contact with the road, making the vehicle uncontrollable.
		Less depth means less ability to flush out water, hence more chances of aquaplaning.
	www.indiacar.com /infobank/monsoon_guide_aqua.htm (200 words)

	RS6.com \| International Community - RS4 Crash due to aquaplaning [Austria]
		Because there was a truck on the right lane, he wanted to pass him on the acceleration lane and he was accelerating very fast.
		the aquaplaning happened to me also last week, I could hardly keep control over the car, and i wasn't that fast at all, 'bout 90 km/h.
		well actually i am driving a lot (bout 60 000 km/y) and i hope to be able to handle aquaplaning a little bit better than the guy in the rs4.
	www.rs6.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=4811 (471 words)

	racecar
		I spun in this morning´s session, and again this afternoon, and both times it was because of aquaplaning.
		Giancarlo is happy and was able to show both his talent and the quality of the car and the Bridgestone tyres.
		Naturally Felipe is not so happy, after aquaplaning in both sessions and failing to record a lap time.
	www.racecar.co.uk /story.asp?NewsID=8167 (174 words)

	Uniroyal - 7 professional tips for increased safety in winter. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Because safety and comfort are a priority in winter weather, by changing from summer to winter tyres at the right time you will be giving yourself a huge advantage.
		Especially when it is icy, wet or slushy outside you need to be protected against aquaplaning, and your tyre´s performance needs to be geared toward wet winter road conditions.
		This allows water to flow away from the tyre so that excellent road performance is still achieved.
	www.conti.de /generator/www/de/en/uniroyal/automobile/themes/prost/winter/alainprost_winter_en.html (431 words)

	noticias - FORMULA 1: B.A.R Honda Hampered by Melbourne Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Takuma was the 15th car to qualify, joining the track in the middle of the monsoon conditions.
		On his warm-up lap, his car aquaplaned off the track into the barrier, ripping off the front wing of his car and damaging the front and rear suspension.
		Although today's running was difficult due to the mixed weather conditions and some car problems, we were fairly happy with our pace at the end of the morning and will now focus on our strategy for tomorrow's race.
	www.noticias.info /asp/aspComunicados.asp?nid=50773&src=0 (899 words)

	Halfbakery: Aquaplaning effect reduction
		To reduce the aquaplaning effect my idea is to have a high pressure air jet pointed at the road area in front of the each of the front tyres.
		This would remove part of the water thus reducing the danger for aquaplaning.
		I had this idea after observing my car’s disk brakes which are ventilated by a similar system.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Aquaplaning_20effect_20reduction (1165 words)

	Allianz F1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Aquaplaning is what happens when there is more water between the tyres and the road than can be displaced by the tyre tread.
		Formula 1 races can be stopped if there is a danger of aquaplaning.
		Under very wet conditions, the safety car is generally used to keep the field at a lower speed.
	f1.allianz.com /azf1/sp/en/inside/lexikon?JServSessi...m6qev6qf1&&isEvaluating=1 (2722 words)

	IMOC Articles - Autocar tyre test 1999
		These postpone the point at which a wedge of water lifts them clear of the road, causing the car to aquaplane.
		They do, especially the comfortably victorious Goodyear, which postpones aquaplaning to a speed almost 3mph faster than the second-placed Bridgestone.
		As we pointed out in the Focus section, aquaplaning in i straight line and in a curve make different demands on a byre.
	www.imoc.co.uk /technical/article/autocar.htm (2368 words)

	JK Tyre,tyres,passanger car tyres,lcv tyres,truck tyres,bus tyres
		Aquaplaning is when water accumulates in front of your vehicle's tyres, fast than what your vehicle weight can push out of its way.
		The water pressure makes your car rise up and slide on top of a thin layer of water between the tyres and the road.
		Water depth : Always avoid driving through flooded roads because the deeper the water, the higher the chances of aquaplaning.
	www.jktyre.com /tyre-care-maintenance.html (949 words)

	Alptraum Aquaplaning: Not in der Nässe - Auto - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Nachrichten
		Es gibt verschiedene Phasen des Aquaplanings: Bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit drückt sich das Reifenprofil durch den Wasserfilm fest auf die Straße.
		Aquaplaning hängt neben dem Wasserstand auf der Fahrbahn, der Fahrgeschwindigkeit und dem Fahrzeuggewicht ganz wesentlich von der Profiltiefe der Reifen ab.
		Schwerer zu deuten sind die ersten Anzeichen von Aquaplaning bei heckgetriebenen Fahrzeugen, weil hier die Hinterräder die nicht angetriebenen Vorderräder in die Wasserfalle schieben.
	www.spiegel.de /auto/werkstatt/0,1518,244224,00.html (638 words)

	U.S. Pregrant 20030101805 - Device for recognising the risk of aquaplaning which can occur during the driving of a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The device according to the invention relates to a device for detecting a risk of aquaplaning which arises during the driving mode of a vehicle.
		The device contains for this purpose first means which determine a first propulsion variable which describes the propulsion of the vehicle which is to be expected on the basis of the operating state of the engine and/or of the drive train.
		The presence of the risk of aquaplaning is inferred as a function of a deviation between the first propulsion variable and the second propulsion variable.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20030101805.html (222 words)

	Insect aquaplaning: Nepenthes pitcher plants capture prey with the peristome, a fully wettable water-lubricated ...
		Insect aquaplaning: Nepenthes pitcher plants capture prey with the peristome, a fully wettable water-lubricated anisotropic surface -- Bohn and Federle, 10.1073/pnas.0405885101 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Insect aquaplaning: Nepenthes pitcher plants capture prey with the peristome, a fully wettable water-lubricated anisotropic surface
		(peristome) and insect "aquaplaning." The peristome is characterized
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/0405885101v1 (299 words)

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