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Topic: Aquatic respiration

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	Respiration Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Respiration is the process or processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.It is this meaning of respiration that is addressed on this page.
		Internal respiration, or the interchange of oxygen and carbonic acid between the cells of the body and the bathing them, which in one sense is a process of nutrition.
		In the respiration of plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and carbonic acid exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured by the light-phase of photosynthesis in which the plant inhales and absorbs carbon dioxide and exhales oxygen.
	ffreloaded.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/r/re/respiration.html (515 words)

	Amphibian Biology
		Pulmonary respiration is usually supplemented by rapid throat pulsations (buccal pumping) that push air over the vascular lining of the buccopharyngeal (mouth and throat) region, and into the lungs, while others use their nares for ventilation.
		Aquatic, globular type egg masses can obtain sufficient oxygen in cooler waters because the higher oxygen level is able to penetrate to the innermost eggs in the mass.
		Aquatic eggs produce small amounts of urea, as the toxic ammonia is diluted through diffusion of water into the perivitelline fluid.
	www.livingunderworld.org /biology/caudata.shtml (8876 words)

	The Aquatic Biome
		Aquatic regions house numerous species of plants and animals, both large and small.
		The aquatic biome can be broken down into two basic regions, freshwater (i.e, ponds and rivers) and marine (i.e, oceans and estuaries).
		Without aquatic plankton, there would be few living organisms in the world, and certainly no humans.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss5/biome/aquatic.html (1608 words)

	OSSM Vertebrate Zoology
		Circulation to the internal gills of aquatic animals is more efficient through the pharyngeal gill slits and openings over most invertebrate forms of aquatic respiration which occurs by variously modified means.
		Gaseous respiration by means of 5 to 7 pairs of gills with separate, external gill slits.
		Respiration by gills supported by bony gill arches and covered by a common operculum - opening for water passage to outside from internal gill cavity.
	www.ossm.edu /biology/vzln1.htm (3006 words)

	Aquatic Respiration
		Most aquatic organisms, however, that rely on either basic body shape, small size, or simple evaginations or invaginations, are limited to a life with low metabolic demands.
		The evolution of larger, more complicated aquatic organisms capable of high metabolic rates required additional solutions to those already mentioned, although, it should be noted, the basic principles we have already seen provide the basis for the solutions employed by more complex organisms.
		For aquatic organisms, this is rarely a problem since CO readily goes into solution and is carried off in the water.
	www.marietta.edu /~mcshaffd/aquatic/sextant/respire.htm (3045 words)

	The Very Best Books : Respiration In Aquatic Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The introductory chapters review the general importance of respiration in aquatic systems, and deal with respiration within four key biological components of aquatic systems: bacteria, algae, heterotrophic protists, and zooplankton.
		The aim of this first part is to provide the backbone for the analysis and interpretation of ecosystem-level respiration in a variety of aquatic environments.
		For each major ecosystem, the corresponding chapter provides a synthesis of methods used to assess respiration, outlines the existing information and data on respiration, discusses its regulation and link to biotic and abiotic factors, and finally provides regional and global estimates of the magnitude of respiration.
	www.elise.com /store/0198527098/Respiration_In_Aquatic_Ecosystems.html (239 words)

	Lindeman-Trophic
		Information on the respiration of aquatic primary consumers is obtained from an illuminating study by Ivlev ('39a) on the energy relationships of Tubifex.
		Among the several faetors involved, increasing respiration of suecessive levels of predators contrasted with their successively increasing efficiency of predation appears to be important in restricting the number of trophic levels in a food cyclic.
		Respiration with respect to growth is about 33 per cent for producers, 62 per cent for primary consumers, and more than 100 per cent for secondary consumers.
	oz.plymouth.edu /~lts/ecology/lindeman42.html (7940 words)

	CHAPTER TEN
		RESPIRATION IN One of the major issues in the physiological ecology of aquatic aerobic animals is the availability of oxygen.
		Respiration in aquatic animals, then, is a look at physiological solutions to the problem of obtaining sufficient oxygen to support metabolic needs from an environment where oxygen is in short supply.
		From the perspective of environmental scientists, we note oxygen is one of the physical parameters of surface fresh water that change markedly in reaction to the various of the polluting chemicals regularly dumped into lakes, rivers and streams.
	entomology.unl.edu /ent801/aqresp.html (2434 words)

	GLOSSARY
		Aquatic algae are mostly microscopic plants that contain chlorophyll and grow by photosynthesis, and lack roots and stems (non-vascular), and leaves.
		Refers to the use of oxygen in an aquatic system, including the decomposition of organic matter and the use of oxygen by fish, algae, zooplankton, aquatic macrophytes and microorganisms for metabolism.
		DO levels are considered the most important and commonly employed measurement of water quality and indicator of a water body’s ability to support desirable aquatic life.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /energy/monograph1/Glossary.html (2178 words)

	Respiration (physiology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Respiration is the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its external environment (breathing).
		There are several ways to dichotomize the physiology of respiration:
		This page was last modified 11:49, 20 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Respiration_(physiology) (54 words)

	Coleoptera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Brigham WU 1982 Aquatic Coleoptera, pp 10.1-10-136 in Brigham AR, Brigham WU and Gnilka A (eds).
		Aquatic insects and oligochaetes of North and South Carolina.
		Aquatic Coleoptera, pp 399-473 in Merritt RW and Cummins KW (eds).
	www.lander.edu /RSfox/300coleopLec.html (1016 words)

	Stable Isotopes: Advances in Environmental Problem-Solving
		Stable isotope research has developed into a powerful multidisciplinary analytical tool for understanding numerous components and processes affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; in most cases providing additional important information on environmental processes that cannot be gained from concentration or traditional measurements.
		O is preferentially consumed by under ice aquatic respiration (Figure 2, line A).
		Trend line A shows aquatic community respiration (oxygen consumption) predominates in the lower reaches of the river, whereas trend line B reveals under-ice photosynthetic oxygen production is more important in the upper reaches.
	www.nwri.ca /reports/aeib/aeib-5-e.html (630 words)

	Aquatic Entomology
		Aquatic Entomology covers the taxonomy and ecology of the insects most commonly encountered in freshwater environments.
		Notes on: fundamentals of entomology and biology of common families and genera of aquatic insects found in Virginia.
		A major part of this course is a collection of aquatic insects (1/3 of grade).
	www.ento.vt.edu /~voshell/aquaticent (579 words)

	Least Oxygen Dependent
		In response to the intrinsic difficulties involved with aquatic respiration, aquatic insects have evolved a variety of morphological, physiological, phenological, and behavioral adaptations enabling them to become widespread in aquatic habitats with variable supplies of dissolved oxygen (Eriksen et al.
		Gas exchange in aquatic insects with closed respiratory systems requires that oxygen be absorbed through the cuticle of the insect's body wall.
		Respiration is strictly cutaneous in many of the smaller worm-shaped dipteran larvae, including chironomids, ceratopogonids, simuliids, chaoborids, as well as gill-less trichopteran and plecopteran larvae.
	ufbir.ifas.ufl.edu /Chap20.htm (1350 words)

	WOW \| Curricula \| Student \| Studying the Effect of Photosynthesis and Respiration on Aquatic Chemistry
		Effect of Photosynthesis and Respiration on Aquatic Chemistry
		The metabolic process by which organic carbon molecules are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water with a net release of energy.
		Adequate concentrations of dissolved oxygen are necessary for the life of fish and other aquatic organisms and the prevention of offensive odors.
	waterontheweb.org /curricula/bs/student/photo/study.html (1152 words)

	WOW \| Curricula \| Student \| Investigating Aquatic Respiration
		Aquatic respiration can have a profound effect on an ecosystem.
		Refers to the use of oxygen in an aquatic system including the decomposition of organic matter and the use of oxygen by fish, algae, zooplankton, aquatic macrophytes, and microorganisms for metabolism.','DEFINITION'); return true;" onMouseOut="nd(); return true;">aquatic respiration affects water chemistry in a laboratory setting.
		A lake association curious about the effects of aquatic respiration on its lake has hired you as a consulting biologist.
	www.waterontheweb.org /curricula/bs/student/aquatic/inquiry.html (1302 words)

	Respiratory system - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In humans and other mammals, the respiratory system consists of the lungs, the bronchi, which lead to the lungs, and the chest structures.
		They are all responsible for bringing air into and out of the lungs during respiration.
		The small depth of diffusion respiration sufficient to support the metabolism of an average human cell is less than a millimetre (0.04 in).
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Respiratory_system (815 words)

	McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Respiratory system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The lungs and gills are the two most important structures of vertebrates involved in the phase known as external respiration, or gaseous exchanges, between the blood and environment.
		Internal respiration refers to the gaseous exchanges which occur between the blood and cells.
		Certain species of fishes have a vascular rectum which is utilized as a respiratory structure, water being taken in and ejected regularly by the animal.
	www.accessscience.com /Encyclopedia/5/58/Est_583600_frameset.html (242 words)

	Amphibians (from respiration) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The living amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians) depend on aquatic respiration to a degree that varies with species, stage of development, temperature, and season.
		With the exception of a few frog species that lay eggs on land, all amphibians begin life as completely aquatic larvae.
		Respiration therapy is a medical specialty that is primarily concerned with administering anesthesia and aiding breathing.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=66211 (772 words)

	ASLO 2005 Summer Meeting in Spain - A Pilgrimage Through Global Aquatic Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The purpose of this session is to bring together aquatic ecologists who are developing and testing hypotheses that examine how major human stressors, such as climate warming, chemical pollution, invasive species, and land-use, interact to affect freshwater and marine ecosystems at the levels of physiology, population, community, and function.
		Respiration in aquatic ecosystems remains perhaps the largest gap in our understanding of the global carbon cycle, and as such, has received increasing attention in recent years.
		The increased focus on aquatic respiration has led in some case to the questioning of current paradigms, and more generally to a change in our conceptual and practical approach to assessing carbon dynamics and metabolism in aquatic ecosystems.
	www.aslo.org /meetings/santiago2005/special.html (13388 words)

	WOW \| Curricula \| Teacher \| Aquatic Respiration
		Refers to the use of oxygen in an aquatic system including the decomposition of organic matter and the use of oxygen by fish, algae, zooplankton, aquatic macrophytes, and microorganisms for metabolism.','DEFINITION'); return true;" onMouseOut="nd(); return true;">aquatic respiration.
		Notes: Respiration by visible organisms (minnows or aquaria fish) and by "invisible" organisms — bacteria — uses oxygen to oxidize organic materials and releases energy, water, and carbon dioxide:
		Refer students to this section of the Aquatic Respiration in a Lake Worksheet.
	wow.nrri.umn.edu /wow/teacher/aquatic/teaching.html (4206 words)

	DISSOLVED OXYGEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Dissolved oxygen is very important to the life of aquatic life because all aquatic organisms except some bacteria depend on it.
		Some organisms, such as the oyster, have been shown to withstand extremely low levels for long periods of time (1 ppm for up to 5 days), however levels of 5 to 6ppm are sufficient for most other species to survive.
		Respiration - All aquatic plants and animals use oxygen to respire, to break down food to release the energy required for cellular activity.
	www.qacps.k12.md.us /cms/sci/TESTO2.HTM (1214 words)

	Temperature relations of aerial and aquatic respiration in six littoral snails in respiration in six littoral snails in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Temperature relations of aerial and aquatic respiration in six littoral snails in respiration in six littoral snails in relation to their vertical zonation.
		The intertidal congeners, Littorina obtusata, L. littorea and L. saxatilis, have varying degrees of aerial and aquatic metabolic regulation with increasing temperature.
		Despite this, the temperature responses in respiration parallel the functional morphology of the pallial structures and the physiological patterns of response to low oxygen stress, as well as adaptive features of reproduction, larval development, water-control, and nitrogenous excretion.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/2694403.html (205 words)

	The gases in the environment (from respiration) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The range of respiratory problems faced by aquatic and terrestrial animals can be seen from the varying composition and physical characteristics of water and air.
		More results on "The gases in the environment (from respiration)" when you join.
		The term respiration also denotes the exchange of the respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=66201 (926 words)

	wiki/Aquatic respiration Definition / wiki/Aquatic respiration Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aquatic respiration refers to the processA process is a naturally occurring or designed sequence of operations or events, possibly taking up time, space, expertise or other resource, which produces some outcome.
		[click for more] whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen This article is about the element Oxygen, there is also an article for the TV channel/Cable Network for women, Oxygen Network.
		Oxygen is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol O and atomic number 8.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Aquatic_respiration (584 words)

	Goldfish Metabolism Lab
		Temperatures in aquatic ecosystems are relatively stable when compared to terrestrial systems, but aquatic animals have fewer behavioral mechanisms with which they can respond to temperature changes when they do occur.
		Aquatic ectotherms frequently respond to environmental temperature changes through physiological responses and acclimation rather than behavioral responses.
		Graham, J.B. 1974 Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus.
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/Crawford/ectothrm.htm (1385 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Long-term deposition of these acids is linked to adverse effects on aquatic organisms and plant life in areas with poor neutralizing (buffering) capacity.
		Aquatic ecosystem -- Any body of water, such as a stream, lake or estuary, and all organisms and nonliving components within it, functioning as a natural system.
		Aquatic habitat -- Habitat that occurs in free water.
	www.streamnet.org /pub-ed/ff/Glossary/index.html (18123 words)

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