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Topic: Aqueous humor

	Aqueous humour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aqueous humor fills these spaces within the anterior segment to provide nutrients to the lens and corneal endothelium, and its pressure maintains the convex shape of the cornea.
		The primary route for aqueous humour flow is first through the posterior chamber, then the narrow space between the posterior iris and the anterior lens (contributes to small resistance), through the pupil to enter the anterior chamber.
		Increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humour may occur due to an abnormal trabecular meshwork or to obliteration of the meshwork due to injury or disease of the iris.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aqueous_humor (606 words)

	eMedicine - Glaucoma, Complications and Management of Glaucoma Filtering : Article by Antonio Pascotto, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In this condition, the aqueous humor is diverted posteriorly toward the vitreous cavity, increasing the vitreous volume and shallowing the anterior chamber.
		In aqueous misdirection, a relative resistance to the anterior movement of the aqueous humor in the anterior vitreous face or the anterior hyaloid membrane probably occurs.
		The inability of the aqueous humor to pass from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber results in the forward movement of the peripheral iris and closure of the drainage angle.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic720.htm (11163 words)

	Aqueous Flow Routes - TRAVATAN® Ophthalmic solution // Healthcare Professionals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The aqueous humor is the sole source of nutrients and oxygen for the lens and posterior layers of the cornea.
		Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body.
		The aqueous humor is continually produced by the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and drained out of the eye.
	www.travatan.com /professional/aqueousFlowRoutes.asp (385 words)

	Aqueous Humor - A Closer Look at the Trabecular Meshwork - Glaucoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The fluid (aqueous humor - follow the blue arrow) is produced by the ciliary body where it flows into the anterior chamber and then out through a spongy tissue at the front of the eye called the trabecular meshwork into a drainage canal (dark blue region next to the trabecular meshwork).
		Anterior chamber — the region of the eye between the cornea and the lens that contains aqueous humor.
		Aqueous Humor — watery fluid that nourishes the interior of the front of the eye.
	www.ahaf.org /glaucoma/about/AqueousHumor.htm (302 words)

	Alteration of protein content in aqueous humor of glaucomatous rabbit’s eye treated with apraclonidine and diode laser ...
		Method: The aqueous humor was withdrawn from the anterior chamber of the glaucomatous rabbit’s eye immediately after treatment (first sample) and one week after treatment for the delay effects.
		The aqueous humor was studied for protein content using Bradford method and the changes in molecular structure of aqueous humor proteins were detected using gel permeation chromatography and electrophoretic mobility.
		Conclusion: we concluded from the results that the withdrawing of the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye in appreciable amount, the fluid is reformed with raising in the protein concentration.
	www.eyegypt.com /2001/files/g02.html (393 words)

	An Ophthalmological Explanation of REM Sleep
		I am proposing a completely different hypothesis: thermal circulation of the aqueous humor is needed for adequate corneal respiration, this circulation is suppressed when the lids are closed, and REM is required to stir the anterior chamber and thus prevent corneal anoxia during sleep.
		It has been shown that the aqueous humor is the main source of nutrients to the cornea; the direct supply from the blood at the limbus is negligible (Maurice, 1967, 1984).
		, its concentration in the plasma, assumed to be that in the aqueous at the iris surface.
	www.davidmaurice.org /papers/rem/rem-text.html (4561 words)

	Production and Drainage of Aqueous Humor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		These two layers of cells are sealed together by occluding junctions, and form a "tight" barrier between the posterior chamber of the eye and the blood vessels passing through the ciliary body and its processes.
		The peripheral part of the anterior chamber, between the cornea and the iris region is referred to as the filtration angle.
		The production of the aqueous humor is a constant process; and its removal is vitally important: the balance between production and drainage determines the intraocular pressure.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/EYE/AQUEOUS.HTM (474 words)

	Increased Interleukin-6 in Aqueous Humor of Neovascular Glaucoma -- Chen et al. 40 (11): 2627 -- Investigative ...
		in aqueous humor and 49.5 to 58.0 pg/ml in serum.
		in the aqueous humor of NVG secondary to ischemic retinal disease
		of IL-6 in aqueous humor with the rubeosis iridis of NVG secondary
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/40/11/2627 (3933 words)

	Aqueous humor
		Aqueous humor is made by the ciliary body.
		Aqueous humor is returned into the bloodstream through a tiny channel (Schlemm's canal) located under the trabecular meshwork.
		Aqueous humor is produced by and removed from the eye at a constant rate [about 1 tsp(5 mL) per day] to maintain a constant pressure in the front (anterior) chamber of the eye.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw153068.asp (220 words)

	Glaucoma: Causes - MayoClinic.com
		Aqueous humor is continuously produced and circulated through the anterior chamber before draining out of your eye.
		Aqueous humor exits your eye through a drainage system located at the angle formed where the iris and the cornea meet.
		It may be that the aqueous humor drains or is absorbed less efficiently with age, but not all older adults get this form of glaucoma.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/glaucoma/DS00283/DSECTION=3 (999 words)

	Comparative Ophthalmology Notes: Chapter 13 - Orbit and Globe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Aqueous humor not only maintains intraocular pressure (and part of the shape of the eye), but also serves as a carrier of metabolites to, and waste products from, the lens and cornea.
		Aqueous humor is secreted by the ciliary epithelium into the posterior chamber.
		Primary glaucoma: Cause is unknown; block in aqueous humor outflow is due to inherent defect in the globe.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /courses/vet_eyes/conotes/con_chapter_13.html (5715 words)

	EW Supplement 2004-10-01: Moxifloxacin effectively penetrates into the aqueous humor
		Aqueous humor samples were taken and chromatographically analyzed by HPLC.
		Aqueous humor fluoroquinolone concentration was calculated by peak comparison to the known concentration peak for ciprofloxacin (which was run as an internal standard).
		We concluded that moxifloxacin in commercial Vigamox penetrates into the aqueous humor with four times daily dosing to therapeutic effective kill levels, where gatifloxacin in Zymar does not.
	www.eyeworld.org /ewweeksupplementarticle.php?id=13 (446 words)

	Glaucoma Service Foundation: How Aqueous Humor Flows Chat Highlights
		The pressure in the blood vessels in the ciliary body of the eye is higher than in the eye, so fluid has a tendency to filter through the pores in the wall of the blood vessel and move into the posterior chamber (behind the iris) of the eye.
		As the fluid pressure in the eye goes up, there is less difference in the pressure in the vessels in the ciliary body from that of the posterior chamber of the eye and therefore less hydrostatic pressure pushing fluid into the eye.
		In a normal eye, the fluid in the front part of the eye, the aqueous humor, is produced and exits the eye in such a way that it exerts enough pressure to keep the eye properly formed without damaging it.
	www.wills-glaucoma.org /supportgroup/20010523.html (1422 words)

	Aqueous Humor Outflow Featured In Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
		Aqueous humor is produced within the eye and supplies nutrients to tissues in the front part of the eye.
		Aqueous humor exits the eye via two different pathways: through the trabecular meshwork and into Schlemm's canal or a pathway through the ciliary muscle and other downstream tissues.
		Understanding of the aqueous humor outflow pathways is imperative to understanding drainage problems in glaucoma.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=52836 (513 words)

	Humor definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Thus, the aqueous humor is the fluid normally present in the front and rear chambers of the eye.
		The humors ran through an ancient theory that held that health came from balance between the bodily liquids.
		The humors have been dispelled, except for the aqueous humor and vitreous humor of the eye.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3816 (192 words)

	Increasing aqueous humor outflow - Patent 4757089
		A method of increasing aqueous humor outflow in the eye of a human patient to treat glaucoma in said patient, said method comprising topically administering to said eye an outflow increasing amount of ethacrynic acid, or an analog of ethacrynic acid which
		A method of increasing aqueous humor outflow in the eye of a human patient to treat glaucoma in said patient, said method comprising administering by microinjection to the trabecular meshwork of said eye an outflow increasing amount of ethacrynic acid, or an analog of ethacrynic acid which
		Cellular or intercellular permeability to fluid flow in the aqueous outflow channels may be influenced by the state of cell membrane protein sulfhydryls.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4757089.html (2336 words)

	The Non-Invasive Measure of D-Glucose in the Ocular Aqueous Humor using Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy
		The ocular aqueous humor is a spectroscopically simpler medium, since there are fewer molecular species present which might interfere with the measurement of glucose concentration, and the cornea is essentially transparent to both near-infrared and visible wavelengths.
		Direct chemical analysis has shown that the glucose concentration in the ocular aqueous humor is proportional to the blood glucose concentration and tracks variations in blood glucose concentration quite promptly [4], so that blood glucose concentration can be inferred from the measurement of the glucose concentration in the aqueous humor.
		[5,6] proposed two different approaches for the measurement of glucose in the ocular aqueous humor involving measurement of effects of glucose on refractive index and measurement of the polarization effects, or optical activity, of the glucose present in the aqueous humor.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/pubs/newsletters/leos/apr98/dgloucose.htm (2558 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 1018
		In the fetus, a small vessel, the arteria hyaloidea, passes forward as a continuation of the arteria centralis retinæ through the vitreous humor to the posterior surface of the capsule of the lens.
		—The aqueous humor fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball.
		It is small in quantity, has an alkaline reaction, and consists mainly of water, less than one-fiftieth of its weight being solid matter, chiefly chloride of sodium.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page1018.html (801 words)

	Early Aqueous Humor Analysis in Patients with Human Ocular Toxoplasmosis -- Garweg et al. 38 (3): 996 -- Journal of ...
		the aqueous humors of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis are not
		Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humor by the polymerase chain reaction.
		Use of polymerase chain reaction assays of aqueous humor in the differential diagnosis of retinitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/38/3/996 (4580 words)

	Comparison of T helper/T suppressor ratios in aqueous humor and blood samples by flow cytometric analysis.
		Comparison of T helper/T suppressor ratios in aqueous humor and blood samples by flow cytometric analysis.
		Aqueous and peripheral venous blood samples were taken from 23 patients who were operated because of senile cataract.
		We think that high T suppressor concentration in aqueous humor plays an important role in the induction of the immunosuppressive microenvironment that occupies the anterior chamber of the eye.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/aug/M9780556.html (374 words)

	Aqueous humor definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Aqueous humor: In medicine, humor refers to a fluid (or semifluid) substance.
		The humors were part of an ancient theory that health came from balance between the bodily liquids.
		The humors have been dispelled, except for the aqueous humor.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10588 (237 words)

	Medical Humor(s) - Health and Medical Information produced by doctors - MedicineNet.com
		The aqueous humor and the vitreous humors are fluids within the eye.
		The aqueous humor is the watery fluid normally present in the chambers of the eye around the iris while the vitreous humor is the "glassy" fluid behind the lens in the eyeball.
		The humors (humours, in England) originated in an ancient theory that held that health came from a balance between the bodily liquids.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6836 (445 words)

	Current Concepts in Veterinary Ophthalmology; Canine and Feline Glaucoma, by Dr. D. Brooks - Alaskan Malamute Health
		Aqueous humor is produced in the ciliary body by active secretion and ultrafiltration of plasma.
		Most of the aqueous humor flows from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, to the anterior chamber, and exits at the iridocorneal angle into the intrascleral venous plexus.
		In most cases in dogs and cats, glaucoma is caused by obstruction of the aqueous humor outflow pathways.
	www.malamutehealth.org /articles/eye_glaucoma.htm (1786 words)

	Levofloxacin Disposition over Time in Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery -- Pea et al. 49 (6): 2554 ...
		Intracorneal, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor penetration of topical and oral ofloxacin.
		Prospective evaluation of external ocular microbial growth and aqueous humor contamination during cataract surgery.
		Aqueous humor levels of topically applied levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and lomefloxacin in the same human eyes.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/49/6/2554 (2385 words)

	Amazon.com: The Eye's Aqueous Humor: From Secretion to Glaucoma (Current Topics in Membranes, V. 45): Books: Mortimer ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This volume presents a basic consensus of how the aqueous humor is formed and exits through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm.
		The book emphasizes the phenomenon of the diurnal rhythm of aqueous humor formation, from both the clinical and molecular points of view.
		Research on the aqueous humor, how it is formed, the molecular biology of the transport components underlying aqueous humor dynamics, and clinical approaches to assessing transport processes.
	www.amazon.com /Eyes-Aqueous-Humor-Secretion-Membranes/dp/0121746755 (793 words)

	Glaucoma
		Possible side effects include mild reddening and stinging of the eyes and darkening of the iris, changes in the pigment of the eyelid skin, and blurred vision from swelling of the retina.
		In this procedure, a laser beam creates a small hole in your iris to allow aqueous humor to flow more freely into the anterior chamber where it then has normal access to the trabecular meshwork.
		Once aqueous humor can reach the trabecular meshwork again, the fluid can drain as it normally does.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00283.html (4815 words)

	Bremazocine Increases C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Aqueous Humor and Enhances Outflow Facility -- Potter et al. ...
		of ANP and BNP in aqueous humor and evoked an 80% increase in
		Topically administered BRE (1, 10, and 100 µg, bilaterally) causes dose-related increases in CNP in the aqueous humor of rabbits.
		Russell KRM, Moore TT, and Potter DE (2001) Elevation of atrial natriuretic peptide levels in aqueous humor of the rabbit by kappa opioid receptor agonists.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/309/2/548 (3642 words)

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