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	Aquifer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aquifers are typically saturated regions of the subsurface which produce an economically feasible quantity of water to a well or spring (e.g., sand and gravel or fractured bedrock often make good aquifer materials).
		Unconfined aquifers usually receive recharge water directly from the surface, from precipitation or from a body of surface water (e.g., a river, stream, or lake) which is in hydraulic connection with it.
		Aquifers that provide sustainable fresh groundwater to urban areas and for agricultural irrigation are typically close to the ground surface (within a couple of hundred meters) and have some recharge by fresh water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aquifer (1758 words)

	Reading Sand and Gravel Aquifer Maps - Maine Geological Survey
		Aquifer maps and texts from the Maine Geological Survey contain information on aquifer favorability and vulnerability and are widely used by local and state officials in making environmentally sound siting decisions, and by well drillers, developers, and geological consultants as a base for detailed hydrogeological studies.
		The boundaries of the aquifers are drawn by a geologist based, in part, on the well data shown on the aquifer map, and on areas of sand and gravel shown on surficial geology and surficial materials maps.
		The aquifer mapper begins with the materials and surficial geology information and decides which of the sand and gravel deposits have the potential to be "significant" aquifers.
	www.state.me.us /doc/nrimc/mgs/mapuse/aquifers/aq-read.htm (1703 words)

	Aquifer (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is hydrogeology.
		Aquifer depletion is a global problem, and is especially critical in northern Africa; see the Great Manmade River project of Libya for an example.
		The Ogallala Aquifer of the central United States is one of the world's great aquifers, but is being rapidly depleted (especially in Texas), for growing municipal use, and continuing agricultural use.
	aquifer.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1409 words)

	What is an Aquifer?
		Aquifers must be both permeable and porous and include such rock types as sandstone, conglomerate, fractured limestone and unconsolidated sand and gravel.
		An aquifer is filled with moving water and the amount of water in storage in the aquifer can vary from season to season and year to year.
		Aquifers are natural filters that trap sediment and other particles (like bacteria) and provide natural purification of the ground water flowing through them.
	imnh.isu.edu /digitalatlas/hydr/concepts/gwater/aquifer.htm (1301 words)

	SWAP: Aquifer Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The sand and gravel aquifer is the primary source of water for Santa Rosa and Escambia Counties in the western panhandle of Florida.
		The aquifer consists of sand and gravel with interbedded layers of silt and clay.
		The Biscayne Aquifer is the primary source of water for all of Dade and Broward Counties and the southern portion of Palm Beach County.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /swapp/Aquifer.asp (844 words)

	Ogallala Aquifer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Present-day recharge of the aquifer with fresh water occurs at a slow rate; this implies that much of the water in its pore spaces is paleowater, dating back to the last ice age.
		In many locations, the aquifer is overlain, in the vadose zone, with a shallow layer of caliche that is practically impermeable; this limits the amount of water able to recharge the aquifer from the land surface.
		Increased oversight and regulation of the aquifer by the federal government does not appear to be forthcoming, though the economic and environmental implications of the potential decline of the "world's breadbasket" are significant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ogallala_Aquifer (1203 words)

	aquifer-reserve
		In unconfined aquifer system of hard rock terrain ground water occurrence mainly depends upon thickness of weathered material, its physical and chemical composition and its saturation.
		In the study area, principal aquifer system is unconfined in nature and groundwater occurs under the water table condition.
		In case we exceed the replenished limit, then recharge to the aquifer is to be increased to that limit.
	www.geocities.com /ashok_bcst/aquifer-reserve/Aquifer-reserve.htm (2382 words)

	SOFIA - WRI Report 78-107 - Biscayne aquifer
		The Biscayne aquifer is composed of limestone, sandstone, and sand.
		The approximate areal distribution of transmissivity of the aquifer is shown in figure 5.
		The decrease in transmissivity to the west is due to the thinning of the aquifer.
	sofia.usgs.gov /publications/wri/78-107/biscayne.html (1080 words)

	Introduction to the Edwards Aquifer
		The Edwards Aquifer is an underground layer of porous, honeycombed, water-bearing rock that is between 300-700 feet thick.
		The San Antonio segment of the Aquifer extends in a 160 mile arch-shaped curve from Brackettville in the west to near Kyle in the northeast, and is between five and 40 miles wide at the surface.
		Water moves generally from southwest to northeast through the Aquifer (see Flowpath Map), and there are a number of barrier faults that make it difficult for waters in the various units of the Aquifer to mix together.
	www.edwardsaquifer.net /intro.html (2496 words)

	4. Aquifer recharge with wastewater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For systems A and B in Figure 11, this could be achieved by ensuring that all the renovated water is intercepted by the surface or subsurface drain, which would result from excavating or installing the drain deeply enough to make sure that groundwater on the other side of the drain also moves toward the drain.
		In the case of system D in Figure 11, movement of renovated sewage water into the aquifer outside the circle of wells can be prevented by pumping the wells at sufficient rate so that there is movement of native groundwater outside the SAT system toward the wells.
		Aquifers should be sufficiently deep and transmissive to prevent excessive rises of the groundwater table (mounding) due to infiltration.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0551E/t0551e06.htm (3895 words)

	Florida aquifers - Plant Management in Florida Waters
		Groundwater released from the aquifers sustains thousands of ecosystems, and is an essential resource for human health, outdoor recreation, industry and agriculture.
		Surficial aquifers are recharged locally as the water-table fluctuates in response to drought or rainfall.
		The principal artesian aquifer is the largest, oldest, and deepest aquifer in the southeastern U.S. Ranging over 100,000 square miles, it underlies all of Florida and parts of southern Alabama, southeastern Georgia, and southern South Carolina.
	aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu /guide/aquifers.html (1299 words)

	About the Edwards Aquifer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Edwards Aquifer is intensely faulted and fractured carbonate limestone that
		The Edwards aquifer and its catchment area in the San Antonio region is about 8,000 square miles and includes all or part of 13 counties in south-central Texas.
		The recharge and artesian areas of the Edwards aquifer underlie the six counties south and east of the Balconces fault escarpment.
	www.saws.org /our_water/aquifer/aboutaquifer.shtml (268 words)

	South Florida's Biscayne Aquifer - What is an Aquifer? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An aquifer is defined as a "body of rock or regolith sufficiently permeable to conduct economically significant quantities of groundwater to springs or wells" (Skinner, 1999).
		It is also a coastal aquifer because it merges with the floor of Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
		The aquifer is threatened by contaminants such as: septic tank drainage, runoff from landfills, dumps and sewage, pesticides, fertilizers, gasoline and other chemicals.
	iml.jou.ufl.edu /projects/Spring04/Paquet/aquifer.html (306 words)

	Aquifers - Ground water: Minnesota DNR
		Aquifers are defined as water-bearing porous soil or rock strata that yield significant amounts of water to wells.
		Unconfined aquifers are the saturated portions of the upper soil profile located above a confining layer.
		Confined aquifers are separated from the atmosphere by a very slowly permeable or rock (aquitard) called a confining layer.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /groundwater/aquifers.html (185 words)

	High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1 - The Ogallala Aquifer
		The Ogallala aquifer not only includes the portion of the Ogallala that is saturated with water, but may also include saturated portions of the overlying and underlying formations that are hydraulically connected to the Ogallala.
		This interval is determined by subtracting the elevation of the base of the aquifer from the elevation of the water table at a point of interest.
		The interplaya areas generally contribute a minimum of the recharge, except for areas of exceptional accumulation of precipitation with resultant extensive percolation of water to the water table in locations where streambeds and dune areas are common.
	www.hpwd.com /the_ogallala.asp (1656 words)

	CT DEP: Aquifer Protection Program
		Connecticut’s Aquifer Protection Program protects major public water supply wells in sand and gravel aquifers to ensure a plentiful supply of public drinking water for present and future generations.
		Aquifer Protection Areas (sometimes referred to as “wellhead protection areas”) will be designated around the state’s 120 active well fields in sand and gravel aquifers that serve more than 1000 people.
		They are responsible for appointing an aquifer protection agency, inventorying land uses within the aquifer protection area, designating the aquifer protection area boundary, and adopting and implementing local land use regulations.
	www.dep.state.ct.us /wtr/aquiferprotection/index.htm (958 words)

	Greater Edwards Aquifer Alliance - Our Drinking Water
		The water in aquifers, rivers and lakes should not be privatized nor treated as a mere commodity to be sold or traded for commercial purpose.
		The flows of the Aquifer and its contributing streams are managed to sustain spring flows, native wildlife, and downstream water needs, including the freshwater needs of coastal bay and estuary ecosystems.
		Rather, should development over the aquifer proceed, the recommendations in Exhibit B must be implemented to minimize as much as possible the degradation of water quality that accompanies development.
	www.aquiferalliance.org /p_Protection_Plan.cfm (4489 words)

	SUGAR HOLLOW AQUIFER IN DANBURY, REDDING AND RIDGEFIELD, CONNECTICUT
		Most of this aquifer is of coarse-grained texture, considered favorable for well field development, and was recommended for test drilling by the Region's engineering consultants.
		The aquifer is composed of interbedded fine to coarse sand, gravel, silt and clay.
		The aquifer portions within and near Ridgefield are beneath tributaries to the Saugatuck River.
	www.hvceo.org /water/AQUIFERSUGARHOLLOW.php (1426 words)

	EDWARDS AQUIFER LOCATION MAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Edwards Aquifer is approximately 160 miles long measuring from Brackettville to Kyle and varies in width from 5 to 40 miles.
		The Edwards Aquifer is designated by the EPA as a "sole source" drinking water supply for the 1.5 million people of San Antonio and the Austin-San Antonio corridor.
		The aquifer is also vital to the agricultural and light industrial economy of the region.
	www.atmos.umd.edu /~owen/CHPI/IMAGES/EA-location.html (193 words)

	Buried Valley Aquifer System
		The Buried Valley Aquifer Systems are located in the Piedmont Province, except for the streamflow source zone which is essentially the same as the Rockaway River watershed in the Highlands Province.
		The primary ground water resources for the Buried Valley Aquifer Systems are contained in the Brunswick Formation of eastern Morris and Western Essex Counties (shale and sandstone), the carbonate rocks of western Morris County (dolomitic limestone) and the Pleistocene deposits of the area.
		Since the Buried Valley Aquifer Systems is composed of hydraulically interconnected, permeable formations, the systems is especially vulnerable to the introduction and dissemination of this contaminated recharge.
	www.epa.gov /region02/water/aquifer/burval/buryval.htm (4022 words)

	NJDEP - New Jersey Geological Survey - Aquifer Recharge Mapping
		An aquifer is a body of geologic material that can supply useful quantities of ground water to natural springs and water wells.
		Aquifer recharge is the process by which rainwater seeps down through the soil into an underlying aquifer.
		There are many natural processes that determine how much rainwater actually reaches and replenishes an aquifer instead of being evaporated, consumed by plants and animals, or simply running off the ground surface into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans.
	www.nj.gov /dep/njgs/enviroed/aqfrchrg.htm (481 words)

	Principal Aquifers of the 48 Conterminous United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
		An aquifer is a geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated, permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs.
		Each principal aquifer is classified as one of six types of permeable geologic material: unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel, semiconsolidated sand, sandstone, carbonate rocks, interbedded sandstone and carbonate rocks, or basalt and other types of volcanic rock.
		Information on aquifer types can be found on the Aquifer Basics page, and further water science information is available from the USGS Ground Water Information Pages, from the USGS Learning Web Explorers Water page, and from the Ground Water Atlas of the United States.
	www.nationalatlas.gov /mld/aquifrp.html (306 words)

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