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Topic: Arab empire

	The Great History of the Arab People and Civilization
		The Arab homeland stretches some 5,000 miles— nearly twice the distance between New York and San Francisco—from the Atlantic coast of northern Africa in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to Central Africa in the south.
		The primary objective of the Arab League, as it is commonly called, is to facilitate maximum integration among the Arab countries through coordination of their activities in the political sphere as well as in the fields of economics, social services, education, communications, development, technology and industrialization.
		A native of Tunisia, a government official at the Arab courts of Granada, Morocco and Algeria, Ibn Khaldun became the chief justice of the Mamluk sultans of Egypt.
	www.middleeastnews.com /intoarab101.html (5240 words)

	Caliph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This made it one of the largest empires in the history of West Eurasia, extending its entire breadth.
		As the Ottoman Empire grew in size and strength, Ottoman rulers beginning with Mehmed II began to claim caliphal authority.
		Their claim was strengthened when the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517 and took control of most Arab lands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islamic_empire (3129 words)

	Asia Times
		Another characteristic of Arab nationalism is its affinity with Islam, which is partly due to the historical-cultural tradition of the Arab and Islamic worlds and partly the consequence of vicissitudes of religion and of national groups in the modern era.
		Arab nationalism is heading for non-secularization and non-Westernization under the influence of the long-established and firmly rooted Islamic culture, which has produced an impact upon the national consciousness, national psychology, national feelings and the life style of Arabs.
		Both the Islamic and the Arab world were coated with Cold War politics, which meant that conservative Islamic nations tried to pursue their national interests by alignment with the United States and radical nationalist nations managed to secure national security by means of a closer relationship with the Soviet Union.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/DK22Ak05.html (5626 words)

	Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity by Martin Kramer
		The Arab nationalist state under Faysal in Damascus proved to be chaotic, and his subsequent reign in Iraq rested on the bayonets of the British.
		It is only when the Arabs succeed in ridding themselves of the highly idealized Arab nationalist vision of their past that they will be able to live together in the modern Arab world as a coherent political community whose various members relate to one another constructively and without reserve.
		Arab nationalism acknowledged them as fellow Arabs, but it glorified precisely that "golden age" of Arab history that the Shi'ites mourned as disastrous, during which their heroes were martyred by the very same caliphs lionized in Arab nationalist historiography.
	www.geocities.com /martinkramerorg/ArabNationalism.htm (12947 words)

	Sicilian Peoples: The Arabs - Best of Sicily Magazine - Moors and Saracens in Sicilian History
		With the emergence of the Byzantine Empire, groups of Arabs lived in bordering areas in the Arabian peninsula and parts of what are now Iraq, Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt.
		Arab Sicily, by 948 governed from Bal'harm with little intervention from Qayrawan (Kairouan), was one of Europe's most prosperous regions --intellectually, artistically and economically.
		Yet, the mass immigration of north-African Arabs (and Berbers) was the greatest Sicilian immigration since that of the ancient Greeks, leaving today's Sicilians as Saracen as Hellenic.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art168.htm (2458 words)

	Total - Energies - Article
		Arab astrologers, who were very close to the circles of power, welcomed these scientific advances and used them as a basis for their predictions.
		People living in the Arab Empire enjoyed freedom of movement, which was conducive to scientific rihla, where both scholars and students journeyed from one centre of learning to another.
		Arab scientific texts were still circulating in the 17th century, but by then the Golden Age of Arab Science was long over.
	www.total.com /energies/N9/en/culture/details/index.htm (1712 words)

	Arab Claims to Palestine
		To the Arab rulers and their non-Arab successors, Palestine was a battleground, a corridor, sometimes an outpost, its people a source of taxes and of some manpower for the waging of endless foreign and internecine wars.
		The Persians and the Turks of the Abbasid Empire, the Berbers and the Egyptians of the Fatimid Empire, had no interest at all in the provincial backwater except for what could be squeezed out of it for the imperial exchequer or the imperial army.
		Whatever the precise definitions of the cultural historians, the Arab Empire certainly ushered in a cultural era that illuminated the Middle Ages.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~samuel/arabclaims.html (1969 words)

	Game News :: Civilization IV details
		The Arab empire of the medieval period was far more advanced than contemporary Europeans; Harun al-Rashid's Baghdad may have held a million people at the same time that Charlemagne's Aachen was a "capital" of ten thousand.
		The Mali Empire was located on the Mandinka plateau in West Africa, situated in the southern part of the modern Republic of Mali.
		Previously, it had been part of the empire of Ghana, which flourished between the seventh and eleventh centuries, based on the trade of gold from the interior for salt from the coastal regions.
	home.nestor.minsk.by /game/news/2005/10/2115.html (2634 words)

	US Turns Away from Arab Reforms - Empire? - Global Policy Forum
		With the re-election of U.S. President George W. Bush and his hard-line administration, a shift appears to have taken place in U.S. strategic thinking in accordance with which economic, and not political reform is to be given precedence.
		While the smaller, less influential states of North Africa and the Gulf signed on to the programme with varying caveats, regional heavyweights Egypt and Saudi Arabia were less accommodating, particularly given the initiative's ambiguous approach to implementation.
		Arab League chief Moussa called the revised document "more readable and easy to understand." For once, he said, "the U.S. was open to our points of view, and the new document was free of the points that aroused the angry attention of those from this region.
	www.globalpolicy.org /empire/analysis/2005/0103arabreforms.htm (1779 words)

	Why the Middle East Is So Volatile - Middle East Quarterly - December 2000
		Though styling themselves representatives of the "Arab nation," Sharif Husayn and his sons were no champions of national liberation but rather imperialist aspirants anxious to exploit a unique window of opportunity to substitute their own empire for that of the Ottomans.
		Trouble is, Muhammad ‘Ali, the celebrated nineteenth century Egyptian governor, did not speak Arabic and did not identify as an Arab; and Faysal, as we have seen, was not an Arab nationalist seeking to liberate the "Arab nation" but an aspiring imperialist seeking to substitute his empire for that of the Ottomans.
		The Arab state system, as demonstrated by its extraordinary resistance to ideological assaults, is anything but "pan-"; rather it is a regional state system of the kind that underpins the contemporary international order around the globe.
	www.meforum.org /article/51 (4718 words)

	Islam, The Arab Empire Of The Umayyads
		Arab brethren in a combined assault on the two empires.
		Arab conquests, but they were not driven by a desire to win converts to it.
		Arab victories in the Fertile Crescent region and the defection of the Arab
	history-world.org /islam11.htm (3619 words)

	Holding Up Arab Reform - Empire? - Global Policy Forum
		While heartfelt, it's there to give political cover to the Arab authors for their clear-eyed critique of Arab governance, which is the other 90 percent of the report.
		So there you have it: a group of serious Arab intellectuals - who are neither sellouts nor bomb throwers - has produced a powerful analysis, in Arabic, of the lagging state of governance in the Arab world.
		But Bush officials, along with Arab autocrats, are holding it up until it is modified to their liking - even if that means it won't appear at all.
	www.globalpolicy.org /empire/un/2004/1216holdup.htm (879 words)

	THE SPIRITUAL ARAB IMPERIALISM
		Though the concept of Jehad that the Prophet Muhammad devised, is unjust and anti-human, it served as the tool to establish a Secular Arab Empire, which by its nature, ultimately leads to the creation of a Spiritual Arab Empire the same way as a larva eventually develops into a butterfly.
		Thus, this device was invented to create a Secular Arab Empire where Islamic laws were enforced to install Muhammad as the fountain of political and legal authority, and people could be psychologically manipulated to believe in his Prophethood for forging a Spiritual Arab Empire, as well.
		The divineness of Mecca imbued the Arabs with an aura of holiness, which was made distinct by such hadiths that all Muslims must love Arabia, and those who begrudge it, they shall be deprived of the Prophet's intercessory blessings, and thus rot in hell.
	www.investigateislam.com /spiritual_arab_imperialism.htm (5175 words)

	Islamic Empire \| Islamic Rule \| Islamic States \| Questia.com Online Library
		...Sicker examines the thousand-year ascendancy of Islam from the Arab conquests to the zenith of Ottoman expansionism under Suleiman the Magnificent.
		Arabs, Persians, and the Advent of the Abbasids Reconsidered, in The Journal of the American Oriental Society » Read Now
		...as defenders of an Islamic empire and the Abbasids...classes of the Sasanid empire were revived within an Islamic framework.
	www.questia.com /library/religion/islamic-empire.jsp (626 words)

	Arabs: The Arab Empire
		Unsettling: how self-delusion led Israel and America to disastrous occupations of Arab lands.(The Accidental Empire: Israel and the......
		Empire builder: a new book suggests a Euro-Arab investment company for the region.(Investment Banking)
		Germany and the Arab question in the First World War.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0856671.html (380 words)

	[No title]
		Arabs: originally, the ethnic groups who lived in the Arabian peninsula; later, all speakers of the Arabic language from Morocco to Syria
		Arab tribe engaged in trading with the interior of the Arabian peninsula (camel caravans)
		The Arabs were the barbarians that successfully exploited the weakness of the Byzantines and Sassanids after many centuries of war (or like the USA that exploited the continuous warfare between Britain and Germany)
	www.thymos.com /know/logos2.html (4854 words)

	Sectarianism: Sunnis and Shi`ites
		Strong theme of martyrdom and suffering, focusing on deaths of Husayn and other important figures in Shi'ite succession.
		During the last centuries the existing Ismaeli line became very westernized and moderate, under the leadership of the Aga Khan.
		Large economic empire, profits channeled to charitable work, especially development projects in East Africa.
	www.acs.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/I_Transp/IO6_Shia.html (389 words)

	EAST: EASTERN ROMAN / BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ARAB ISLAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		EAST: EASTERN ROMAN / BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ARAB ISLAM
		f INVASIONS: North, Normans, Arabs, Muslim Turks (Seljuks, Ottomans)
		4 Islam after 22 years = Synthesis: Judeo-Christian Monotheism + Latent Arab nationalism
	www.harding.edu /USER/jmfortner/WWW/HIST385HO7East3CulturesWord.htm (565 words)

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