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Topic: Arab Jews

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	The Jews of the Arab World
		We know that there was an Arab Jewish community in New York prior to the establishment of Israel and that the Arab Jews who managed to emigrate here from Israel were absorbed by that community.
		The rise of Arab nationalism and the forceful rise of Islam did not create a less problematic condition for diverse minorities, who have also suffered, but for the Arab Jews, it has been one of the most complicated stories, precisely because of the establishment of the state of Israel.
		Traditionally, the way that Arab Jews have related to their environment is to completely integrate themselves into it and you can see this during the periods of their greatest cultural creativity, in Spain and Iraq.
	www.bintjbeil.com /articles/en/021016_arabjews.html (1174 words)

	"The Other Refugees: Jews of the Arab World" by George E. Gruen
		As a result of these events, the Jews of Arab countries in effect became political refugees, that is, persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution and consequently fled untenable, often life-threatening, political situations in their countries of origin.
		Jews were squeezed out of government employment, limited in schools, and subjected to imprisonment, heavy fines, or sequestration of their property on the flimsiest charges of being connected to either or both of the two banned movements.
		The Jews that remained within the confines of other Arab states after the mass exoduses of the late 1940s and early 1950s experienced periods of marked hardship, violence and discrimination interspersed with periods of relative quiet, mirroring the ebb and flow of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the domestic political and economic situations.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/jl102.htm (3816 words)

	Jews sans frontieres: Arab Jewish refugees?
		Arab Jews) as refugees in the Middle East conflict.
		Justice for Jews from Arab Countries (JJAC), a U.S.-based coalition of Jewish organizations, is one of the groups coordinating the campaign which aims to record testimonies of Jews from Arab countries, list asset losses and lobby foreign governments on their behalf.
		In contrast, Arab Jews arrived to Israel under the initiative of the State of Israel and Jewish organizations.
	jewssansfrontieres.blogspot.com /2006/10/arab-jewish-refugees.html (2061 words)

	The Treatment of Jews in Arab / Islamic Countries
		When the Jews of Medina refused to convert and rejected Muhammad, two of the major Jewish tribes were expelled; in 627, Muhammad's followers killed between 600 and 900 of the men, and divided the surviving Jewish women and children amongst themselves.
		Jews were generally viewed with contempt by their Muslim neighbors; peaceful coexistence between the two groups involved the subordination and degradation of the Jews.
		When Jews were perceived as having achieved too comfortable a position in Islamic society, antiSemitism would surface, often with devastating results: On December 30, 1066, Joseph HaNagid, the Jewish vizier of Granada, Spain, was crucified by an Arab mob that proceeded to raze the Jewish quarter of the city and slaughter its 5,000 inhabitants.
	www.bibletopics.com /biblestudy/99.htm (1372 words)

	American Sephardi Federation > Sources > Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries
		Discrimination against Jews in Arab countries took a dramatic turn for the worse in 1948 after the birth of the State of Israel.
		Between the 1940s and 1980s, the Jews of Arab countries endured humiliation, discrimination, human rights abuses, organized persecution and expulsion by the governments of the countries of their origin.
		Arab states have refused to acknowledge these human rights violations and provide relief to the hundreds of thousands of Jews who were forced to abandon their homes, businesses and possessions as they fled those countries.
	www.americansephardifederation.org /sub/sources/jewish_refugees.asp (1169 words)

	Why Jews Fled the Arab Countries - Middle East Quarterly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yemeni persecution of Jews prompted a trickle of Jewish emigration to Palestine from the third quarter of the nineteenth century on.
		The Jews of Yemen, relying on their own means, sufferng losses of life and deprivations, traversed the desert to Aden by foot and on donkeys.
		Thus Israel gathers in the Jews from Arab countries and the Arab countries are obliged in turn to settle the Palestinians within their own borders and work towards a solution of the problem".
	www.meforum.org /article/263 (4943 words)

	Mizrahi Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In many Arab countries there was a social distinction between Spanish-speaking Sephardim arriving after the expulsion from Spain in 1492 and the older Arabic-speaking communities.
		One argument against the term "Arab Jews" is that some of the communities referred to originated as early as the Babylonian captivity (6th century BCE), thus antedating the Arab Muslim conquest by a millennium.
		Reflections by an Arab Jew - On being Mizrahi (pro-Arab identity) by Ella Habiba.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arab_Jews (1559 words)

	JLSA: The Forgotten Exodus: Jews From Arab Lands
		Land was seized from the Jews and the Jews had their civil and political rights taken away.
		Jews in Arab nations were forced to forfeit the lives they had worked so hard to achieve -- to abandon their homes and livelihoods.
		However, the fact that Israel chose to absorb and assimilate the refugees from Arab nations does not lessen the fact that they were all expelled or otherwise compelled to leave their homelands.
	wings.buffalo.edu /law/jlsa/jews_arab_lands.htm (3410 words)

	The Forgotten Narrative: Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries - Avi Beker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Many Jews were imprisoned and some hanged on the same "charge"; in 1948 the richest Jew in Iraq, Shafiq Adas, received the death penalty for "Zionist and communist crimes." His execution by hanging was a clear message that Jews had no future in the country.
		The Arabs' claim of a right of return for the Palestinian refugees relies on false premises: that there is such a right under international law, that it was granted to the Palestinians in UN resolutions, and that Israel is responsible for creating the refugee problem.
		The Arab armies entered Palestine to protect the Palestinians from Zionist tyranny, but instead they abandoned them, forced them to emigrate and to leave their homeland, imposed upon them a political and ideological blockade and threw them into prisons similar to the ghettos in which the Jews used to live in Eastern Europe....
	www.jcpa.org /jpsr/jpsr-beker-f05.htm (6455 words)

	Worldandnation: Arab Jews lost in the negotiations
		The flight of an estimated 800,000 Arab Jews "is not well known in the rest of the world," concedes Jacob Efrati, a Jew who was born in Libya.
		Over the next few years, Arab countries saw the departure of most of their Jewish residents, about 600,000 of whom settled in the new Jewish state.
		Jews had lived there since 586 B.C. when Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, captured Jerusalem, destroyed the first Jewish temple and drove the exiles hundreds of miles across the desert.
	www.sptimes.com /News/080300/Worldandnation/Arab_Jews_lost_in_the.shtml (1028 words)

	One Arab World :: V…. for Vendetta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Jews would certainly not be allowed into the city ever again (like they are not allowed in certain other "religious" Arab countries).
		To me it looks like a lost game for the Arab side: either there was discrimination against Jews in the Arab world and thus a reason for Jews to have their own country, or there was not, in which case Jews could have bought their own country and nobody could have stopped them.
		Arabs and Jews could have lived side by side in one country, when neither side is a real minority.
	onearabworld.blog.com /625764 (6597 words)

	Arab and Muslim Anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism - A Study
		The facile explanation of Muslim and Arab anti-Semitism is that it is caused by Zionism.
		The Arabs of Palestine and the Muslim world in general did not raise objections to British control of the holy places in Jerusalem, and only grew to hate the British because they were viewed as agents of Jewish aspirations.
		Jews who were allies of the ruling class, such as land agents in Eastern Europe, were objects of hate for the peasants.
	www.zionism.netfirms.com /ArabAntiZionism.htm (4893 words)

	JIMENA - Who is an Arab Jews? Albert Memmi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The truth, since I am obliged to return to it, is that from the outset we were a minority in a hostile environment; as such, we underwent all the fears, the agonies, and the constant sense of frailty of the underdog.
		But the Jews were at the mercy not only of the monarch but also of the man in the street.
		During the colonial period, the life of Jews took on a certain measure of security, even among the poorest classes, whereas traditionally only the rich Jews, those from the European part of town, were able to live reasonably well.
	www.sullivan-county.com /x/aj1.htm (3007 words)

	Who Is Responsible — the Jews or the Zionists?
		In fact, it is because of the openness of the Arab culture and the moderation of Islam that throughout history many oppressed minorities from Europe sought and found refuge in the Arab countries e.g.
		Jews, Armenians, Caucasians and others, and the Golden Age of the Jews was achieved within the Golden Age of Islam.
		Jews should be the first to be extremely concerned with this confusion and mix-up and what Israel is doing “in their name.” It is foremost in their interest to face this challenge and not bury their heads in the sand, because they will be the first ones to pay the price dearly.
	www.arabnews.com /?page=9§ion=0&article=49009&d=28&m=7&y=2004 (2412 words)

	Arab Jews
		The question of Arab Jews strikes at the heart of the Zionist contradiction -- an attempt to build an anti- Arab, exclusively Jewish state on Arab lands.
		These Arab Jews were given the name Mizrahim (the eastern ones).
		Of course these acts of terror by the Zionist movement did not happen in isolation from the corrupt Arab governments of the time, most of which were supported by the British, who had overtly backed the Zionist movement with the Balfour declaration of 1917.
	www.jews-for-allah.org /Jews-not-for-Judaism/Arab_Jews.htm (1476 words)

	1967 War - impact on Jews in Arab countries
		With the exception of Syria and Iraq where the Jews were kept as virtual hostages, the vast majority of the remaining Jews of Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia fled in the aftermath of the war, bringing communities established since Biblical times to the brink of extinction.
		The defeat of the Arabs by Israel in the war of 1967 led to another frightening reign of terror against the Jews.
		Jews were being detained, he was told, for their own safety and protection.
	www.sixdaywar.co.uk /jews_in_arab_countries_intro.htm (1431 words)

	JTA NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Attias, whose International Committee of Jews from Arab Lands is part of the American Sephardi Federation, won approval for the suit at a meeting of the World Sephardi Federation, an umbrella group for organizations of Jews from Middle Eastern and North African nations.
		After the war, the vehement Arab reaction to the 1947 U.N. plan to partition Palestine and to the establishment of the Jewish state the following year prompted widespread insecurity and a mass exodus of Jews from Arab lands.
		Many of the Arab states made it difficult for Jews to emigrate, forcing clandestine operations or in the case of Iraq, stripping the departing Jews of all their assets and possessions.
	www.jta.org /story.asp?id=020618-arab (1479 words)

	One Arab World :: Munich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Israel was not a reaction to Arab hostility.
		European Jews had the choice of not moving to Palestine (but the alternative was really bad) and the Arab Jews could have remained in Arab countries (in those countries where they were not expelled; but it would have meant living like the other minorities, which was NOT acceptable).
		Arabs have a lot to be proud of, but what many are currently fighting for is not part of that.
	onearabworld.blog.com /500373 (4441 words)

	Jews in the Arab world
		The history of Jewish communities in the Arab world is not widely known and tends to be denied or played down by Arabs, often for political reasons.
		Islam and the Jews: The Pact of Umar
		Jew: There is no scientific definition: a Jew is whoever wishes to be a Jew and calls himself a Jew.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/background/jews.htm (857 words)

	ISLC and Justice for Jews from Arab Countries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Securing rights and redress for Jews displaced from Arab countries is an issue that has not yet been adequately addressed by the international community.
		In fact, there were more former Jewish refugees uprooted from Arab countries (over 850,000) than there were Palestinians who became refugees as a result of the 1948 war when six Arab nations attacked the fledgling State of Israel.
		This is also very important as the Arabs push to develop a new state in the Middle East; we must show documentation of the numerous Jewish claims to the United Nations, claims from Middle Eastern and North African refugees--the Jews.
	www.sephardiccouncil.org /jjac.html (439 words)

	EJP \| News \| London showcases Arab Jews plight
		An international conference promoting the rights of Jews from Arab lands, held in London, is intended to be the springboard for a worldwide campaign to highlight their plight.
		Organised by the World Organization for Jews from Arab Countries and Justice for Jews from Arab Countries, Jewish representatives from 14 nations met to create the steering committee for the International Campaign for Rights and Redress.
		The Jews from Arab lands were expelled or fled when Israel was created.
	www.ejpress.org /article/news/3277 (563 words)

	Faith Freedom International :: View topic - the Arab Jews lived in perfect harmony with the Arab Moslem
		The Arab Jews have never wanted to found a separate country and are full of trusting friendship for the Moslem Arab." This is doubly untrue.
		In other words, the Arabs' official position, whether implicit or out in the open, brutal or subtle, is nothing other than the perpetuation of the antisemitism we have already experienced (as Arab Jews).
		I simply want to remind my readers that because we are born in these so called Arab countries and have been living in those regions long before the arrival of the Arabs, we share their languages, their customs, and their cultures to an extent that is not negligible.
	www.faithfreedom.org /forum/viewtopic.php?t=33157 (1570 words)

	Comments on 3512 \| MetaFilter
		Local Arab Jews, though not the best friends of Arab Muslims, share a lot of cultural ties, which keeps their relationship relatively less tense.
		Jews in Iran routinely sell alcohol to Iranian upper class Muslims and have more social interraction than is reported in the west.
		The political tide in Israel is shifting in favor of the Arab Jews (who were mostly working and middle class) from the elite European Settlers.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/3512 (874 words)

	[No title]
		The extreme reaction to the publication of caricatures of the Prophet Mohammed in the European press has led to death threats, rioting and targeting of Danish and other European embassies and institutions throughout the Muslim world.
		Anti-Semitism in the Muslim and Arab press is hardly a new phenomenon.
		In newspapers throughout the Muslim and Arab world, Jews are routinely depicted in editorial cartoons as controlling, manipulative killers who are working to undermine the Islamic world and to kill Arabs.
	www.adl.org /main_Arab_World/arab_media_portrayal_jews.htm (363 words)

	The Arab Jews: A Postcolonial Reading of Nationalism, Religion, and Ethnicity - Yehouda Shenhav
		It also situates the study of the relationships between Mizrahi Jews and Ashkenazi Jews in the context of early colonial encounters between the Arab Jews and the European Zionist emissaries—prior to the establishment of the state of Israel and outside Palestine.
		The book also provides a new prism for understanding the intricate relationships between the Arab Jews and the Palestinian refugees of 1948, a link that is usually obscured or omitted by studies that are informed by Zionist historiography.
		Finally, the book uses the history of the Arab Jews to transcend the assumptions necessitated by the Zionist perspective, and to open the door for a perspective that sheds new light on the basic assumptions upon which Zionism was founded.
	www.sup.org /book.cgi?book_id=5296 (326 words)

	The Arab Street is Angry - Mass Sexual Assaults in Egypt and Mass Hatred of Jews in the Arab World \| Israelated - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When they talk about Jews wanting to run the world or America wanting to enslave Muslims, what they really mean is they want to run the world and they want to enslave all Muslims under a single caliphate.
		That kind of projection is at the heart of Islamic rationalization which says the man isn't responsible for rape because the fact that he desires the women, proves she seduced him and the fact that he hates the West proves that the West is out to get him.
		The Arab world has spent generations projecting its own madness on the West and is filled with ravening hatred for that mirror image of everything the Arab hates about himself.
	www.israelated.com /node/2681 (1841 words)

	Forget Baghdad -- Jews and Arabs: The Iraqi Connec Review - Variety.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Forced to leave their comfortable homes in Baghdad for refugee camps in Israel, they found themselves treated as dirty, uneducated Arabs, a stereotype immortalized in the popular period film "Petah Tikva." Today all four men are writers, and all but Samir Naqqash have abandoned Arabic to write in Hebrew.
		Docu tends to be unfocused at times, mixing historical footage with film excerpts ranging from "The Thief of Baghdad" to "Exodus," and intercutting the Israeli writers with NYU prof Ella Shohat, interviewed in her New York apartment against the eerie backdrop of the World Trade towers.
		Her analysis of growing up in Israel ashamed of her Arab origin is clear-sighted and chilling.
	www.variety.com /index.asp?layout=review&reviewid=VE1117918445&categoryid=31&cs=1 (564 words)

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