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Topic: Arab Socialism

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	Arab socialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arab Socialism was frequently pictured as a "middle way" between the Capitalist West and the Communist East, and as a modern expression of traditional Arab values.
		Arab Socialism is difficult to disentangle from the anti-colonial nationalist paradigm of the day, and this also manifested itself in the political and economic doctrines of the ideology.
		Arab Socialism, woven into Arab Nationalism and Pan Arab thought, lost much of its appeal after the defeat of the Arab nations in the Six-Day War of 1967, in which Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt was widely discredited.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arab_socialism (704 words)

	ARAB WORLD \| From reformisme to independence
		The example he set was only of limited influence on nationalists in the Arab world, because of his brutally anti-religious policies and the anti-Arab aspects of his policies of westernisation and 'Turkisation', of which the most striking example was the replacement of Arab characters with the Latin script for the writing of Turkish.
		It was in this perspective that Al-Husri insisted on the Arabness of Egypt (against, for example, the Egyptian writer Taha Hussayn) and on the leading role that particular country would have to assume in unifying the greater Arab nation, because of its geographical position, its size and its economic and cultural importance.
		The corollary of this merger was the fusion of the Arab nationalist doctrines that the Ba'th preached with a socialist orientation, which became radicalised by the imperatives of competition with the Arab Communist parties.
	www.imarabe.org /ang/perm/mondearabe/theme/docs/9.html (2728 words)

	English Section
		Socialism in the West was forced to stand not only against capitalism but also against nationalism, which protected capitalism, religion that defended it and every idea calling for preservation and sanctification of the past.
		The ruling class in the Arab nation is by structure, education and interests, incapable of, if we do not say loathe to--realizing the complete national liberation and the unity of the fragments of the Arab land, for it is incapable of realizing unity in the hearts of the Arabs.
		The tragedy of the Arabs at this stage is that the ruling class which has imposed itself on them is living a life the course of which runs counter to their aspirations, for it is decrepit and corrupted by luxury, by exploitation, by its oppression of the others.
	www.al-moharer.net /moh194/quotes_aflaq194.htm (2588 words)

	A Criticism of the Idea of Arab Nationalism
		Thus, Islam is usually seen by Arab nationalist writers as a socio-economic projection from a certain `base', or a flowering of the enlightened emancipatory spirit of the Arab nation, or as a `human revolution' against, the reactionary and exploiting forces of the Quraysh.
		Arab nationalism is not condemned here for failing to completely adopt the ideas, directions and the general social and cultural heritage of the Arabs (the Muslims).
		The attitude of Arab nationalism to Islam can be summed up by saying that an intellectual violence is exercised against all aspects of that religion to make it amenable to their secular views of it and to justify its exclusion from the place of prominence in the Arabs' lives in favour of nationalism.
	www.al-islam.org /al-tawhid/arabnationalism.htm (8737 words)

	Dr. Farouk El Baz
		This was in spit of the fact that the "Arab Revolt" against Ottoman rule permitted a reasonable measure of autonomy since the early 1920s.
		Arabs of that time amassed freedom of thought and invited all nationalities and races under the protection of their State.
		The state of the Arab region today is clearly evident from the scarcity of emphasis on scientific investigation and the indifference to technological innovation.
	www.arab-american-affairs.net /archives/farouk_elBaz.htm (2077 words)

	The military coup of 1963
		In May 1964, a new provisional constitution was promulgated in which the principles of Arab unity and socialism were adopted, and in July the banks and a number of the country's industries were nationalized.
		The idea of Arab socialism attracted only a small group in Iraq, and 'Arif began to discover its unfavourable effects on the country.
		The Arab defeat in the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, in which Iraq took only a nominal role, led to intense unrest within the country and within the party.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/63.html (536 words)

	Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity by Martin Kramer
		The Arab nationalist state under Faysal in Damascus proved to be chaotic, and his subsequent reign in Iraq rested on the bayonets of the British.
		It is only when the Arabs succeed in ridding themselves of the highly idealized Arab nationalist vision of their past that they will be able to live together in the modern Arab world as a coherent political community whose various members relate to one another constructively and without reserve.
		Arab nationalism acknowledged them as fellow Arabs, but it glorified precisely that "golden age" of Arab history that the Shi'ites mourned as disastrous, during which their heroes were martyred by the very same caliphs lionized in Arab nationalist historiography.
	www.geocities.com /martinkramerorg/ArabNationalism.htm (12947 words)

	Socialism Today - Will the US invade Iraq?
		Arab regimes, moreover, have a long history of reactionary, nationalistic opposition to Israel, frequently with a strong anti-Semitic element (reinforced, no doubt, by right-wing Zionist hostility to the Arab peoples).
		Some Arab leaders, including some PLO leaders, have flirted with the idea of trading the right of return for compensation for refugees returning to a Palestinian state (not surprisingly, contrasting Israel’s refusal to compensate the Palestinian diaspora with the massive reparations paid by West Germany to Israel and Jewish victims of fascism).
		Arab leaders dare not openly spell out such a proposition, however, as it would provoke fury amongst Palestinians, who would see it as a betrayal of their deepest national aspirations.
	www.socialismtoday.org /65/editorial.html (3092 words)

	Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Despite its economic and social development in the 20th century, Egypt was a relatively poor country in world terms, with a gross domestic product (GDP) in 2000 of $98.7 billion, or $1,540 per capita.
		Egypt led in the formation of the Arab League and was a charter member of the United Nations (UN), both of which were formed in 1945.
		Egypt played a leading role in Arab opposition to Israel, participating in wars against Israel in 1948-1949, 1956, 1967, and 1973 and spearheading an Arab economic boycott against the Jewish state.
	www.arab-world-information.com /egypt.htm (10199 words)

	Egypt - Nasser and Arab Socialism
		Nasser concentrated on implementing his doctrine of Arab socialism internally, especially after the break with Syria.
		It showed a change in orientation from the nationalist goals of the original revolution and emphasized that Egypt was an Arab nation based on Islamic principles.
		In addition, the Arab Socialist Union (ASU) was created to be the sole political party and a means of gathering the support of the masses.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/34.htm (444 words)

	Socialism
		Similarly, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Syria and Iraq claims to be in a tradition of secular, non-Marxist socialists.
		There is general agreement among socialists and non-socialists that a socialist economy would not include private or estate ownership of large enterprises; there is less agreement on whether any such enterprises would be owned by society at large or (at least in some cases) owned cooperatively by their own workers.
		In this context they might contend that the "tragedy of the commons" is only the result of the nurturing of children in the present capitalist society, and that the nurturing of children in a future socialist society will lead to a cherishing of public property.
	www.morrischia.com /david/portfolio/boozy/research/socialism.html (5516 words)

	The Globalist \| Global Culture -- Egypt's Lead in the Arab World
		While Arab socialism is embedded in the state machinery, Islamic resurgence is taking a strong foothold in civil society.
		As a rule of thumb, Egypt’s strengths are Arab strengths and Egypt’s weaknesses are Arab weaknesses.
		Muslim intellectuals in Egypt are gradually realizing that neither Arab socialism nor Islamic revivalism has succeeded in addressing the many problems of Egypt — as well as the Arab world.
	www.theglobalist.com /DBweb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3398 (917 words)

	Listen To Arab Voices (washingtonpost.com)
		The report, authored by a group of prominent Arab intellectuals (many of whom embraced Arab nationalism and Arab socialism in the past), represents an unambiguous embrace of liberal democratic ideals.
		There are no "buts" and "ifs" in the report, no claim that Arab countries need to develop their own form of democracy in keeping with the cultural specificity and conditions of the region.
		Arab governments also come in for pointed criticism in the report, but concern about their reaction was not the cause of the delay.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A26528-2005Apr4.html (852 words)

	New Era in American-Libyan Relations
		He skillfully combined nationalism, anti-imperialism and pan-Islamic loyalty, political currents that had emerged in Libya at the beginning of the twentieth century, with more contemporary movements for Arab nationalism, Arab socialism and Arab unity.
		Arab nationalism was the core element of Qadhafi's ideology, and the concept of jihad was the action element of that Arab nationalism.
		Palestine being an integral part of the Arab nation, Qadhafi believed the latter could never be truly free and united until Palestine was completely liberated.
	www.mepc.org /journal_vol9/0209_stjohn.asp (355 words)

	[No title]
		The National Charter is promulgated in 1962 and establishes the basis of authority for a new constitution promoting Arab socialism.
		The Arab Socialism Union (ASU) is created as the sole political party and a means of gathering the support of the masses.
		While the rights and privileges of Egypt’s lower class improved, Arab socialism hurt the wealthy and changed the position of some of the country’s minorities.
	www.lexisnexis.com /Academic/2upa/Imes/sdCentralEgypt1_pf.asp (1514 words)

	Egypt/United Arab Republic: Internal and Foreign Affairs, 1960-January 1963 State Dept Central Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A plebiscite was held in both countries, and Nasser was elected president, with Cairo designated as the capital of the newly formed United Arab Republic.
		Arabs everywhere felt a new sense of pride.
		In its nationalization of private industries, limitations on ownership of land, heavy taxation of the wealthy, and raising of the minimum wage, Arab socialism was all but directly opposed to many of the principles of American capitalism and was viewed as a potential cold war threat by the United States.
	www.lexisnexis.com /Academic/2upa/Imes/sdCentralEgypt.asp (1079 words)

	GULFWIRE~~PERSPECTIVES~~JANUARY 23, 2004~~
		The socialist and Arab nationalist trend of the 1950s and 1960s failed due to a lack of good governance and an inability to make good on its promises and, not least, due to the military defeat at the hands of the Israelis in 1967, which came as a shock for the Arab world.
		The process reached a climax in the 1990s, with the Arab states becoming weaker: Islamists came to power after the civil war in Sudan, and almost came to power in Algeria, where there was a civil war over the same issues.
		I would also say that, despite the fact that the Arab world isn't known for critical thinking as a value, it is nevertheless true that Arabs are not automatically convinced that what is presented to them is good.
	www.arabialink.com /Archive/GWPersp/GWP2004/GWP_2004_01_23.htm (2330 words)

	Heaven on Earth . The Film: Synopsis \| PBS
		This idea was called "socialism" and it was man's most ambitious attempt to supplant religion with a doctrine grounded on science rather than revelation.
		There was Arab Socialism, African Socialism, and other Third World variants that sought to amalgamate western Social Democracy and eastern Communism.
		And in its most violent forms, socialism was calamitous, claiming scores of millions of lives and helping to make the twentieth century the bloodiest ever.
	www.pbs.org /heavenonearth/synopsis.html (906 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The path of Libya's history was radically altered in 1969 by a military coup which successfully overthrew the monarchy.
		Led by a group of young army officers under Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi, the country was re-established as a republic and became known as the Libyan Arab Republic.
		Qaddafi made concerted efforts towards Arab unity, with attempts to merge Libya with a succession of countries.
	www.arab.net /libya/la_qaddafi.htm (235 words)

	A journal of protest and dissent
		Another model for Sinn Fein during the 1970s was the different varieties of Arab Socialism.
		The Algerian case is perhaps easier to understand (and makes far more sense than references to Tanzania for example), as the Irish Republican Movement could draw legitimate parallels between its struggle and that of the FLN against French colonialism.
		Although not part of the Arab world, Tito's Yugoslavia - a regime with some similarities with Algeria - was also being looked favourably at.
	lark.phoblacht.net /arabcountries.html (843 words)

	DaVinci: Shopping> Niche> Politics> Socialism
		Subway-car deal shows politics as usual will keep on rollingGlobe and Mail, Canada - 15 hours agoFree trade is like socialism: It doesn't work in one country alone -- and the one or the few countries that attempt to prove otherwise always lose.
		We can be sure of this: People who talk about global warming, and pontificate about socialism, liberalism and Democrats vs....
		of the Faculty of Social Sciences, and many advocates of socialism were denied...
	www.bluegrassdavinci.com /ODP/Shopping/Niche/Politics/Socialism (417 words)

	Arab "socialism" - Reader comments at DanielPipes.org
		Arab "Ba'ath socialism" is as far removed from Norman Thomas as Augusto Pinochet is from Maggie Thatcher.
		Many of today's leftists latch onto it in a desperate but unfocused attempt to recapture their youths, when America's mistakes in Vietnam gave a veneer of rationality to their Marxist flights of fancy.
		Mark my comment as a response to Arab "socialism" by reader Carey E. Stronach, Ph.D. Note: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the authors alone and not necessarily those of Daniel Pipes.
	www.danielpipes.org /comments/7402 (424 words)

	UNDP-POGAR: Mechanisms of Accountability in Arab Governance
		In retrospect, the debilitating effects of such a strategy is clear, but it was motivated not simply by a desire of authoritarian rulers to maintain power but also by a determination to build a strong state apparatus capable of guaranteeing security against both internal and external threats.
		Those countries pursuing a vision of “Arab socialism” generally aimed not simply at self-preservation but also at realizing social justice and national independence.
		In most Arab states, an unchecked executive branch antedated the establishment of separate judicial and legislative frameworks.
	www.undp-pogar.org /publications/governance/nbrown/index.html (491 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Nasser And Arab Socialism - Egypt
		FREE In-depth report - Nasser And Arab Socialism - Egypt
		The constitution was based on the National Charter and emphasized freedom, socialism, and unity.
		If you did not find the information you were looking for on the subject of Nasser And Arab Socialism you may wish to do another search of Exploitz.com: related Nasser And Arab Socialism search
	www.exploitz.com /Egypt-Nasser-And-Arab-Socialism-cg.php (598 words)

	Egypt's Lead in the Arab World by Muqtedar Khan - The Globalist > > Global Culture
		Egypt's Lead in the Arab World by Muqtedar Khan - The Globalist > > Global Culture
		gyptian cinema — popular in the entire Arab world for over a half century — has greatly shaped contemporary Arab culture.
		It should therefore come as no surprise that there has been no Arab-Israeli war ever since Egypt made peace with Israel.
	www.theglobalist.com /DBWeb/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=3398 (1064 words)

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