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	Arabi Pasha - LoveToKnow 1911
		On the ist of February 1881 Arabi and two other Egyptian colonels, summoned before a court-martial for acts of disobedience, were rescued by their soldiers, and the khedive was forced to dismiss his then minister of war in favour of Mahmud Sami.
		A military demonstration on the 8th of September 1881, led by Arabi, forced the khedive to increase the numbers and pay of the army, to substitute Sherif Pasha for Riaz Pasha as prime minister, and to convene an assembly of notables.
		Arabi, as has been said, was rather the figurehead than the inspirer of the movement of 1881-1882; and was probably more honest, as he was certainly less intelligent, than those whose tool, in a large measure, he was.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Arabi_Pasha (624 words)

	Arabi Pasha, Alexandria, Egypt, 1882
		The Army, in the opinion of Arabi, should be raised to its full complement of 18,000 men, as allowed by the firman of the Porte in 1841, the extended dominion in the Soudan being taken into consideration.
		At the beginning of the present year the Khedive and Sherif Pasha, according to promise, called together the Assembly of Notables—that is to say, of "Omde," elected for each district by the village mayors, "sheikh-el-beled," who are men of wealth holding an hereditary municipal office.
		Arabi was then appointed Under-Secretary of State for the War Department, and was raised to the rank of Pasha.
	www.londonancestor.com /newspaper/1882/0722/arabi-pasha.htm (705 words)

	Tewfik Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tewfik Pasha (Tawfiq of Egypt) (1852-1892) was a khedive of Egypt.
		Ismail sought this alteration mainly because he disliked his uncle, Halim Pasha, who was his heir-presumptive, and he is supposed to have imagined that he would be able to select whichever of his sons he pleased for his successor.
		In July 1882 the attitude of Arabi, who was carrying out defensive works on a large scale, made the British admiral (Sir Beauchamp Seymour, afterwards Lord Alcester) to declare that he would bombard the forts of Alexandria unless they were handed over to him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tewfik_Pasha (1193 words)

	Riaz Pasha - LoveToKnow 1911
		Little is known of his early life save that until the accession of Ismail Pasha to the vice-royalty of Egypt in 1863 he occupied a humble position.
		Had Riaz had his way Arabi and his associates would have been executed forthwith, and when the British insisted that clemency should be extended to the leaders of the revolt Riaz refused to remain in office, resigning in December 1882.
		He took no further part in public affairs until 1888, when, on the dismissal of Nubar Pasha, he was summoned to form a government.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Riaz_Pasha (620 words)

	Ahmad Arabi pasha and the Egyptian exiles in Sri Lanka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ahmad Arabi pasha and the Egyptian exiles in Sri Lanka
		In 1880’s ‘ Arabi Pasha founded hizab al- watani, the nationalist party, whose object was to unite the peasants and the Turkish elite in Egypt, in order to give forceful voice to their discontent at the autocratic nature of tawfiq’s rule as conducted through his lieutenant, riaz pasha.
		‘arabi pasha made him sit in front of him and spoke to him of the love one should have for one’s country.incedents of this kind suggest that the exiles were widely respected and, through muslim, were regarded with affection even by local buddhists, hindu and christians.
	www.srilankamuslim.com /APASHA.HTM (6022 words)

	Egypt - Outline Of The History Of Egypt From 1878 To The Present Day
		On September 10, 1881, Arabi took the Khedive, his ministers and their European advisers completely by surprise, by announcing that the army would march to the Palace of Abdin and demand the retirement of the Riaz ministry, and other reforms in the army recommended by the military commission already referred to.
		Arabi, acting as spokesman of the army, again made his demands, and after a considerable parley between him and the Khedive, a compromise was made which resulted in the deposition of Riaz Pasha and the formation of a new ministry.
		Arabi Pasha was tried and sentenced to death, but his sentence was immediately commuted by the Khedive to banishment for life to the island of Ceylon.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles36/egypt-19.shtml (4247 words)

	ARABI PASHA (c. 1839- ) - Online Information article about ARABI PASHA (c. 1839- )
		Pasha in 1862, and was employed in the transport See also:
		In all that followed Arabi was put forward as the leader of the discontented Egyptians; he was in reality little more than the mouth-piece and puppet of abler men such as Ali Rubi and Mahmud Sami.
		Wolseley, defeated Arabi on the 13th of September at Tel-el-Kebir.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /APO_ARN/ARABI_PASHA_c_1839_.html (1071 words)

	A Confederate Soldier in Egypt: Part I, Chapter XVI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Arabi Pacha is of large size, compactly built, of dark brown complexion, full face, large fl eyes of amiable expression, and gentle manner.
		Arabi with a large body of soldiers then surrounded the palace of the Khedive and demanded the dismissal of the ministry, the assembly of the Notables, and the restoration of the army to its former status.
		The act of the comptrollers in ordering Tewfik to drive Arabi Pacha out of Cairo for fear he might influence the Notables in their legislation upon the pay of these officials was an acknowledgement that he was a great political leader, and it influenced the entire people of Egypt to consider him as such.
	home.earthlink.net /~atomic_rom/soldier/csie1c16.htm (3752 words)

	TEWILK PASHA - LoveToKnow Article on TEWILK PASHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		TEWFIK PASHA (1852-1892), khedive of Egypt, son of the Khedive Ismail, was born on the isth of November 1852.
		The dissatisfaction culminated in the anti-foreign movement headed by Arabi Pasha (q.v.), who had gained complete command of the army.
		In July 1882 the attitude of Arabi, who was carrying out defensive works on a large scale, made it necessary for the British admiral (Sir Beauchamp Seymour, afterwards Lord Alcester) to declare that he would bombard the forts of Alexandria unless they were handed over to him.
	39.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TE/TEWILK_PASHA.htm (2722 words)

	Ismail Pasha
		Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, was born at Cairo on the 31st of December 1830, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
		He was first advised to abdicate, and a few days afterwards (26th June), as he did not take the hint, he received a telegram from the sultan (who had not forgotten the earlier history of Mehemet Ali's dynasty), addressed to him as ex-khedive, and informing him that his son Tewfik Pasha was his successor.
		It needed the whole gang of swindlers -- mostly European -- by whom Ismail was surrounded." It was his early encouragement of Arabi, and his introduction of swarms of foreign concession-hunters, which precipitated the "national movement" that led to British occupation.
	www.nndb.com /people/205/000104890 (1302 words)

	Egypt - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Egypt
		The nationalist movement was led by an Arab officer, Ahmed Arabi (better known as Arabi Pasha or Urabi Pasha), who was made undersecretary for war, and then a member of the cabinet.
		Arabi was sentenced to death, but his life was spared and he was banished.
		The sultan Ahmed Fuad became King Fuad I. In April 1923 the constitution of the kingdom of Egypt as a hereditary constitutional monarchy was proclaimed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Egypt (7147 words)

	RIAZ PASHA - LoveToKnow Article on RIAZ PASHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Little is known of his early life save that until the accession of Ismail Pasha to the vice-royalty of Egypt in 1863 he occupied a humble position.
		His administration, marked by much ability, lasted only two years, and was overthrown by the agitation which had for figure-head Arabi Pasha (q.v.).
		Had Riaz had his way Asahi and his associates would have been executed forthwith, and when the British insisted that clemency should be extended to the leaders of the revolt Riaz refused to remain in office, resigning in December 1882.
	7.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RI/RIAZ_PASHA.htm (698 words)

	Said Halim Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pasha Grishuk and Evgeny Platov Webpage gives information on Pasha and her former partners.
		Pasha Grishuk fanpage A site dedicated to Pasha Grishuk, 2-time olympic champion in ice-dancing.
		Pasha Grishuk Official Infopage This is the official Infopage of ice-dance Champion Pasha Oksana Grishuk - the only ice-dancer who has twice won Olympic Gold
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Said_Halim_Pasha.html (230 words)

	arabi pasha 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Arabi Pasha was a significant Egyptian political figure.
		He served as a rebel Prime Minister of Egypt between July 1882 and 13 September 1882.
		He was not the official Prime Minister of Egypt, but rather a rebel during the term of Raghib Pasha.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /arabi_pasha_1.html (114 words)

	Arabi Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Arabi Pasha was a significant Egyptian political figure.
		He served as a rebel Prime Minister of Egypt between July 1882 and 13 September 1882.
		He was not the official Prime Minister of Egypt, but rather a rebel during the term of Raghib Pasha.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/ar/arabi_pasha_1.html (66 words)

	Tewfik Pasha
		Ismail sought this alteration mainly because he disliked his uncle, Halim Pasha, who was his heir-presumptive, and he is supposed to have imagined that he would be able to select whichever of his sons he pleased for his successor.
		He held this office only for a few months; but this was long enough to show that, if he was unambitious and not particularly intelligent or energetic, he had the wisdom to refrain from taking a part in the intrigues which then formed the chief part of political life in Egypt.
		Before the bombardment began it was suggested to Tewfik that he should leave the city and embark either upon a man-of-war belonging to one of the neutral powers, or in his own yacht, or in a mail steamer which was then in the port.
	www.nndb.com /people/105/000098808 (1167 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Riaz Pasha (born 1835) was a Egyptian statesman.
		His administration, marked by much ability, lasted only two years, and was overthrown by the agitation which had for figure-head Arabi Pasha.
		He took no further part in public affairs until 1888, when, on the dismissal of Nubar Pasha, he was summoned to form a government.
	pardus.info /index.php?title=Riaz_Pasha (716 words)

	Egypt and Europe in the 19th Century
		The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War encouraged Egyptian nationalists who viewed Mehemet Ali and his successors as "Turks." One of them was Ahmed Arabi, a native Egyptian who received officer training in a school founded by Ali and promotion to the rank of colonel under Ali's son Said (1854-1863).
		Arabi and his colleagues were particularly incensed at how Egypt became indebted to foreigners during the reign of Said's nephew Ismail.
		Arabi and the other nationalist leaders were sent to exile in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka).
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his312/lectures/egypt.htm (1588 words)

	Osprey Campaign 27 : Tel El-Kebir 1882 : Wolseley's Conquest of Egypt
		In 1881 the Egyptian army mutinied from Tewfik Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt, whose father's reforming policies had bankrupted the country, and forced him to appoint Said Ahmed Arabi as Minister of War in early 1882.
		In March Arabi was made a Pasha and from this time on acted as a dictator.
		The British, already worried at Arabi's rise were further concerned when his inflamed supporters threatened to commit a massacre of all foreigners in Egypt.
	www.militaryfocus.com /osprey/campaign/27.htm (218 words)

	Raghib Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Raghib Pasha was a significant Egyptian political figure.
		He served as Prime Minister of Egypt between 18 June 1882 and 21 August 1882.
		During his term a rebel named Arabi Pasha similtaneously served as Prime Minister.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/r/ra/raghib_pasha.html (57 words)

	[No title]
		The Pasha himself is disposed to speculate on his own account; and the first adventure he sent to Bombay, in the spring of 1816, was to bring him, in return, a richly caparisoned elephant, destined as a present to his sovereign at Constantinople.
		Tousoun Pasha's court-tailor was a Christian of Bosnia, and exercised authority over all the other tailors in the town; who complained bitterly of being subjected, not only to the commands and insults, but often to the stick of this Christian.
		The Pasha styles himself not only Waly or governor of Djidda, but of Sowakin and Habesh; and in support of this title, keeps custom- house officers at Sowakin and Massoua, which, prior to the government of Mohammed Aly, were entirely dependent on the sherif.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext05/7arab10.txt (17774 words)

	ARABI PASHA - LoveToKnow Article on ARABI PASHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These journeys, naturally following the most frequented ates, often cover the same ground, while immense tracts, owing their difficulty of access, remain unvisited by any European.
		North of Yemen up to the Hejaz border the only thority is that of E. Jomards map, published in 1839, sed on the information given by the French officers employed th Ibrahim Pashas army in Asir from 1824 to 1827, and of Halvy in Nejran.
		On the south coast expeditions have netrated but a short distance, the most notable exceptions ing those of L. Hirsch and J. Bent in 1887 to the Hadramut iley.
	5.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AR/ARABI_PASHA.htm (1843 words)

	Arabi Pasha Biography
		Born into a peasant family, Arabi Pasha was conscripted into the army and earned his commission in 1862.
		Angered by the subordination of Egyptian officers and Ottoman complicity in allowing Britain and France to manage Egyptian finances, he participated in the failed Egyptian Nationalist Revolt of 1879, earning the support of many Egyptian troops with his outspoken nationalism.
		Arabi was sentenced to death for sedition but was instead exiled to Ceylon, where he lived until his return to Egypt in 1901.
	history.enotes.com /salem-history/arabi-pasha (249 words)

	Egypt. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Said was followed by Khedive (viceroy) Ismail Pasha, whose rule was characterized by accelerated economic development, Westernization, and the establishment of Egyptian autonomy.
		In 1879, Ismail was compelled to abdicate in favor of his son Tewfik Pasha, who was confronted with financial and political chaos; his situation was complicated by the outbreak of a nationalist and military revolt (1881–82) under Arabi Pasha.
		After the war Egyptian nationalists of the Wafd party, led by Zaghlul Pasha, were especially vigorous in their demands for freedom.
	www.bartleby.com /65/eg/Egypt.html (5397 words)

	History of the Islamic Egypt
		One of these, Arabi Pasha, organized a revolution which had for its purpose the expulsion of the foreigners from the country.
		Arabi defied the Khedive and became a military dictator.
		Alexandria was bombarded by the fleet, and Arabi was captured.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/The_Story_of_the_Greatest_Nations_and_the_Worlds_Famous_Events_Vol_1/historyi_bcf.html (1965 words)

	Henry N. Brailsford. The War of Steel and Gold. 1918(1914). Chapter Three.
		Arabi's movement meant for the first time the emergence of a conscious Egyptian nationality, which was opposed almost as much to the Khedives and the ruling Turkish landed and military caste as to the foreign financiers and the Dual Control.
		It is certain only that Arabi and his friends had no share in it, and regarded it with, horror and dismay.
		European opinion in Egypt revolted at the absurdity of regarding Arabi as a rebel, and, knowing him to be honest, popular and tolerant, turned to him as the one man who could control a dangerous situation.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/Brailsford/AP03.htm (8408 words)

	Alexandria - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The fortifications were strengthened in 1841, and remained in an antiquated condition until 1882, when they were renovated by Arabi Pasha[?].
		After a mutiny of soldiers there in 1881, the town was greatly excited by the arrival of an Anglo-French fleet[?] in May 1882, and on June 11 a terrible riot and massacre took place, resulting in the death of four hundred Europeans.
		Since satisfaction was not given for this and the forts were being strengthened at the instigation of Arabi Pasha, the war minister, the British admiral, Sir Beauchamp Seymour[?] (afterwards Lord Alcester), sent an ultimatum on July 10 and opened fire on the forts the next day.
	openproxy.ath.cx /al/Alexandria.html (3140 words)

	Suez-History
		As long as viceroy Abbas Pasha was still alive, he stayed among the opposition ranks, which made up the so-called party of princes, and remained hostile to the system of government in place at the time.
		Ismail Pasha, at England's instigation, proved considerably less favourable to the grand project to pierce the Isthmus of Suez than his predecessor, who had done nothing but encourage and promote the idea.
		Following negotiations between him and M. de Lesseps, the colossal enterprise came to a halt for a short time and was in danger of being stopped altogether; however, a ruling by the head of the French government allowed the outstanding difficulties to be solved in 1864, and work was completed in full.
	www.napoleon.org /en/special_dossier/suez/html-content/historique/txt-014.html (729 words)

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