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Topic: Arabic music

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Scale (music)

Maqam

Melody

	The Arabic Maqam
		In Arabic music, a maqam (plural maqamat) is a set of notes with traditions that define relationships between them, habitual patterns, and their melodic development.
		The phenomenon that greatly influenced intonation in Arabic music was the introduction of even-tempered instruments (some of which were altered to produce quarter tones), mostly in the second half of the 20th century.
		In conclusion, the new generation of Arabic musicians, singers and listeners is losing touch with the traditional intonation of the 1920s and 30s largely because of the introduction of even-tempered instruments and harmony in Arabic music.
	www.maqamworld.com /maqamat.html (1740 words)

	Saleeby-Saliba Association of Families : Arabic Music
		The English word lute, which derives from the Spanish laud, originally came from the Arabic al-'ud, literally meaning 'branch of wood.' Between the eighth and tenth centuries, the 'ood had only four strings; a fifth was added by Zitiab, the famous Andalusian performer, and a sixth later on in the fifteenth century.
		A kind of dulcimer, its Arabic name means 'rule' or 'law.' The qanun was introduced to Europe by the 12th Century, becoming known during the 14th to the 16th Century as a psaltery or zither.
		Nay is the generic Arabic name for simple open-ended reed instruments which usually have 6 holes in the front for the fingers to play and 1 hole underneath for the thumb.
	www.saleeby-saliba.org /music.htm (689 words)

	ARABIC MUSIC
		Music was used initially for hunting, fighting and then developed to be used in performing primitive rituals for beliefs including magic, and paganism(idol-worshipping).
		During the eighties and the nineties, music was changed drastically through the introduction of new technologies, and new instruments, and the westernization of Arabic music as a result of the strong impact of the picture and sound media. Songs became shorter and music took the lead.
		Arabic music is very rich in its melodies and its rhythms with variation of styles and kinds.
	www.fortunecity.com /millenium/sesame/530/arabic.htm (2257 words)

	Arab Music - Part One
		The Arabic language was enriched and expanded by a wealth of treatises and commentaries on music written by prominent philosophers, scientists, and physicians.
		Music, or alandshymusiqa, a term that came from the Greek, emerged as a speculative discipline and as one of alandshyulum alandshyriyadiyyah, or "the mathematical sciences," which paralleled the Quatrivium (arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy) in the Latin West.
		The third major process affecting Arab music was the contact between the Islamic Near East and Europe at the time of the Crusades in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries and during the Islamic occupation of Spain (713-1492.) This contact had a widespread impact on both Islamic and European traditions.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M151/Arab_Music1.html (2023 words)

	Arabic Classical Music
		Arabic classical music is one of the world's major musical systems.
		Classical Arabic theory and practice can be seen as a great synthesis of both the earlier classical traditions as well as regional melodic forms.
		Some Arabic instrumentalists have suggested that this is the only sufficiently strong and truly improvisatory modern recording of their music, but for many others it is a pointless remark, due to the quality of relatively obscure archival material.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/music/arabmusic/Araclassical/ArClasMus.htm (667 words)

	Arabic Music Internet Reference : AMIR - The database of arabic music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Arabic music is the kind of music heard in the arabic countries from the Gulf to the Maghreb.
		The arabic music uses accoustic and electric instruments, but every instrument used should be able to play arabic scales.
		Arabic scales use quarter tones in addition to the semitones used in the chromatic scale.
	www.al-amir.com (271 words)

	Music in Egypt - Seven Millennia of Performance
		Arabic music, insofar as can be inferred reliably, traces its ancestry in part to the music of the 3rd Century Persians and the early Byzantine Empire (AD 4th-6th Century).
		Arabic music, like most other forms of the African tradition, is based largely on variation and improvisation of and upon a central theme.
		The music of the Middle East is now coming full-circle as the modern musicians assimilate elements from many of the musical forms that had their beginnings in Arabic music.
	www.touregypt.net /music.htm (2089 words)

	Arabic music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arabic music is a term used to describe the music of Arabic-speaking people or countries.
		Much Arabic music, not unlike Indian music is characterized by an emphasis on melody and rhythm, as opposed to harmony.
		The prototypical Arabic music ensemble in Egypt and Syria is known as the takht, and includes, (or included at different time periods) instruments such as the 'oud, qanún, rabab, ney, violin (introduced in the 1840s or 50s), riq and dumbek.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arabic_music (2319 words)

	Arabic Classical Music
		Arabic music is among the most difficult topics to discuss here, primarily due to the large number of countries and musical styles which the term nominally covers.
		Classical Arab music was defined by theorists during the classical age of the Arab Empire, and that definition continues to play a role today.
		I have made a separate listing for the music of Yemen, a more conservative tradition which particularly appeals to me. Various older styles have played a role in the development of what eventually became Arab classical music, making the reconstruction of earlier Arab music a burgeoning academic topic, even if results are still rather preliminary.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/arabic.html (701 words)

	Classical Arabic Music,Arabic Music,Arabic Music CDs
		It’s also our belief that a rich cultural and musical heritage, such as Arabic Music, should be kept alive and available to our fellow Arab Americans, our fellow Americans and all folks who have the desire to know about, and listen to Arabic Music.
		The Arabic Music as it’s known today in the Near East and North Africa is the product of an evolutionary art form that may have started as far back as the Greek civilization.
		An Audio Musical Documentary and presentation that discusses, in detail, the various aspects of Arabic Music; its Maqamat, Forms and rhythms, supplemented with many musical examples from the Middle East and North Africa.
	www.classicalarabicmusic.com (534 words)

	Xauen - Your one source for classical Arabic & Eastern Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Al-Zafeer Ensemble is a group that fuses the lush, ecstatic and driving rhythms and tones of Arabic music with the bright hued colors of jazz.
		The group specializes in traditional Arabic music, as it was performed for hundreds of years in the royal courts, art houses and concert halls of past Arabic kingdoms.
		The SHARQ Arabic Music Ensemble is dedicated to preserving and presenting traditional and classical Arabic vocal and instrumental music.
	www.xauen-music.com /xauen-music/adSearchCD.php?country=USA (1408 words)

	Arabic music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are some genres of Arabic music that are polyphonic, but typically, Arabic music is homophonic.
		Both in modern practice, and evident in recorded music over the course of the last century, several differently-tuned "E"s in between the E-flat and E-natural of the Western Chromatic scale are used, that vary according to the types of maqams and ajnas used, and the region in which they are used.
		Turkish music, popular during the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the region, was replaced by national music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arab_music (2359 words)

	Comparative Music
		This musical presentation is based on a musical documentary published in the 1980s in the Republic of Tunis, with compilation and narration done by a musical scholar and artist, Dr. Salih Al-Mehdi.
		Multi Media Publishing is proud to have revived this great educational and entertaining musical work, and is glad to share it with all the folks who are interested in learning and understanding of the various aspects of this art form.
		Again, each form is discussed in details, and supported with musical examples from the heritage of the Classical Arabic Music.
	www.classicalarabicmusic.com /comp_arabic_music.htm (790 words)

	Heartland Seminar on Arabic music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Karim resumed studying Arabic Music, this time in Cairo with Dr. Alfred Gamil (Cairo Conservatory of Music) and Mohammed Al-Araby (percussionist for Umm Koulthoum and The National Orchestra of Egypt.) He currently teaches at the New England Conservatory of Music.
		Throughout his career, his objective has been to combine Arabic maqams, a melody or series of phrases based on scales, with western elements in order to present a style of Arabic music that is understood and appreciated by the western listener.
		Nowadays, Classical Moroccan music is often referred to as “Al Musiqa Al Andalussiyah”, literally, the Andalusian Music, a misleading confusion denying to the Moroccans their extensive input.
	www.xauen-music.com /xauen-music/seminar.html (1816 words)

	Arabic Music
		Arabian music has a long tradition that reaches back to before the Roman era.
		Although this music was traditionally built around a solo improvisational style, today you will hear a fusion of the music’s traditional roots with a European influence.
		The Arabic scales are based on scales of up to 24 notes.
	www.jeansasson.com /arabic_music.htm (114 words)

	Arabic Music - Islamic Music
		Formerly a page for the Usenet group rec.music.arabic, it is now more general in its focus with information on various styles and aspects of Arabic music.
		Arabic music jukebox, with lots of songs and links.
		Egyptian vocalist with an international flavor and a repertoire in Arabic, French, Spanish, Italian, and English.
	www.insideworldmusic.com /msub2.htm (206 words)

	Arabic Music @ Arabic Music Info Source
		But you can find some reviews of some nice music from the late 90s like Georges Wassouf's release Tabeeb Jarrah; Palestinian group, El-Fanoun's Zaghareed release; plus two new compilations of the music from the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music.
		Music from the Fes Festival - Bismillah (vol I), Hamdulillah (vol II)
		In association with Amazon.com, AMIS is now selling Arabic music CDs and books on Arabic music.
	members.aol.com /amisource (232 words)

	Al Mashriq - Middle East - Music
		Ziad is the son of Fairuz and @assi Rahbani, two of the giants of lebanese music in the 20th century.
		Primary source of Arabic music in Lebanon, particulary Fairouz.
		Marcel Khalife The Music of Marcel Khalife and Al Mayadine Ensemble
	almashriq.hiof.no /base/music.html (284 words)

	Arabic music
		In 1986 there were 107,000 people of Arabic extraction in Canada.
		The first immigration, in 1882, brought only Syrians and Lebanese who, even in the 1970s, formed a majority of Arab-Canadians, though 17 nations were represented to some degree in the total.
		The majority have settled in Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, and Toronto.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000098 (81 words)

	Introduction to Arabic Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Arabic music isn't like Western music (it isn't like Turkish or Persian music either — but that's another story).
		The Arabic music we use for dance often has Western influences.
		These are made from seven tones from the octave in a combination of augmented, major, medium, and minor second intervals.
	www.raqs.co.nz /me/music.html (370 words)

	Arab music: introduction
		The legitimacy of music is much debated in Islam.
		Although religious chanting is accepted and even encouraged, there are questions about other forms of music, especially instrumental music.
		Music and singing in the light of the Qur'an and Sunnah
	www.al-bab.com /arab/music/music.htm (181 words)

	NCRLC \| Culture Club \| Music Room (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Many of my non-Arabic speaking friends enjoy listening to this beautiful music as much as I do, so it would make a suitable gift for those who enjoy "world music." I ordered my copy from Amazon.com.
		His beautiful vocals and mastery of the Arabic Oud and the Spanish guitar have caught the attention of several friends of mine who do not speak Arabic.
		I found this CD at a local Arabic bookstore, but it is available for order online at http://www.maqam.com, though I have not ordered from them before and cannot personally recommend them.
	www.nclrc.org /cultureclub/collection/music/amusic.html (416 words)

	Music - Arabic Music
		Arabic Music - Arabic Music - Arabic Music Arabic music - Arabic Music - Arabic Music - Arabic Music - Arabic Music from UAE
		She is on the staff of the Arabic Music Retreat and is president of Xauen Music
		Arabic music is the kind of music heard in the arabic countries from the Gulf to the Maghreb These countries include Egypt
	www.fotemusic.com /arabicmusic (2021 words)

	Traditional Arabic Music
		These collections of music and songs can be a pleasure to listen to, and can be saved for the younger generation to enjoy, and the musical heritage can be preserved.
		Many of the songs and musical pieces are rare and not available commercially.
		This is a collection that music students and serious music listeners would enjoy and appreciate.
	www.classicalarabicmusic.com /traditional_arabic_music.htm (567 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Music: World: Arabic Fundamentals
		The fourth solo album from former Transglobal Underground vocalist and belly dancer Natacha Atlas continues her march from campy Semitic sendup to serious Arabic artist.
		Persian classical music isn't a dying form, in fact, in the hands of the Masters of Persian Music, you could say it's flourishing.
		This live recording is a testament to the power of these musicians and singers, all of whom are true virtuosos...(more)
	music.barnesandnoble.com /fundamentals_cds2.asp?PID=2568&z=y (313 words)

	Riadh Al Sonbati: Preserving the identity of Arabic music
		Riyadh Al-sonbati is a prominent Egyptian composer and pioneer of Arabic music, who remained in the lime light for almost half a century.
		At the age of 18, his intuitive propensity to music was discovered by his father, Mohammed Al-Sonbati, a popular singer and a driot lute player, who was widely admired by the local comunity of his home village of Sonbat in the Delta countryside.
		In the early sixties, he was nominated, for the third time, by the Higher Musical Comittee for State Award of Merit and in 1976 for the UNESCO Award of Music.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/000907/2000090731.html (782 words)

	Arab Music Links
		This site has one of the biggest collections of links for Arabic music that are available on the Internet.
		Overall, this is a great site to browse for music and to listen to live broadcasts of Arabic stations.
		This site has a nice variety of Arabic as well as American music all of which is in Midi form.
	www.unc.edu /~hani/music.htm (842 words)

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