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	THE DEVELOPMENT OF
		The Arabists, led by Riyad al-Solh, hoped that the independence of the Arab states would open the way to the foundation of an "Arab entity." Neither of the two parties abandoned their positions, but, rather, they sought to find a common platform and a meeting ground.
		By contrast, when the Arabists were excluded from the political process, their regional standing was threatened and they were less capable of shaping and defining the Arab idea in a manner which accommodated the Lebanese experience and Lebanon's specific conditions.
		Similarly, Lebanese Arabists who were credible and had support at the regional level, were able to play an important role within the Lebanese political body and to bring about an acceptance of the Arab idea and its ramifications.
	www.lcps-lebanon.org /pub/breview/br6/solhbr6.html (1672 words)

	Kaplan on US Foreign Service Arabists
		Arabists are frequently accused of romanticism, of having "gone native"--charges brought with a special vehemence as a result of the recent Gulf War and the events leading up to it.
		Arabists, or something like them, would be needed by the United States in the Arab world even if America were to abandon the internationalist assumptions of its foreign policy and its overreaching hopes for a new world order.
		Arabists are like doctors and lawyers: you can be angry with them, but you will always have a need for their skills.
	www.geocities.com /tom_slouck/iraq/kaplan_arabists_92.html (13209 words)

	Britain and Iran Bombings- Thoughtful analysis - Iran Defence Forum
		Moreover, Robert Kaplan observes that psychologically the English-speaking Arabist is "obsessed with the Arabs...
		Another early Arabist was a Cambridge professor, E H Palmer, whose knowledge of Arabic was useful in his role as a secret agent in Egypt, where he died in action in August 1882.
		Instead, the British academic Arabists have been almost exclusively preoccupied with the eastern Arab world, which is contiguous to Iran (historical Persia) and the Persian Gulf, areas rich in fossil fuels and hence of prime importance to British economic and commercial interests.
	www.irandefence.net /showthread.php?t=344 (3186 words)

	Reviews: The Arabists 2
		This is a study of American Foreign Service Arabists, i.e., diplomats who became Arabic language and area specialists and spent most of their careers working in or on the Middle East.
		Not only were the Arabists a fringe group within a Department of State that was itself largely powerless on this issue, but they were afraid to speak out for fear of being accused of anti-Semitism.
		I suppose some Arabists are ignorant of the Israeli political realities, but I would not put any of the hardcore fellows he mentions in that category.
	talesmag.com /tales/books/reviews/arabists2.shtml (4195 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite - Robert D. Kaplan
		Arabists are not like other area specialists, at least not in the popular imagination.
		With Arabists, however, there is a more sinister implication: anyone who has taken the time to master Arabic, or who has lived for long in the Arab world, must be anti-Israeli, struck by the disease of "clientitis," a bit romantic.
		The argument is simple: the Arabists encouraged a policy of appeasement of a ruthless dictator, allowing their emotions and biases to cloud their judgment.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19931201fabook5514/robert-d-kaplan/the-arabists-the-romance-of-an-american-elite.html (944 words)

	Tales From the Bazaar
		In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries an Arabist was a student of the language, history, and culture.
		By war's end anyone who was vaguely sympathetic toward Arabs was being called an Arabist, even if he or she didn't speak the language and had never lived in the Arab world.
		Arabists, or something like them, would be needed by the United States in the Arab world even if America were to abandon the internationalist assumptions of its foreign policy and its overreaching hopes for a new world order.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/199208/arabists (1910 words)

	World Threats
		The State Department Arabists and the pragmatists have long argued that Arab dictators are a necessary evil.
		It occurred on May 16, 2006, when the State Department Arabists and the CIA ghost-whisperers who stood looking over their shoulder told the seven members of the Iraqi Leadership Council that they were toast.
		The only ones in that state are the State Department Arabists and their helpers at CIA, the Democratic party, and the Scowcroft Group.
	www.worldthreats.com /middle_east/path_to_iraqi_failure.html (1175 words)

	Endangered Species: The Arabists (Robert D. Kaplan) by Martin Kramer
		Kerr was a quintessential Arabist, whose privileged knowledge of the Arabs derived from intimate familiarity and deep sympathy.
		It would not be the last time Arabists misled Arabs over the direction of American policy, proving themselves as dangerous to their Arab friends as to their own department.
		Of the British Arabists, it can at least be said that they wrote tirelessly, even feverishly, to give some account of their deeds to a wider public.
	www.geocities.com /martinkramerorg/Arabists.htm (2096 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs
		Moreover, Robert Kaplan observes that psychologically the English-speaking Arabist is "obsessed with the Arabs...
		Another early Arabist was a Cambridge professor, E H Palmer, whose knowledge of Arabic was useful in his role as a secret agent in Egypt, where he died in action in August 1882.
		Instead, the British academic Arabists have been almost exclusively preoccupied with the eastern Arab world, which is contiguous to Iran (historical Persia) and the Persian Gulf, areas rich in fossil fuels and hence of prime importance to British economic and commercial interests.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/GK03Ak02.html (3148 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Arabists In The U.S.A. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Arabists In The U.S.A. From Michigan to Texas, from Harvard to Stanford, interest in the Middle East soars to new levels.
		Above all, it is due to the efforts of able, dedicated educators who have developed programs of research, study and instruction that rank with the best in the world.
		For the country's few Arabists the outlook was so discouraging that at the University of Chicago Professor Martin Sprengling felt obliged to advise students against seeking doctorates in Arabic studies.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/196504/arabists.in.the.u.s.a..htm (2560 words)

	Arabists, "Arab Oil Interests", "Pro-Arab Sympathisers" - The Peace FAQ
		Arabists in government do not have names like Hamadi or Abdullah.
		Perhaps its time, before the terror begins, to weed out Arabists before we have to find them, after hundreds of Americans are killed by Islamic fundamentalists.
		All of the Bush cabinet who were given waivers would be investigated for their special investments in Iraq during the Gulf War.
	www.peacefaq.com /arabists.html (826 words)

	The Blog \| James Pinkerton: Arabists, “Nightline,” and Stubborn “Chinatown” Reality \| The Huffington Post
		“Arabist” is the term used to describe those foreign-affairs professionals—State Department officials, academics, charitable workers, and others, including the occasional travel writer—who dominated America’s Middle East mindsetting and policymaking for most of the 20th century.
		Whenever the Arabists raised objections (practical or ideological) to the emergence of the neoconservative Bush Doctrine for remaking the Middle East, the neocons stomped them down —in intra-government meetings, in opinion pages, in the larger court of American public opinion.
		The State Department, traditional home to Arabist thinking, was shunted aside in the war-planning and post-war planning by the Pentagon, where such neocons as Paul Wolfowitz and Doug Feith gave the ideological marching orders for the New Iraq.
	www.huffingtonpost.com /james-pinkerton/arabists-nightline_b_11454.html (2441 words)

	Policy: Other Hostages: The State Department Arabists
		This Arabist Ambassador learned, not from the State Department, but from a Kraft column in the International Herald Tribune, that he was being dismissed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
		In a sense the Arabists are also hostages, just as airline passengers recently were in the Middle East.
		Those Arabists not killed or injured suffer psychologically from remaining silent when they feel our Middle East policy must be changed before it claims more unnecessary victims.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/081285/850812003.html (950 words)

	The Arabists vs the Anglo-Somalis: stage for the next set of conflicts in Somalia... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Opinions expressed in this column are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of SW The Arabists vs the anglo-somali society: the makings of the next major Somali civil war.
		The recent events from Djibouti peace conference mark another turning point for Somali’s manipulation- the Arabist vs the anglo-somali society (note: this is not a negative commentary about the peace process itself).
		This time, it is not about clan politics (although clan will be utilized when it serves the purpose) but rather the arabists (euphemistically known us the Islamic courts/fundamentalists) against the forces of democracy and good (also known as her majesty).
	www.somaliawatch.org /archiveoct00/001003201.htm (573 words)

	Amazon.com: The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite: Books: Robert D. Kaplan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Arabists, at least the "old" generation, tend not to like this book because they feel that it unfairly stigmatizes them as hopelessly affected with clientitis, diplomats who have "gone native," and who are fundamentally biased towards Israel and out of touch with U.S. interests.
		The downfall of the Arabists was that despite their expertise they saw the Arab world through rose colored glasses and Israel as an unwelcome intruder.
		One major, adverse consequence of the fall of the Arabists was, of course, that we had few Arab experts in 2002-2003 while the U.S. was contemplating an invasion of Iraq.
	www.amazon.com /Arabists-Romance-American-Elite/dp/002916785X (2763 words)

	Reviews: The Arabists
		Kaplan's work identifies the origins of the Arabists and, more importantly, tests the level of their bias through analysis of their record on Middle East policy and diplomatic reporting.
		Rather, he skillfully exposes how the clique of WASP missionary Arabists goes on to become the core of the NEA bureau and how their perspectives shape American foreign policy for good and ill throughout the 20th Century.
		In fact, his synthesis of this process, beaurocratic maneuvers and the effects of the Gulf War lead to an analysis of the NEA bureau today and the direction of American foreign policy planning that is likely to be well regarded for years to come.
	www.talesmag.com /tales/books/reviews/arabists.shtml (476 words)

	Israel Policy Forum
		These regional specialists broadly fell into two categories: there were "Arabists" and what we might call "Israelists." On this one point they had a common interest.
		The Arabists, those who took much of what they knew and their orientation from Arab governments, were not interested in promoting ideas which would be offensive to those governments.
		I think that that is all in the process of change radically: among the Arabists there is a sense that the Arab world has suffered an irreparable blow to its prestige from what happened on 9/11.
	www.israelpolicyforum.org /display.cfm?rid=1220 (1721 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Tongue-Tied In the Arab World
		The lack of Arabists already was severe during the Afghanistan war.
		There was a caste at the State Department and the CIA known as "the Arabists." Often their parents had been missionaries or teachers in the Arab world, so they grew up learning subtleties of language and culture.
		Not surprisingly, when fluency in a foreign language came to be equated with "self-delusion," the Arabists' ranks began to thin, as ambitious CIA and State officers looked for other billets.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A40914-2003Jul10?language=printer (768 words)

	An "Arabist" View of The Pro-Israeli Establishment.. (by Arthur L. Lowrie) - Media Monitors Network
		The truth is that "Arabists" had only a marginal impact on American policy.
		In the view of many "Arabists", however, Atherton, along with Sisco, whatever their private opinions may have been, devised and articulated rationales for a one-sided policy that was becoming increasingly dictated by the pro-Israeli establishment through pliant or intimidated members of congress.
		Yet for the past 30 years the State Department urged United Nations members to take no action critical of Israel because it will "upset the peace process at this delicate stage", a mantra that is met with incredulity by anyone with a memory.
	www.mediamonitors.net /arthurlowrie1.html (4863 words)

	The Walrus Magazine » Old Hands on Deck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With an Arabist’s eye for history, she points out that Iraq is a riverine nation and that the Kurdish north, Sunni centre, and Shia south are united by trade routes established by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
		If the charge that America’s Arabist diplomats are too well informed to be trusted seems absurd, the contention that their views are blinkered by the local elites with whom they associate does hold some water.
		Kaplan quotes an Arabist describing “the kind of guys who crammed for their Arabic exam in order to get a high point-rating but who couldn’t utter a phrase in the street.” These are the yes-men and women who parrot Washington’s views and who rarely leave the embassy.
	www.walrusmagazine.com /print/international-security-old-hands-on-deck (2621 words)

	Kolodin \| The Arabists: WASP Missionaries
		Rather, he skillfully exposes how the clique of WASP missionary Arabists goes on to become the core of the NEA bureau and how their perspectives shape American foreign poicy for good and ill througout the twentieth century.
		While Kaplan devotes most of the book to the origins of the Arabists, he does describe the State Department’s efforts to modernize and notes the growing participation of a diverse middle-class America in the foreign policy debate.
		In fact, his synthesis of this process, the bureaucratic maneuvers, and the effects of the Gulf War lead to an analysis of the NEA bureau today and the direction of American foreign policy planning that is likely to be well-regarded for years to come.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_15/kolodner_arabists.html (642 words)

	History of Pain Practice -- Page Four -- Doctors for Pain
		Fortunately, the classical ideas were kept alive and used as a basis for further scientific endeavors by the Arabists, a term that describes thinkers such as Persians, Christians, Jews, and others who lived in Muslim countries.
		The Arabists' highly developed understanding of pharmacy and chemistry enabled them to develop techniques for drug preparation that are still in use today.
		Among the Arabists, Avicenna 980 to 1037 AD stands out as an influential teacher and physician.
	www.doctorsforpain.com /patient/history4.html (376 words)

	Arabists PPT
		For the remaining Arabists, the Middle East was "now center stage" of American policy.
		His weakness — he could not write reports to the satisfaction of Henry the K. Then was reassigned to the Ambassador of Cyprus were he was assassinated in 1974.
		Outside of Syria, Iraq was the darling of the FSO Arabist community.
	www.esuhistoryprof.com /arabists_ppt.htm (1907 words)

	Iran Heritage
		An upcoming paper of mine tabulates how the British arabists have done much to foster historical revisionism in the name of economic interests since 1920.
		British Arabists today are the strongest they have ever been in British history.
		There actually is very little room for debate, as the primary Arab sources contradict the statements of British Arabists (such as Watt) and their Arab nationalist allies.
	www.iran-heritage.org /takeaction/story3.htm (1172 words)

	Arabists vs. the Middle East - Campus Watch
		Cole suffers from many other common Arabist misconceptions that deeply prejudice and compromise his writing.
		Having done hardly any independent research on the twentieth-century Middle East, Cole's analysis of this era is essentially derivative, echoing the conventional wisdom among Arabists and Orientalists regarding Islamic and Arab history..
		Cole, the Arabist, expresses the views of Arab nationalists and their Islamist allies.
	www.campus-watch.org /article/id/1967 (566 words)

	USCFL - Wake up America and stop listening to the "Arabists" of the US State Department and Council on ...
		This achievement, while important, is still quite minor in the overall scheme of things when we consider the long term goals for the Middle East.
		There is a whole group of Arabists in the US State Department and the Council of Foreign Relations who are and have always been concerned at the Arab reaction to a tougher stand.
		Having said that, and to all the "Arabists" of the US State Department and the Council on Foreign Relations who have been shaping US foreign policy for the last 55 years, do us a favor and resign from your respective positions with dignity.
	www.freelebanon.org /articles/a217.htm (901 words)

	M of A - Powerplay
		While the "Arabists" supported Iraq (and thereby Saudi Arabia) during its war with Iran, neocon Leeden argued that Iraq and not Iran posed a threat against Israel and had therefor be supported.
		The so-called Arabists, however, do not seek to exclude Israel, but instead advocate a more inclusive policy which favors outreach to BOTH Arabs and Israelis - in essence playing one side off the other and thus maintaining a significant negotiation advantage with both.
		It is assumed that the Arabist Realists at least acknowledge the utility of Israel, no matter how much of a "strategic burden" it may sometimes seem to them.
	www.moonofalabama.org /2006/05/anna_missed_poi.html (5039 words)

	Book Review: The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite
		Kaplan also omits any mention of events that might have caused Arabists (and others) to question Israel's value as an "ally" (e.g., the Lavon affair, the secret Dimona reactor, the attack on the USS Liberty, Begin's duplicity at Camp David over a moratorium on settlements, the Jonathan Pollard spy case).
		Kaplan's most exaggerated claim is that Arabists "have been the secret drivers of America's Middle East policy since the end of World War II." This will come as a great shock to Arabists who have spent their careers bemoaning their impotence over policy.
		It was diplomats of this school who provided justification for a onesided pro-Israeli policy by rationalizing that the Israelis had to feel secure before they would make concessions, and that the U.S. had to bring the Israelis along through persuasion because pressure would only make them harden their positions.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0794/9407069.htm (790 words)

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