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Topic: Arable farming

	Arable land - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to plough) is a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be (and is) used for growing crops.
		On unarable land, farming is nearly impossible unless more advanced methods of soil conservation are used.
		Each year more arable land is lost to desertification and erosion from human industrial activities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arable_land (723 words)

	Arable Farming. Declining, UK, Chemicals, Farm Equipment
		Throughout the UK arable farming is under change since the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy and introduction of cross compliance.
		Farmers who farm livestock and fodder crops such as spring cereals or turnips are spurring on the decline of birds in their area.
		Farm Chemicals - Farm chemicals can be very useful like Prochloraz which is a broad-spectrum fungicide for the control or reduction of a range of stem, leaf and ear diseases for most crops along with CCC Which is a growth regulator for yield improvement and/or lodging control.
	www.arable.com (687 words)

	Introduction: Arable Plants - a field guide
		Arable land also has a reputation for being a desert for wildlife, though well-managed arable farmland can be exceptionally rich in birds, mammals, insects and plants.
		Britain's arable plants are particularly important, as they occupy the north-western end of a range of communities spreading across Europe into Asia; most have declined over their whole European range during the last century.
		Arable flowers have declined across a range of scales: at the country level, the farm and even the field scale.
	www.arableplants.fieldguide.co.uk /?P=introduction&SHC=1&PSD=1&PHPSESSID=61a1429fe1a60a998bbb572002a355be (2058 words)

	RESEARCH METODOLOGIES IN ORGANIC FARMING
		Arable farming systems (AFS) will be faced with technical problems such as nitrogen management (David, 1997) and weed control (Thomas et al, 1994), which affect economic viability.
		In arable farming, farmers extended or even fully substituted the use of farm yard manure and leguminous by manufactured fertilizers, in spite of large fertilization costs.
		Organic farming development is qualified as a bottom-up movement thanks to the role of 'pioneer' organic farmers in the establishment and dissemination of new management skills and techniques.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X6089E/x6089e03.htm (2611 words)

	S-Cool! - GCSE Geography Revision - Quicklearn
		The arable farms of East Anglia are a good example of commercial farming, as are the cereal farms of the central United States and the Canadian Prairies.
		Farming in the UK The main types of farming that you would find in the UK are arable, dairying and hill farming.
		Most farming in Britain tends to be intensive although some of the hill farms of Wales and Scotland could be described as extensive.
	www.s-cool.co.uk /topic_quicklearn.asp?loc=ql&topic_id=8&quicklearn_id=3&subject_id=20&ebt=130&ebn=&ebs=&ebl=&elc=4 (883 words)

	Wildlife and countryside conservation promoted by the Northmoor Trust
		It was for these reasons that in 1998 we decided to allocate part of the arable land to a mixed system including a sheep flock of 320 breeding ewes.
		Increases in the use of herbicides and fertilisers are thought to be among the main reasons for the loss in rare arable plants, whilst the indirect effect of herbicides on chick food insects is thought to be one of the reasons for declines in farmland birds such as the grey partridge.
		As arable plant seedbanks are usually confined to the outer 4 metres of fields, conservation headlands occupy the area between the crop edge and the first tramline.
	www.northmoortrust.co.uk /home/countryside/sustainable_farming/farming_system?cms_SSNID=b22b41cd837484cf47c6fdcdcee412e8 (1198 words)

	[No title]
		Pure arable and arable farming + one crossbred cow on 2.5 acres (1.0 ha.) land were considered as the farmer’s practice as about 35% of the total farmers in Haryana belong to this size of land holding.
		The results clearly indicate that LRI of mixed farming of three crossbred cows on 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) land was 2.76 times to arable farming on 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) land and that of mixed farming of three buffaloes on 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) land was 1.26 times.
		Arable farming + 1 crossbred cow on 4.0 acres (1.5 ha) land, arable farming on 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) land and mixed farming with 1 crossbred cow on 1.5 acres (0.6 ha) land gave higher indices than the farmer’s practice.
	conference.ifas.ufl.edu /ifsa/posters/Singh3.doc (1257 words)

	The Ashburton Guardian (New) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Arable farming is probably one of the last bastions of male domination in the rural sector but thanks to the efforts of people like Maxine Watson, women living and working on arable farms have the opportunity to learn more about the farming system that rules their lives.
		She says this imbalance reflects to a certain extent the nature of arable farming which is orientated around machinery and tends, as a consequence, to be a male domain while mixed farms or dairy units have more opportunities for jobs to be shared such as feeding out to stock or milking.
		Arable farming is probably one of the last bastions of male domination in the rural sector but thanks to the efforts of.
	www.ashburtonguardian.co.nz /index.asp?articleid=7049 (1186 words)

	Modern Farming and wild birds
		There were still very large numbers of people involved with farming although the seeds of the farming slump of the 1920s and 1930s had been sown 20 years earlier with free trade allowing cheap and high quality food to capture what were purely domestic markets.
		Arable farmers were unable to produce quality wheat at prices which could compete with the grain provided by the huge fields in Canada and the United States.
		Farms which are run by the farmers who own them are much more likely to have their objectives softened to include shooting, conservation, landscape values etc.
	www.farm-direct.co.uk /farming/history/farmbird.html (5508 words)

	Wikinfo \| Arable land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Arable land (from Latin arare, to plough) refers to a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be (and is) used for growing crops.
		On non-arable land, farming is nearly impossible unless much more capital intensive farming methods are used.
		Irrigation of farm land also increases the sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the soil.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Arable_land (596 words)

	[No title]
		Integrated farming systems developed by applying the farming systems concept, can be are productive and profitable as they encourage habitat conservation, the addition of value, addition and utilization of products and wastes from as inputs in other farm enterprises within the farm (Singh 1994).
		However, cost: return ratio was highest in arable farming (1.37) followed by mixed farming with one crossbred cow (1.27) and mixed farming with one buffalo (0.95).
		Though cost: return was higher in arable farming but mixed farming had other advantages like production of more commodities, higher total net return, availability of more number of employment days uniformly distributed throughout the year and better use of by-products and wastes and supply of manures to the crop component of the system.
	conference.ifas.ufl.edu /ifsa/papers/A/d4.doc (5454 words)

	Changes in arable farming and its effects on birds - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		New forms of cultivating the soil, use of pesticides and new types of crops have changed the face of arable farming for farmers and for wildlife.
		Many of the now rarest wild arable plants (once considered to be weeds) became adapted to this system of crop production, requiring cultivation in the spring for germination.
		The advent of genetically modified crops is likely to change the face of arable farming again but must not do so to the detriment of wildlife.
	www.rspb.org.uk /countryside/farming/news/changesandeffects.asp (512 words)

	Arable
		Arable farming is generally undertaken as part of a mixed production regime involving pastoral farming, fodder and vegetable production.
		In the short to medium term, the arable sector is likely to continue to be underpinned by import substitution into the domestic market, by the needs of the pastoral sector for pasture seeds and animal feed such as maize silage, and niche opportunities such as wheat for specialised pasta products.
		The growth potential of the arable industry will be significantly influenced by factors such as the availability, allocation and use of water, the relative profitability of other landuses, the ability to manage biosecurity risks and the influences of consumer demand, particularly in relation to the acceptance or otherwise of genetically modified organisms.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/rural-nz/profitability-and-economics/contribution-of-land-based-industries-nz-economic-growth/contribution16.htm (1793 words)

	Innovation processes in Dutch agriculture and horticulture towards 2015
		As the authors of the essay point out, modernising arable farming is no longer thought to be sufficient; indeed, it may even be counterproductive.
		The future of arable farming is now also in the hands of consumers, suppliers, processing firms, retail trade and politicians rather than arable farmers alone.
		If arable farming in the Netherlands is to have a future, there is an urgent need for new forms of co-operative action which will be able to realise the value of various social functions of arable farming.
	www.agro.nl /nrlo/english/97_44.htm (1815 words)

	Claydon Direct Seed Drill Designed for Arable Farming by Farmers
		On a farm of 500Ha the typical cost and time saving (compared to full cultivation) is estimated to be around £40,000 per annum and the equivalent time saving of two students working 50 hour weeks for 3 months.
		Farming has never been as unprofitable as it is today with many small farms going out of business throughout the UK.
		Even big farming estates are feeling the strain with the low price of their produce and high cost of producing their crops.
	www.claydondrill.com /index.html (465 words)

	Crop-livestock integrated farming system for augmenting socio-economic status of smallholder tribal farmers of ...
		Besides crop farming which is mainly for 4 months in a year, tribals survive with livestock-poultry-duck-fish or with their subsidiary occupations (eg: basket making, bee keeping) The farming followed by the tribals is very unscientific and the income generated through such farming is hardly sufficient to meet their livelihood.
		It may be possible to reach the some level of yield with proportionately less input in the integrated farming and the yield would be inherently more sustainable because the waste of one enterprise becomes the input of another leaving almost no waste to pollute the environment or to degrade the resource base.
		In a mixed farming system of 3.5 acre land, the employment generation was 571 man-days with almost uniform distribution throughout the year compared to 385 man-days in arable farming with most labour employment only during July-August period of agriculture operations.
	www.cipav.org.co /lrrd/lrrd17/8/ramr17090.htm (1941 words)

	Arable farming, horticulture and grassland: area under cultivation in the Netherlands - Environmental Data Compendium
		Arable farming, horticulture and grassland: area under cultivation in the Netherlands, 1980-2002
		The amount of agricultural land is decreasing as a result of the increasing use of space for housing, industry and roads.
		1) From 2002 onwards, arable farming includes the setting aside of land for wildlife and wild flora; this land did not used to be classified as agricultural land.
	www.mnp.nl /mnc/i-en-0010.html (255 words)

	Arable Farmland
		Map(s): Predominant types of farming by Parish in Lancashire (showing main concentration of arable farms in the county).
		Arable land in Lancashire and Cornwall is the last stronghold of one plant, endemic to the UK (Purple ramping-fumitory).
		Arable farming is particularly important in lowland areas of north west England especially in west Lancashire and on the Fylde but also in north Cheshire, parts of Merseyside, the western parts of Greater Manchester and the Solway plain in Cumbria.
	www.lbap.org.uk /bap/habitat/arable.htm (1776 words)

	CNN - The dirt on organic farming - February 12, 1999
		Organic farming may not be as good for the environment as it seems, according to the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
		For example, they predict that conventional arable farming in the Netherlands will exceed the accepted norm for cadmium contamination within 70 years, while ecological arable farming -- crops fertilized only with compost and animal waste -- will exceed it in 145 years and integrating the two forms of farming will push it out 300 years.
		Therefore, the scientists assert the most environmentally friendly farming technique is to use a combination of organic and artificial fertilizers on arable crops, but then allow the soil to rest between use -- such as integrating wheat fields with dairy farming.
	www.cnn.com /NATURE/9902/12/organic.farming.enn/index.html (363 words)

	Assignment on Arable Farming and other types
		Arable farming is the system of farming which uses ploughed fields to grow crops.THis is the most traditional type of farming,common use in LEDC's.
		Pastoral farming is the rearing or keeping of animals in order to obtain meat or other products, such as milk, skins, and hair.
		Mixed farming is way more expensive that arable farming because of all the things that animals need to survive, including food.
	www.paperadepts.com /paper/Arable_Farming_and_other_types-169785.html (166 words)

	Arable Farming - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		The way in which cropped or arable land is managed by farmers has big implications for birds and other wildlife.
		The RSPB has some arable land on its own nature reserves where the crops grown are mainly left unharvested to provide over-winter feeding for birds.
		The farm will trial and demonstrate ways in which profitable farming and wildlife conservation can go hand-in-hand.
	www.rspb.org.uk /countryside/farming/farmingUK/arable_farming.asp (366 words)

	Arable Farming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		'Arable' is the term used to describe the system of farming which uses ploughed fields to grow crops.
		This form of cultivation is the main activity on many of the Trust's farms, where wheat is the most common crop plant.
		A close relative of the modern flax was used until about 1950 for the making of linen, but the process involved the use of such strong pollutants that it is unlikely to be revived.
	www.ernestcooktrust.org.uk /arable.htm (268 words)

	arable farming
		Crops may be cereals, vegetables, or plants for producing oils or cloth.
		Arable farming generally requires less attention than livestock farming.
		In a mixed farming system, crops may therefore be found farther from the farm centre than animals.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0034696.html (216 words)

	Research Farm Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		To assess risk in the context of the farm organisation, sub-models of the most important activities are integrated in a model at farm level.
		Also for the hypothetical farming systems a distance function is estimated and the resulting frontier is compared with the frontier of the existing farming systems.
		Farm management is forced by law to take into account the nutrient surpluses the farming activity produces.
	www.sls.wau.nl /fma/research/Oud/rbo.htm (2568 words)

	Tough times for arable farmers, but outlook bright
		The model farm depicted in the report is representative of intensive mixed arable farming in Canterbury.
		“Farm businesses are generally financially sound and equity growth has been very high in the past few years, so in most cases harvest losses will not impact drastically on viability,” Murray Doak explains.
		Murray Doak says the outlook of arable farmers for 2004/05 is generally positive, aided by a mild autumn, volatility in world grain market prices and a generally good outlook for other farming sectors that purchase seeds and feed.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/press/130704-arable-monitoring.htm (532 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Category Index of Guide Entries
		Arable farming produces crops such as wheat, maize and barley.
		Around one third of all agricultural land in Britain is used for arable farming.
		Concerns over intensive farming and the use of chemicals and pesticides have also pressured farmers to change their farming methods.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/C1929 (176 words)

	Ecological Farming May Cause More Heavy Metals In The Soil
		Some systems of ecological arable farming which use only organic fertilisers contaminate the soil with levels of cadmium, copper and lead which are twice as high as when a combination of both animal manure and artificial fertiliser is used.
		This has been demonstrated in farm case studies carried out by environmental scientists from Wageningen Agricultural University to calculate the input and output of soil contamination by heavy metals.
		The scientists also found that mixed farming, combining arable with dairy farming, leads to less heavy metal contamination than farming based exclusively on one or the other of these.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-02/NOfS-EFMC-080299.php (328 words)

	AgriQuality: Arable Farming Precision Cropping for Arable Farmers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Arable Farming - Precision Cropping for Arable Farmers
		For Arable farmers, AgriBase is also useful for investigating the relationships between productive data (quantitative and qualitative) and environmental factors, such as soil types, topography and climate.
		In farming businesses AgriBase is already being used for farm mapping and accurate distribution of fertiliser at specified locations on farms using GPS technology.
	www.agriquality.co.nz /arable_farming/precision_cropping_for_arable_farmers.cfm (677 words)

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