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Topic: Arable land

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	Brownfield land - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In city planning, brownfield land (or simply a brownfield) is land previously used for industrial purposes, or certain commercial uses, and that may be contaminated by hazardous waste or pollution.
		Some governments restrict development of such land to particular uses in order to minimize exposure to contamination, others legally require that such areas are reused for housing or for new commercial use in order not to destroy further arable land.
		Contaminated land is dealt as a separate issue, both through the development control system (concerned to ensure contaminated land is made suitable for its new use) and by Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (which looks at land in the context of its current use).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brownfield_land (736 words)

	[No title]
		Arable land is land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow (less than five years).
		Permanent cropland is land that is cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee and rubber; this category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber.
		Irrigated land as a percentage of total cropland is calculated by WRI by dividing the hectares of land equipped for irrigation by the total hectares of arable and permanent cropland.
	earthtrends.wri.org /text/data_tables/data-table-51.txt (1412 words)

	Latin American Forestry Sector Outlook Study Working Paper
		Arable land is expected to increase by 4% and permanent crops to decrease by 7%.
		Arable land is expected to increase by 10% and permanent pastures by 8%.
		High land concentration of land for plantations is found in Chile, where 71% of the plantations belong to 2% of the forest owners and the rest to small and medium sized owners.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/J2459E/j2459e10.htm (2912 words)

	[No title]
		Of course arable land in some places is going out of cultivation because of erosion and other destructive forces, as well as because productivity elsewhere is increasing and the land is no longer needed (for example, in Wisconsin and the southeastern states of the U.S.).
		Land also is constantly being enhanced by increasing the number of crops grown per year on each unit of land, and by increasing the yield per crop with better farming methods and with chemical fertilizer.
		Land owned in common tends to deteriorate because no one has a property stake in maintaining it; in contrast, private farm owners improve their land because it raises the value of their investment.
	www.juliansimon.org /writings/Ultimate_Resource/TCHAR08.txt (3681 words)

	Aral Sea - Land Resources
		Lands being under construction occupy 189.9 thousand hectares, forest areas and other lands which are not used in agriculture occupy 93 174 thousand hectares.
		Total arable land area decreased by 5.3% (15.6 million hectares) Main contribution to reducing arable lands was made by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
		Analogous changes occurred in arable land area - they reduced by 6.5 % (16.4 million hectares).The largest decrease of arable lands is being observed in Kazakhstan (9.2 %) and Kyrgyzstan(5%),increase of arable lands is being observed in Turkmenistan (by 1.5 %).
	enrin.grida.no /aral/aralsea/english/land/land.htm (1119 words)

	7. Arable land
		The arable area for two feed intensity scenario variants of the medium scenario are also presented.
		The arable land area is calculated from the harvested areas presented in Appendix 17 and discussed in Chapter 4, and the cropping intensities.
		Although the high feed demand scenario results in a minor increase in the arable land areas (1% in 2010; 3% in 2025; 7% in 2050), the absolute increase for all developing countries is some 10 million ha in 2010, close to 30 million ha in 2025 and 70 million ha in 2050.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w5146e/w5146e0a.htm (1053 words)

	RS Blume (Zimbabwe): Chapter 1.2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As the latter were primarily concerned with land disputes and the traditional leaders regained control over the courts in the second half of the Eighties, their actual importance in relation to land matters rose substantially again.
		The problems associated with individualisation and the development of a land market are, on the one hand, the lack of an adequate institutional framework and, on the other hand, the risk of potential adverse effects on the distribution of wealth and income.
		The system of land tenure in practice is based largely on customary law and accordingly guarantees each individual a usufruct (right of use) in respect of land for housing, pasture and agriculture, and other common resources such as wood and water.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/blume/blu1_2.htm (1658 words)

	Conserving Land: III. Population and Arable Land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Land degradation contributed to the demise of a number of ancient civilizations, ranging from the Sumerians in the Fertile Crescent to the Anasazi in the North American Southwest.
		The number of people living with arable land scarcity would vary from 918 million, or 12 percent of the projected total world population under the low projection, to 3 billion, or one third of the projected total, under the high projection.
		If the amount of arable land remained roughly constant and world population followed the UN’s high projection, the planet’s 21.6 billion people would be living with global arable land scarcity early in the 22nd century.
	www.cnie.org /pop/conserving/landuse2b.htm (2652 words)

	Manors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The medieval manor was a landed estate, controlled by a lord, consisting of a community of souls, and the land necessary for their livelihood.
		Half of the arable land was worked by the serfs for the lord of the manor.
		Some of the land, "God's half acre" for example, was land used to support the priest, who most often worked that land in the same manner as the serfs.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /westcivi/manors.htm (588 words)

	Argument - Trends in Arable Land
		Arable land is a precious resource in China's agriculture.
		For 1988 the State Land Administration had reported a cultivated land area of 122.6 million hectares (year-beginning), while the Statistical Yearbook published the notorious 95 million hectares (which where known to be underreported).
		Compared with the excessive conversion of natural and agricultural land due to urban sprawl and infrastructure construction in North America and Europe, loss of cultivated land in China is minimal.
	www.iiasa.ac.at /Research/LUC/ChinaFood/argu/trends/trend_50_old.htm (1828 words)

	The acquisition of the ownership rights of arable land
		According to the definition of the Act arable land means a parcel of land which is situated outside the limits of a settlement (unincorporated) and is registered in the real estate register as farmland, vineyard, orchard, garden, lawn, reed bank or forestry cultivation sectors or as a fish pond.
		The reality of the declaration may be verified by the local land title office on the grounds of the land registry.
		In case the right of first refusal is concerned at a sale and purchase agreement regarding arable land or farmsteads, prior to the conclusion of the contract the seller of said properties shall notify those entitled to the right of first refusal about the accepted price.
	www.hidasi.hu /menu_60_eng.htm (683 words)

	Arable land - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern arable agriculture typically uses large fields like this one in Dorset, England.
		In geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to plough) is a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be (and is) used for growing crops.
		Aran Island: This island off the west coast of Ireland, (not to be confused with the Isle of Arran in Scotland's Firth of Clyde), was unarable because it was too rocky.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arable_land (577 words)

	ANCIENT ECONOMIES I
		In a large number of early second-millennium texts recording the sale of small parcels of privately owned arable land in southern Babylonia, the vendors appear to be groups (not individuals) in only 30 percent of the cases.
		Indeed, if all the land were his there would be no question of confiscation and no reason for the ruler to go through the motions of pretending to make a purchase.
		Eyre's (1987b: 209) suggestion that they are a class of persons holding royal land in return for rendering military service is contradicted by the evidence that their plots were alienable and their payment of money or crop-taxes directly to the royal treasury.
	members.tripod.com /~sondmor/index-9.html (2897 words)

	Nature in Sweden - Arable land - Swedish EPA
		One important change was the possibility to grow fodder crops on arable land instead of mowing natural meadows and wetlands.
		The arable land expanded and the need to use forests, meadows, natural pastures and wetlands in agriculture were not to as pronounced as before.
		Most of the contraction in the use of land for agricultural purposes is occurring in forested and mixed country.
	www.internat.naturvardsverket.se /documents/nature/nacatego/araland/araland.htm (793 words)

	Search Results for arable - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The greatest amount of arable land per capita is in Oceania; the least is in China.
		Arable land and water are scarce, and food must be imported.
		Arable land was divided into two fields or groups of fields; one group was planted to wheat, barley, or rye, while...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=arable&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (368 words)

	Conserving Land: I. Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arable land: cropland, or land cultivated with crops.
		Land that is fallow or used for pasture for less than five years is also considered arable land.
		This is the lowest authoritative estimate of the minimum amount of arable land required to feed one person without intensive use of synthetic fertilizers.
	www.cnie.org /pop/conserving/landuse.htm (1900 words)

	LAND, ENERGY AND WATER (ideal US population size)
		Land, that vital natural resource, is all too often taken for granted; yet, it is essential for food production and the supply of other basic human needs, like fiber, fuel, and shelter.
		For example, when salts are leached from the land during irrigation (up to 18 tons of salts per hectare during the growing season) and deposited in rivers, the effectiveness of the river water for further irrigation is reduced (Pimentel et al., 1982).
		The inevitable conclusion is that the availability of land will be the major constraint to the expanded use of solar energy systems because land is needed for solar energy, and this need cannot encroach on that needed by agriculture, forestry, and natural biota in the ecosystem.
	www.dieoff.com /page136.htm (4880 words)

	FOOD, LAND, POPULATION and the U.S. ECONOMY
		Land: On-going soil erosion and expanding urbanization contribute to the continuous loss of cropland in the U.S. Annually, more than two million acres of prime cropland are lost to erosion, salinization, and waterlogging.
		Even assuming that in the future the arable land lost to these processes will approach half an acre per capita, which is approximately the current rate of expansion in Europe, still 60 million acres of arable land will be taken out of production.
		This land requirement can be expected to diminish arable, pasture, and forest lands to some extent, with the most critical loss being arable land.
	www.dieoff.com /page40.htm (4937 words)

	IFPRI: 2020 News & Views, April 1995
		The new study, Conserving Land: Population and Sustainable Food Production, employs a benchmark of land scarcity of 0.07 hectares of arable land per capita, compared with the current world average of 0.27 hectares per capita.
		According to the study, in the early 1960s, only four countries--Japan, Kuwait, Oman, and Singapore--had insufficient arable land to feed their populations without highly intensive agriculture, but they were wealthy enough to either import food or increase agricultural productivity with modern farming methods.
		The study also reports that fully 12 of 29 countries projected as land scarce in 2025 will also be classified as water scarce, with less than 1,000 cubic meters of renewable fresh water available per person for agricultural, industrial, and domestic purposes each year.
	www.ifpri.org /2020/newslet/nv_0495/nv_0495c.htm (367 words)

	Asia Times Online - News from greater China; Hong Kong and Taiwan
		While China is a vast country, the amount of arable land for a population of 1.3 billion, more than 800 million of them farmers, is relatively small and intensely cultivated.
		The land was once fertile farmland and robbed from the local peasants." He disclosed that locals had been consistently petitioning the authorities to stop the practice and restore their land, or make some restitution - to no avail.
		In the previous decade, the cultivated land per capita in the two towns has already shrunk from 1,335 square meters to about 650, and officials denied compensation to those whose land was appropriated.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/FG17Ad03.html (1540 words)

	Read about Arable land at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Arable land and learn about Arable land here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		land that can be (and is) used for growing
		nutrients are depleted from the soil, the land renews its fertility when the next flood comes.
		On unarable land, farming is nearly impossible unless more advanced methods of
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Arable_land (519 words)

	23/3/2004 -- China urges further protection of arable land
		According to the circular issued by the State Council on Monday, all arable land should be absolutely protected from being converted to forests, fruit tree growing, fishery ponds or animal and fowl farm buildings, or being illegally reduced to roadside tree belts or forest belts in urban areas.
		Efforts should be made to immediately rectify illegal conversion and the occupied basic arable land should be restored for farming purpose as soon as possible, it claimed.
		And this means China's arable land has been reduced to about 123 million hectares, or 12.8 percent of its total land area, according to the statistics.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=30360 (734 words)

	People's Daily Online -- China pledges to protect arable land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The goal of the crackdown was to protect arable land, he said.
		He said problems still exist in the land and resources sector, such as the disorderly exploration of mining resources, illegal use of land resources as well as violations of farmers' interests.
		The ministry is organizing experts and government officials to develop a comprehensive national plan on land use for the 15 years to come, Li said.
	english1.peopledaily.com.cn /200412/24/eng20041224_168542.html (524 words)

	Arable Land per person
		It is difficult to imabine that a plot of land only 165 feet square could support all the needs of one person for an entire year.
		Remember, there are NO supermarkets because every inch of land surface of the earth the is suitable for agriculture would be used for providing people food at the lowest level of subsistance.
		They need that land for greedy corporations (oil, lumber, construction and mining interests) who give huge sums of money to those Republicans in order that they will be voted into major governmental positions of power (congress, president and gubinatorial positions).
	www.sonic.net /~evolve/wp/human_ecology/arable_land_per_person.htm (474 words)

	[No title]
		First, for each statistical region, the total agricultural land within each region (either arable of pasture land) was divided by the Open Land area from the Land Cover image, for the same statistical region.
		Finally, to smooth the data, the final images (Arable and Pasture) were aggregated into 10 km x 10 km cell sizes.
		This integer value represents the percent of arable land within a given polygon unit.
	www.grida.no /baltic/arcview/arab_gis.txt (471 words)

	Chapter 3_1: Shortages of Arable Land, Population Reports, Series M, Number 13
		If current trends in population growth and land use continue, in 2050 the amount of arable land will be just over one-tenth of a hectare per person (119).
		In the early 1990s, when FAO surveyed 57 developing countries, over half of all farms were less than one hectare in size not enough to feed a family with four to six children and produce a surplus for sale (98).
		Moreover, arable land has become increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few farmers at the expense of family farms.
	www.infoforhealth.org /pr/m13/m13chap3_1.shtml (494 words)

	nir003 Niger River bank improvements yield arable land
		Misanet.com / IPS, 23 March - Land improvements in the Niger River valley in the west and the Komadougou River valley in the east have provided farmers in the poor Sahelian country Niger with many more hectares of arable land.
		It's the fertile land that's scarce," said Ibrahim Mamane, the director of IFAD's Special National Programme (SNP) for Niger.
		They have reafforested the land by planting a total of 27,059 woodland plants to create a six-kilometre-long living fence, as well as a four-kilometre windbreak.
	www.afrol.com /News2001/nir003_arable_land.htm (943 words)

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