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Topic: Arachidonic acid

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	HON Allergy Glossary Arachidonic Acid
		An essential, unsaturated, 20 carbon fatty acid that humans use to synthesize regulatory molecules such as prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
		One such event is the activation of a membrane enzyme called phospholipase A2, which breaks down membrane components to arachidonic acid.
		Arachidonic acid is further metabolized by one of two enzyme pathways into various prostaglandins (by cyclooxygenase) or leukotrienes (by lipooxygenase).
	www.hon.ch /Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/arachidonic_acid.html (88 words)

	Muscle SA Hardcore Forums - Arachidonic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid, which is consumed in small amounts in our regular diets.
		Arachidonic acid is considered an "essential" fatty acid because it is an absolute requirement for the proper functioning of the human body.
		This extensive investigation reported that arachidonic acid at this level in the diet nearly doubled the arachidonic acid content of plasma phospholipid, and also significantly increased the content of this fatty acid in platelet, red blood cell, and tissue lipids.
	www.bodybuilder.co.za /forums/printthread.cfm?Forum=3&Topic=543 (1825 words)

	Arachidonic Acid (AA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with four cis double bonds, which are the sources of its flexibility and give it the capacity to react with molecular oxygen.
		Arachidonic acid is the keystone essential fatty acid at the origin of the arachidonic acid cascade.
		Arachidonic acid content is frequently measured by the saponification of the lipid fraction followed by methyl esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of the resulting FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) compounds.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /nutritional-supplements/arachidonic-acid.html (194 words)

	arachidonic acid : Definition
		Chemically, arachidonic acid is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and four cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the sixth carbon from the omega end.
		Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is present in the phospholipids (especially phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositides) of membranes of the body's cells, and is highly enriched in the brain.
		Arachidonic acid is freed from phospholipid molecule by the enzyme phospholipase A2.
	www.everythingbio.com /glos/definition.php?ID=2887 (344 words)

	FATS YOU NEED
		Arachidonic acid is a 20-carbon omega−6 fatty acid with 4 double-bonds.
		Fatty acids that are long and highly unsaturated increase membrane fluidity and functionality, which is why DHA and arachidonic acid are highly concentrated in the phospholipids of neuron synapses.
		Arachidonic acid is a particularly common constituent of brain neuron membranes and the massive release of arachidonic acid in cerebral cortex ischemia/reperfusion plays a significant role in exacerbating ischemic/reperfusion damage.
	www.benbest.com /health/essfat.html (10206 words)

	Arachidonic Acid
		Arachidonic acid is one of those curves nature loves to throw at us just to keep us from being able to wrap everything up nicely and simply.
		Arachidonic acid (AA) is a fatty acid essential to life but also incredibly destructive in excessive amounts.
		Lab animals injected with large amounts of all other fatty acids go on about their business with no apparent ill effects--those injected with arachidonic acid are dead within moments.
	www.opinions3.com /arachidonic_acid.htm (1123 words)

	Arachidonic Acid
		Arachidonic acid is released from phospholipids in cells stimulated by many first messengers, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones.
		This compound was shown to (a) inhibit the specific binding of a radiolabeled agonist to the cannabinoid receptor and (b) produce inhibition of the twitch response in mouse vas deferens, a typical response to cannabinoids.
		This clue led to the idea that arachidonic acid metabolites may be involved in inhibitory responses, and it prompted the study of a neurotransmitter with better-defined electrophysiological effects.
	www.acnp.org /g4/GN401000059/CH059.html (5006 words)

	Arachidonic Acid, Balance between Omega 3 and Omega 6
		Arachidonic Acid (AA) is an unsaturated fatty acid that the body uses to synthesize regulatory molecules such as prostaglandins (hormone like chemical messenger) and thromboxanes (involved in platelet aggregation and blood clotting).
		Arachidonic acid (AA), gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and linolenic acid (LA) are three forms of Omega 6 fatty acids.
		Arachidonic acid can be consumed directly from meat but in excess it can be unhealthy because it promotes inflammation and therefore leading to several of the diseases described above.
	www.vaxa.com /arachidonic-acid.cfm (378 words)

	Patent 7,138,431
		As an additional element, the increase in arachidonic acid that is normally seen in serum fatty acids with administration of GLA may be inhibited by administering a.DELTA..sup.5 desaturase inhibitor, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), for example.
		These acids may form part of a phospholipid, steryl ester, a sphingolipid, a glyceride, such as a di- or triglyceride or may be present as free fatty acids.
		Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, include the acid addition salts and those which are formed with inorganic acids such as, for example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as acetic, oxalic, tartaric, mandelic, and the like.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2006/Nov2006/112106/7138431_Arachidonic112106.htm (4982 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Molecular Nutrition X-Factor - Arachidonic Acid! On sale now!
		Arachidonic acid is stored in the outer phospholipid layer of each muscle cell, and is released as the cell is disrupted during exercise.
		Many fatty acids are released during this process, and the higher the concentration is of arachidonic acid is, the more will be liberated.
		Arachidonic acid is liberated from muscle tissue during exercise (A).
	www.bodybuilding.com /store/mn/xfactor.html (1366 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Childhood
		In the body, arachidonic acid can be made from linoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids can be made from linolenic acid.
		Essential fatty acids are needed for many physiologic processes, including maintaining the integrity of the skin and the structure of cell membranes and synthesizing important biologically active compounds, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
		Linoleic acid deficiency may occur in infants whose formula is deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/child_nutrition/essential_fattyacid.html (285 words)

	EATING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arachidonic acid is the fatty acid precursor for the pro-inflammatory Series 2 Eicosanoids.
		Series 1 Eicosanoids are made indirectly from linoleic acid, which is found in corn, sunflower and safflower oils, nuts and seeds, and grains.
		Assure adequate intake of magnesium, zinc, folic acid and vitamins B6 and C; Supplement with the natural compounds that reduce arachidonic acid conversion to Series 2 Eicosanoids.
	www.drdebe.com /EATING.htm (519 words)

	Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA)
		Linoleic acid (LA), another omega-6 fatty acid, is found in cooking oils and processed foods and converted to GLA in the body.
		Linoleic acid (not to be confused with alpha-linolenic acid, which is in the omega-3 family) and arachidonic acid (AA) tend to be unhealthy because they promote inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of the diseases mentioned when consumed in excess.
		Alteration of cyclosporine (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity by gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in Wistar rats.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsSupplements/GammaLinolenicAcidGLAcs.html (3498 words)

	Arachidonic acid and bipolar disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Analysis of the phospholipid layer of brain cells at the end of the feeding period showed a marked reduction in the concentration of arachidonic acid and its metabolite prostaglandin E2.
		The researchers speculate that lithium works by targeting parts of the "arachidonic acid cascade", which may be functionally hyperactive in the manic phase.
		The researchers also suggest that DHA (a component of fish oil) may be effective as it competes with arachidonic acid for "space" in the brain cell membranes.
	www.yourhealthbase.com /database/a129f.htm (266 words)

	Brain fatty acid levels linked to depression
		During recent years, omega-3 fatty acids have enjoyed increased popularity as numerous studies have shown that supplementing diets with fish oil (a natural source of this polyunsaturated fatty acid) does everything from reducing the risk of heart disease to preventing arthritis.
		Arachidonic acid is found throughout the body and is essential for the proper functioning of almost every body organ, including the brain.
		Although far less attention has been paid to dietary requirements for omega-6 fatty acids, which can be found in most edible oils and meat, perhaps in the future depression may be controlled by increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake and decreasing omega-6 fatty acid intake.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=10398 (600 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The arachidonic acid pathway constitutes one of the main mechanisms for the production of pain and inflammation, as well as controlling homeostatic function.
		These polyunsaturated fatty acids compete with linoleic acid in the arachidonic acid pathway, thereby reducing the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2, which are both important in mediating inflammation.
		Dietary sources of the omega-3 fatty acids and linolenic acid are salmon, mackerel, eels, nuts and vegetables.
	www.arthritis.co.za /arachid.html (460 words)

	Vasodilatation to Arachidonic Acid in Humans : An Insight Into Endogenous Prostanoids and Effects of Aspirin -- Bhagat ...
		the reproducibility of the response to arachidonic acid in a
		Low-dose aspirin and paracetamol did not affect the dilatation to arachidonic acid, whereas the response was abolished with 1 g of oral aspirin.
		Pagano PJ, Lang L, Sesa WC, Nasjletti A. Arachidonic acid elicits endothelium-derived release from the rabbit aorta of a constrictor prostanoid resembling prostaglandin endoperoxides.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/8/2113 (4051 words)

	Arachidonic Acid Directly Mediates the Rapid Effects of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Via Protein Kinase C and Indirectly ...
		arachidonic acid in the presence and absence of 10
		-linolenic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of arachidonic
		Kay ED, Goldman AS, Daniel JC 1988 Arachidonic acid reversal of phenytoin-induced neural tube and craniofacial defects in vitro in mice.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/140/7/2991 (6379 words)

	Arachidonic acid as a bioactive molecule -- Brash 107 (11): 1339 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		Arachidonic acid is a slippery molecule that owes its mobility
		the implication that arachidonic acid is a bioactive molecule.
		hydrolysis by free arachidonic acid and the subsequent induction
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/107/11/1339 (5433 words)

	Arachidonic Acid Derivatives
		An important family of regulatory molecules is derived from arachidonic acid, and these molecules collectively are often called the eicosanoids.
		In this case, the phospholipase A2 acts on a membrane phospholipid that contains arachidonic acid, which is a polyunsaturated fatty acid.
		The arachidonic acid released from the phospholipid is now the substrate for one of two enzymes.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/membrane/arachidonic.htm (649 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Proteasome inhibitors: Their effects on arachidonic acid release from cells in culture and ...
		I have postulated that arachidonic acid release from rat liver cells is associated with cancer chemoprevention.
		Stimulation of arachidonic acid release and arachidonic acid metabolism may be associated with some of the biologic effects observed after proteasome inhibition, e.g.
		Brash AR.: Arachidonic acid as a bioactive molecule.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2210/4/15 (2543 words)

	[No title]
		Arachidonic acids are found primarily in fatty red meats, egg yolks and organ meats.
		However, if you inject (AA) arachidonic acid into the same rabbits they are dead within three minutes.
		Remember, long chain omega-6 fatty acids (found in high concentrations in vegetable oils) are the building blocks used to manufacture "bad" eicosanoids.
	www.cbn.com /health/naturalhealth/drsears_arachidonicacid.aspx (504 words)

	Identification of an Arachidonic Acid-Producing Bacterium and Description of Kineococcus arachidonicus sp. nov. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane of organisms are believed to help in maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperatures (Nichols et aJ., 1997) However, the ability of an unsaturated fatty acid to maintain membrane fluidity does not continue to increase in proportion to each successive double bond (Coolbear et al.
		Interest in polyunsaturated fatty acids is due not only to their role in membrane architecture but to their role in human physiology PUFAs are precursors to regulatory molecules such as leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thrombaxanes as well as components of lipids in the membranes of nearly all human organs including the brain and retina (Horrobin, 1995).
		Both organisms share anteiso 15:0 as the majority of the fatty acids but differ especially in the absence and presence of significant amounts of arachidonic acid (Table 2).
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/ms2000905/ms2000905.html (3754 words)

	Arachidonic acid activates c-jun N-terminal kinase through NADPH oxidase in rabbit proximal tubular epithelial cells ...
		Arachidonic acid activates c-jun N-terminal kinase through NADPH oxidase in rabbit proximal tubular epithelial cells -- Cui and Douglas 94 (8): 3771 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Arachidonic acid activates c-jun N-terminal kinase through NADPH oxidase in rabbit proximal tubular epithelial cells
		Arachidonic acid mediates angiotensin II effects on p21ras in renal proximal tubular cells via the tyrosine kinase-Shc-Grb2-Sos pathway
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/8/3771 (1490 words)

	Cayman Chemical \| ω-3 Arachidonic Acid Quant-PAK \| Description
		The ω-3 arachidonic acid Quant-PAK has been designed for the convenient, precise quantification of ω-3 arachidonic acid by GC- or LC-MS.
		It includes a 50 µg vial of ω-3 arachidonic acid-d8 and a precisely weighed vial of unlabeled ω-3 arachidonic acid, with the precise weight (2-4 mg) indicated on the vial.
		This unlabeled ω-3 arachidonic acid can be used to quantify the ω-3 arachidonic acid-d8 standard by constructing a standard curve of peak intensity ratios (deuterated versus unlabeled).
	www.caymanchem.com /promo/chembuyersguide/catalog/10006833.html (186 words)

	Arachidonic Acid, 200 mg, Softgels at AllegroMedical.com
		X-Factor contains red meat's most valuable nutrient for muscle growth: arachidonic acid.
		Arachidonic acid is a chemical messenger released by your muscles during intense weight training, which controls the core physiological response to exercise and regulates the intensity of all growth signals to follow.
		Ingredients: Arachidonix Oil (A Proprietary Blend of Arachidonic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid, Linoleic Acid, y-Linolenic Acid, Dihomo-y-Linolenic Acid, Myristic Acid, Arachidic Acid, Behemic Acid, Lignoceric Acid, and Other Fatty Acids), Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Caramel Color and Carob.
	www.allegromedical.com /arachidonic-acid-200-mg-softgels-195166.html (156 words)

	Sell Arachidonic Acid (10% Powder & 40% Oil) (CBH Qingdao Company Limited,China (Mainland))
		Arachidonic Acid (5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid, ARA) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with four cis double bonds.
		The identity of this member has been verified by a third-party credit-reporting agency.
		Products from other suppliers: Arachidonic Acid, Food Additive, Health Product
	cbhcn.en.alibaba.com /offerdetail/51572597/Sell_Arachidonic_Acid_10_Powder_amp_40_Oil_.html (278 words)

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