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Topic: Arachnoid granulation

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	MedPix -2 Arachnoid Granulation Patient: 5946
		Arachnoid granulations (AGs) or Pacchionian bodies, consist of evaginations of the pia-arachnoid into the dural sinuses or lacunae laterales; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains primarily through these structures, and as such, their malfunction may underlie some cases of communicating hydrocephalus [1].
		These granulations are composed of numerous arachnoid villi; these villi have a thin outer limiting membrane (composed of arachnoid mesothelium and vascular endothelium, demonstrating partial fusion), and a central core composed of collagenous and elastic fibers intermingled with a tubular network [1-3].
		Progressive enlargement of aberrant arachnoid granulations located in the dural surfaces of the temporal bone, or the dural surfaces of the ethmoid and sphenoid sinus air cells, may be a cause of spontaneous CSF otorrhoea or rhinorrhoea in the adult.
	rad.usuhs.mil /medpix/teaching_case.html?mode=answer&quiz=no&pt_id=5946 (771 words)

	Arachnoid granulation
		Arachnoid granulations (and arachnoid villi) are small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura (the thick outer layer).
		Most large granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus, a large venous space running from front to back along the centre of the head (on the inside of the skull).
		Smaller granulations are called villi, large calcified ones are referred to as pacchionian bodies.
	www.wapipedia.com /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Arachnoid_granulation (227 words)

	Physiology III Neuroscience - Ventricles & Meninges
		The arachnoid around the brain is contiguous with the arachnoid lining the inner surface of the spinal dura.
		Arachnoid Barrier cell layer is tenuously attached to the dural border cell layer by occasional cell junctions.
		the dura is adherent to the skull, the arachnoid to the dura, the arachnoid trabeculae to the pia, and the pia to the surface of the brain
	members.tripod.com /mna2001/physiology/physiology3/exam1/phys3.ventriclesmeninges.htm (1654 words)

	[No title]
		Arachnoid mater is one of the three layers of the meninges, a system of membranes that contain the central nervous system.
		Symptoms of an arachnoid cyst are related to the cyst size and location.
		Venusian arachnoid Chaos terrain (or chaotic terrain) is an astrogeological term used to denote planetary surface areas where features such as ridges, cracks, and plains appear jum...
	alldic.empas.com /search/wiki.html?q=arachnoid (287 words)

	Adhesive Arachnoiditis -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Arachnoiditis describes a pain disorder caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord.
		Arachnoiditis appears to be a chronic pain disorder that is not progressive, but does not improve significantly with treatment.
		Arachnoiditis remains a difficult condition to treat, and long-term outcomes are unpredictable.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/1/adhesive-arachnoiditis.html (860 words)

	Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - Tridimensional architecture of the collagen element in the arachnoid granulations in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The arachnoid granulations, first studied by Pacchioni (1705), are projections of the arachnoid to the interior of the dura mater sinuses composed of fibrous and cellular elements and mainly located in the superior sagital sinus.
		The region of the body of the arachnoid granulations was composed of bundles of collagen fibers of varied thicknesses, the largest and thickest bundles constituting the framework of the granulation, while the thinnest were widely distributed as structures similar to spider webs (Figs.
		We agree with the descriptions of the granulations, but, in what concerns the space between the capsule and the body of the granulation, we prefer to adopt the term subcapsular space, once we believe that the subdural space does not exist and that the arachnoid granulations, as a whole, are derived from both meninges.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2003000400007 (2378 words)

	The meninges singular meninx are the system of membranes... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia.
		Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull, the arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the brain.
		A subdurmal hematoma is, therefore, a separation of the arachnoid from the dura mater.
	www.geodatabase.de /Arachnoid (227 words)

	IHRF \| Human Arachnoid Granulation Topography \| Human Arachnoid Granulation Topography
		Kapoor and two independent investigators discovered that the arachnoid granulations were primarily distributed along the longitudinal fissure that separates the two hemispheres of the brain.
		Preliminary analysis revealed that that the average arachnoid granulation surface area for samples from the 38-53 year-old age group was 96.30mm.² For ages 54-68, the surface area decreased to 74.14mm.², while for ages 68 years and older, the surface rose to 110.65mm².
		A comparison of arachnoid granulation surface area as a proportion of total brain surface area was 0.006 for the 38-53 year-old group; 0.00677 for the 54-68 year-old group; and 0.008 for the 68+ year-old group.
	www.ihrfoundation.org /intracranial/hypertension/info/C131 (334 words)

	CranioSacral Therapy and the AIDS Patient \| massagetoday.com
		Fluid inflow and outflow are regulated by the choroid plexuses within the brain's ventricular system, and by the arachnoid granulation bodies.
		This is done through intracranial membrane tension patterns that are broadcast primarily via the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli to the anterior end of the straight venous sinus, where an aggregation of arachnoid granulation bodies is located.
		This concentration of arachnoid granulation bodies is known to affect venous back pressure, which in turn affects the reabsorption of CSF into the blood-vascular system.
	www.massagetoday.com /archives/2003/02/11.html (891 words)

	Incidental Giant Arachnoid Granulation -- Kan et al. 27 (7): 1491 -- American Journal of Neuroradiology
		Arachnoid granulations or villi are growths of arachnoid membrane
		Mamourian AC, Towfighi J. MR of giant arachnoid granulation: a normal variant presenting as a mass within the dural venous sinus.
		Potts DG, Reilly KF, Deonarine V. Morphology of the arachnoid villi and granulations.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/27/7/1491?rss=1 (923 words)

	Central Nervous System
		The CSF is formed by the choroid plexus at a constant rate, therefore in hydrocephalic patients if the CSF is not removed at a conmesurable rate the lateral ventricles dilate progressively, the head circumference increases, the cerebral mantle is compressed laterally and he/she experiences the signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP).
		Hydrocephalus usually results from the obstruction to normal flow of CSF from the lateral ventricles, where it is largely formed, to the arachnoid granulation in the vicinity of the sagittal sinus where it is absorbed.
		In infants this obstruction can be secondary to either, congenital stenosis of the aqueduct that communicates the third and fourth ventricles, perinatal infection or hemorrhage, basal chemical arachnoiditis that follows intraventricular hemorrhage of low birth weight newborns, or the distortion of the fourth ventricle associated with myelomeningocele.
	www.medicalfacts.org /Central_nervous_system/Pediaric_disorders/Hydrocephalus.htm (531 words)

	Arachnoid (brain) - Medicow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Arachnoid cysts are fluid-filled sacs that occur on the arachnoid membrane that covers the brain (intracranial) and the spinal cord (spinal).
		Spinal arachnoid cysts may be associated with progressive weakness of the legs, abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis), back pain, and involuntary muscle spasms (spasticity) that result in slow, stiff movements of the legs.
		The arachnoid layer is the second or middle layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain.
	www.medicow.com /topics/Arachnoid-%28brain%29 (2111 words)

	Meninges:
		Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull in the head, or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord.
		The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue.
		A subarachnoid hemorrhage is acute bleeding under the arachnoid; it may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma.
	www.winelib.com /wiki/Meninges (659 words)

	[No title]
		B. The blood supply for the arachnoid is the circumferential branches of arteries.
		C. Arachnoid is avascular and innervated by the V nerve.
		C. The vascular supply to the arachnoid is the middle meningeal artery.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/anderson/mccsf.html (566 words)

	Chapter 3
		The subarachnoid space beneath the arachnoid membrane is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions the brain.
		The layer of the meninges adjacent to the surface of the brain.
		Small projections of the arachnoid membrane through the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus; CSF flows through them to be reabsorbed into the blood supply.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch03terms.html (1962 words)

	AR Online » CT & CTA » Case Reports » Bilateral parasagittal pacchionian granulations
		The arachnoid villi are small ﬁnger-like projections that consist of the same cellular and septal mesh that forms the structure of the arachnoid, but with less septation and larger spaces.
		These granulations are primarily located in the vicinity of dural venous sinuses and most are close to the sagittal sinus.
		Pacchionian granulations are benign overgrowth of arachnoidal villi that have a radiolucent appearance on a skull X-ray.
	www.appliedradiology.com /case/case.asp?Id=587&IssueID=150&CatID=43&SubCatID=101&ThreadID=&Quiz= (681 words)

	Lecture 9 1/23/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The CSF is pushed around and resorbed by the arachnoid granulations which are ONLY in superior sagittal sinus.
		Arachnoid granulations like a mushroom: stem is in the subarachnoid space and head is in the superior sagittal sinus.
		None of the sinuses have arachnoid granulations EXCEPT superior sagittal sinus.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/rgk8/neuronr9.htm (694 words)

	John Rollinson
		Cerebrospinal fluid passes out of the semi-closed hydraulic system via folds, called arachnoid granulation bodies or arachnoid villae, of the arachnoid layer of the cranial meninges which project through the inner layer of dura mater into the venous sinuses of the brain.
		The rate of reabsorption is fairly constant, but seems nevertheless to be regulated (as the idle of your car) by a cluster of arachnoid granulation bodies found at the anterior end of the straight sinus.
		External to that, the arachnoid mater, internal to which is the subarachnoid space, in which circulates the cerebrospinal fluid and external to which is the subdural space.
	webpages.charter.net /johnrollinson/articles.htm (1331 words)

	Arachnoid granulation at AllExperts
		Arachnoid granulations (and arachnoid villi) are small protrusions of the arachnoid (the thin second layer covering the brain) through the dura (the thick outer layer).
		Most large granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus, a large venous space running from front to back along the centre of the head (on the inside of the skull).
		Smaller granulations are called villi, large calcified ones are referred to as pacchionian bodies.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/ar/arachnoid_granulation.htm (276 words)

	Arachnoid villi what is diabetes Arachnoid villi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Looking for arachnoid villi Find exactly what you want today.
		Netster.com has what you need about Arachnoid villi.
		Occasionally, they are referred to by their old name: Pacchioni's granulations or pacchionian bodies, named after Italian anatomist Antonio Pacchioni.
	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Arachnoid_villi/Arachnoid_villi.html (292 words)

	Subarachnoid space Information
		The Subarachnoid Cavity (subarachnoid space) is the interval between the arachnoid and pia mater.
		It is occupied by a spongy tissue consisting of trabeculæ of delicate connective tissue, and intercommunicating channels in which the subarachnoid fluid is contained.
		At certain parts of the base of the brain, the arachnoid is separated from the pia mater by wide intervals, which communicate freely with each other and are named subarachnoid cisternæ; in these the subarachnoid tissue is less abundant.
	www.bookrags.com /Subarachnoid_space (231 words)

	Intracranial Hypertension - Department of Ophthalmology
		Hydraulic Conductivity of Human Arachnoid Granulation Cells (AGs) in an In Vitro Model of CSF Outflow
		Hydraulic Conductivity of Human Arachnoid Granulation Cap Cells in an In Vitro Model of Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow
		Characterization of cytoskeletal and junctional proteins expressed by cells cultured from human arachnoid granulation tissue
	medicine.osu.edu /ophthalmology/6605.cfm (357 words)

	UCLA NEUROSURGERY \| Pediatric Diseases & Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The CSF is formed by the choroid plexus at a constant rate, therefore in hydrocephalic patients if the CSF is not removed at a conmesurable rate the lateral ventricles dilate progressively, the head circumference increases, the cerebral mantle is compressed laterally and he/she experiences the signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP).
		Hydrocephalus usually results from the obstruction to normal flow of CSF from the lateral ventricles, where it is largely formed, to the arachnoid granulation in the vicinity of the sagittal sinus where it is absorbed.
		In infants this obstruction can be secondary to either, congenital stenosis of the aqueduct that communicates the third and fourth ventricles, perinatal infection or hemorrhage, basal chemical arachnoiditis that follows intraventricular hemorrhage of low birth weight newborns, or the distortion of the fourth ventricle associated with myelomeningocele.
	neurosurgery.ucla.edu /Diagnoses/Pediatric/PediatricDis_9.html (612 words)

	NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
		Cadavers were examined for age-related features of the endocranium including hyperostosis frontalis interna, middle meningeal grooves, arachnoid granulation pits, cranial thickness, and endocranial suture obliteration.
		In the latter, the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures were completely obliterated, the grooves and pits for the middle meningeal artery and arachnoid granulations were generally deep, and in 70 percent of the females over age 70 hyperostosis frontalis interna was present.
		All these age-related features of the skull as well as changes in the cancellous tissue of long bones, development of osteophytes in the vertebral column, ossification of costal cartilages, and other characteristics of the biological process of aging, may be observed in radiographs and applied to the estimation of age among living adults.
	www.ncjrs.gov /app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=121243 (362 words)

	Subarachnoid space - Psychology Wiki
		The Subarachnoid Cavity (subarachnoid space) is the interval between the arachnoid and pia mater.
		It is occupied by a spongy tissue consisting of trabeculæ of delicate connective tissue, and intercommunicating channels in which the subarachnoid fluid is contained.
		At certain parts of the base of the brain, the arachnoid is separated from the pia mater by wide intervals, which communicate freely with each other and are named subarachnoid cisternæ; in these the subarachnoid tissue is less abundant.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Subarachnoid_space (280 words)

	Meninges
		The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
		The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
		The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue.
	www.katrinapetsneedhelp.com /pets/Meninges (669 words)

	UCLA NEUROSURGERY \| Pediatric Diseases & Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The CSF is formed by the choroid plexus at a constant rate, therefore in hydrocephalic patients if the CSF is not removed at a conmesurable rate the lateral ventricles dilate progressively, the head circumference increases, the cerebral mantle is compressed laterally and he/she experiences the signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP).
		Hydrocephalus usually results from the obstruction to normal flow of CSF from the lateral ventricles, where it is largely formed, to the arachnoid granulation in the vicinity of the sagittal sinus where it is absorbed.
		In infants this obstruction can be secondary to either, congenital stenosis of the aqueduct that communicates the third and fourth ventricles, perinatal infection or hemorrhage, basal chemical arachnoiditis that follows intraventricular hemorrhage of low birth weight newborns, or the distortion of the fourth ventricle associated with myelomeningocele.
	www.neurosurgery.ucla.edu /Diagnoses/Pediatric/PediatricDis_9.html (612 words)

	GRANULATION ARACHNOID (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Os granulations arachnoid são saliências pequenas do arachnoid com o dura.
		Os granulations menores são chamados os villi, calcified os grandes são consultados como aos corpos pacchionian.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.faktoport.com /wiki/pt/gr/Granulation%20arachnoid.htm (202 words)

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