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	IX. Neurology. 4g. The Meninges of the Brain and Medulla Spinalis. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The nerves of the cranial dura mater are filaments from the semilunar ganglion, from the ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves, and from the sympathetic.
		The Spinal Dura Mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura) (Fig.
		The Spinal Pia Mater (pia mater spinalis; pia of the cord) (Figs.
	www.bartleby.com /107/193.html (3158 words)

	Adhesive Arachnoiditis
		Adhesive Arachnoiditis is an incurable inflammatory condition affecting the middle (arachnoid) layer of the meninges (which are the membranes surrounding the spinal cord).
		Arachnoiditis: inflammation of the arachnoid layer of the meninges.
		Risk of arachnoiditis is controversial; evidence of toxicity of the preservatives in the preparation points to a need to reappraise the continued clinical use of this procedure.
	www.cofwa.org /Arachnoiditis.htm (3650 words)

	Meninges - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull in the head, or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord.
		The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the CNS.
		A subdural hematoma is, therefore, a separation of the arachnoid from the dura mater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meninges (263 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 876
		The Arachnoid—The arachnoid is a delicate membrane enveloping the brain and medulla spinalis and lying between the pia mater internally and the dura mater externally; it is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
		On the upper surface of the brain the arachnoid is thin and transparent; at the base it is thicker, and slightly opaque toward the central part, where it extends across between the two temporal lobes in front of the pons, so as to leave a considerable interval between it and the brain.
		The arachnoid surrounds the cranial and spinal nerves, and encloses them in loose sheaths as far as their points of exit from the skull and vertebral canal.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page876.html (666 words)

	Meninges Information on Healthline
		The meninges are composed of the dura mater (outer), the arachnoid (middle), and the pia mater (inner).
		The pia mater is thinner and more delicate than the dura mater, and is in direct contact with the neural tissue of the brain and spinal cord.
		Mater is Latin for mother, and thus refers to the membranes' protective and nourishing functions.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/meninges (871 words)

	BRAIN - LoveToKnow Article on BRAIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Between the dura mater and the subjacent arachnoid membrane is a fine space containing a minute quantity of limpid serum, which moistens the smooth inner surface of the dora and the corresponding smooth outer surface of the arachnoid.
		Arachnoid Mater.The arachnoid is a membrane of great delicacy and transparency, which loosely envelops both the brain and spinal cord.
		When traced through the dura mater they are found to spring from the arachnoid: The observations of Luschka and Cleland have proved that villous processes invariably grow from the free surface of that membrane, and that when these villi greatly increase in size they form the bodies in question.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BR/BRAIN.htm (20541 words)

	Meninges \| World of Anatomy and Physiology
		The membranes comprising the meninges are the dura mater, arachnoid layer, and the pia mater.
		The dura mater consists of a periosteal layer, a meningeal layer, and a dural sinus.
		The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges.
	www.bookrags.com /research/meninges-wap (355 words)

	SPINE DOCTOR - Surgery
		In reality the aura mater, the arachnoid mater, the pia mater and the surrounding vasculature are involved to varying degrees.
		Arachnoiditis may result from infectious meningitis; subarachnoid bleeding from trauma, arteriovenous malformations, or iatrogenic puncture; intrathecally administered oil based contrast agents; intrathecal corticosteroids; surgery within or about the thecal sac and nerve roots; lumbar disc disease; spinal stenosis; segmental instability; herniated disc; as a familial disorder; or it may arise spontaneously.
		If symptoms are attributable to arachnoiditis, are progressive and occur within 1 year of the surgical procedure consideration may be given to microsurgical lysis of the subarachnoid adhesions.
	www.spine-dr.com /site/surgery/surgery_article4.html (1082 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for arachnoid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pia mater, a very thin membrane, adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
		In Mammalia the meninges are the dura mater, arachnoid layer, and the pia mater.
		Below the arachnoid membrane, in the space between it and the pia mater.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=arachnoid (696 words)

	Unconsciousness
		The three layers are:- the dura mater, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.
		The dura mater is the outermost layer and thus is the toughest of the three membranes.
		Finally beneath the arachnoid mater and closest to the brain, is the pia mater, a transparent membrane that actually touches the brain and spinal cord.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /salaciousmedic/uncon.htm (1340 words)

	IAHE - Events & Press
		They are the dura mater (named for its coarse aspect), the arachnoid mater (which is spiderweb-like), and the pia (or frail) mater.
		Five or six layers of tightly junctioned arachnoid cells separate the dura from the arachnoid layer and constitute a dura-arachnoid "barrier" that prevents the cerebrospinal fluid from escaping to the dura mater in physiological conditions.
		Some arachnoid villi can be found in the spinal canal, and they are shown to absorb 16 percent of the cerebrospinal fluid in animals.
	www.iahe.com /controller/ArticleDisplay?id=10344 (2974 words)

	The Meninges
		The meninges, (singular meninx), are three membranous envelopes—the pia mater, the arachnoid, and the dura mater—that surround the brain and spinal cord.
		The pia mater is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
		Over the pia mater and separated from it by a space called the subarachnoid space is a second meningeal envelope of the central nervous system, the arachnoid, a thin membrane remarkable for its delicacy and transparency.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /ebookprint.php?id=813 (607 words)

	Arachnoid Cysts
		Spinal arachnoid cysts may be associated with progressive weakness of the legs, abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis), back pain, and involuntary muscle spasms (spasticity) that result in slow, stiff movements of the legs.
		Intradural arachnoid cysts of the spinal canal associated with intramedullary cysts.
		Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa and traumatic complications.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord989.htm (2298 words)

	causes
		Arachnoid cysts are fluid-filled sacs that occur on the arachnoid membrane that covers the brain (intracranial) and the spinal cord (spinal).
		Arachnoid cysts appear on the arachnoid membrane, and they may also expand into the space between the pia mater and arachnoid membranes (subarachnoid space).
		Because many cases of arachnoid cysts have no symptoms, it is difficult to determine the true frequency of this disorder in the general population.
	arachnoidcyst.org /technical/causes.htm (186 words)

	The Spinal Cord (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arachnoid Mater is the second layer of the meninges.
		However, at regular intervals, the outer layer of pia mater leaves the spinal cord and inserts into the dura mater forming what appear to be teeth of a comb.
		That portion of the filum terminale which is a continuation of the pia mater inside the dural sac is referred to as the filum terminale internum.
	cats.med.uvm.edu /cats_teachingmod/gross_anatomy/back/pages/spinal_cord.html (565 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for mater
		Below the dura mater, between it and the arachnoid membrane.[From Latin sub under + dura mater hard mother, a literal translation of the Arabic name of the brain's outer membrane]...
		As a goddess of fertility, she was worshiped at festivals held in January (in conjunction with Ceres) and in April.
		Lauded school adds locations: The newest addition to the Mater Academy Charter school family, Mater Gardens Academy, is now under construction and plans to open for the upcoming school.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=mater&StartAt=11 (822 words)

	[No title]
		Superiorly it adheres to the margin of the foramen magnum where it is in continuity with the cranial dura mater; inferiorly it is anchored to the coccyx by the filum terminale.
		The arachnoid mater is a thin avascular membrane that also ensheathes the spinal cord and the spinal nerve roots.
		The spinal cord is suspended in the dural sac by pairs of segmental denticulate ligaments, composed of pia mater.
	www.frca.co.uk /article.aspx?articleid=100360 (1227 words)

	Nonselective Epidural Steroid Injection: General Principles
		The spinal cord and nerve roots are surrounded by three meningeal layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater (Figure 1).
		The pia mater represents the deepest meningeal layer and is adherent to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.
		The epidural (extradural) space of the spine surrounds the dural sac and is located between the dura mater and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly, the pedicles and intervertebral foramina laterally, and the ligamentum flavum and lamina posteriorly (Figures 2, 3).
	members.cox.net /injections/esi_principles.htm (1425 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Arachnoid mater
		The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
		The delicate, spiderweb-like (therefore the name) arachnoid layer, attached to the inside of the dura, surrounds the brain and spinal cord but does not line the brain down into its sulci (folds).
		Cerebrospinal fluid flows under this membrane in the subarachnoid space, which is full of the delicate fibres of the arachnoid extending down to attach to the pia mater.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Arachnoid_mater (282 words)

	Arachnoid mater . Enpsychlopedia
		It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.
		The arachnoid and pia mater are sometimes considered as a single structure, the leptomeninx, or the plural version, leptomeninges.
		While mater does not technically belong with the arachnoid layer, it has nevertheless been adopted by it for uniformity with the other meninges, and arachnoid mater is currently the Terminologia Anatomica international standard.
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/Arachnoid_mater (440 words)

	Meninges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The subarachnoid space is the space that normally existsbetween the arachnoid and the pia.
		Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull, the arachnoid is attached to thedura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the brain.
		A subdural hematoma is, therefore, a separation of thearachnoid from the dura mater.
	www.therfcc.org /meninges-40806.html (189 words)

	Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Viscera of the Head & Neck
		arachnoid mater is a thin membrane which is pressed against the inner surface of the dura mater by cerebrospinal fluid pressure; arachnids are spiders, the space deep to this layer (subarachnoid space) has a spider web-like appearance
		the periosteal layer of cranial dura mater attaches loosely to the inner surface of the cranial cavity; equivalent to periosteum of the cranial bones; participates in the formation of the dural venous sinuses
		thread-like extension of the pia mater from the conus medullaris of the spinal cord
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /anatomytables/viscera_head_neck.html (4440 words)

	Physiology and Anatomy 2ed \| John Clancy and Andrew McVicar \| Arnold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The dura mater (outer layer), the arachnoid mater (middle layer) and the pia mater (inner layer).
		Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the sub-arachnoid space.
		The pia mater is a delicate membrane that is firmly bound to the underlying neural tissue.
	www.arnoldpublishers.com /physiologyandanatomy/Answers/AnsCh08.htm (1540 words)

	Meninges - Psychology Wiki
		The meninges consist of three layers, the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
		Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull in the head, or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord.
		The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Meninges (485 words)

	shaken baby syndrome
		The membrane which surrounds the brain is made of three layers: closest to the skull is the dura mater followed by the arachnoid mater and then the pia mater located closest to the brain.
		The subarachnoid space located deep to the arachnoid mater (between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater) is an actual fluid filled space.
		The subdural space located deep to the dura mater (between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater) is a potential space into which bleeding can occur resulting in a pool of blood called a subdural hematoma.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~lcscott/shakenbabysyndrome.html (875 words)

	Protection of the Central Nervous System
		In parts of the dura mater, the double layers are separated by sinuses, large blood vessels.
		Arachnoid connects to the innermost layer of the dura mater, the pia mater by allowing projections to unite to two sections of the dura mater.
		Arachnoid granulations protrude into the large sinuses present within the dura mater.
	www.angelfire.com /ok5/group2/protection.htm (530 words)

	THE MENINGES
		The cells of the pia mater are similar to those of the arachnoid, but the pia itself is thinner than the arachnoid.
		Arachnoid villi are diverticula of the arachnoid mater and the subarachnoid space which extend into veins and venous sinuses of the dura.
		Arachnoid granulations are larger than villi and are visible to the naked eye, whereas villi are microscopical structures.
	sabryabdelfattah.tripod.com /docs/MENINGES.htm (901 words)

	The Spinal Cord
		It very closely follows the dura mater but is not adhered to it.
		The dura and arachnoid are separated by a potential space termed the subdural space.
		The subarachnoid space is filled with CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) which baths the brain and spinal cord with shock absorbing fluid.
	www.etsu.edu /cpah/hsci/forsman/spinalcordnotes.htm (967 words)

	[No title]
		The spinal dura mater is continuous with the dura mater lining the skull and continues to the level of the second sacral vertebra.
		Normally the arachnoid mater is closely applied to the underside of the dura mater, but a potential space exists, the subdural space, which can fill with blood or pus under pathologic conditions.
		Both the arachnoid and pia mater are continuous with the arachnoid and pia surrounding the brain, but unlike the arachnoid, which follows the dura mater, the pia essentially ends, with the caudal end of the spinal cord, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
	www.emory.edu /ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/back.html (2141 words)

	Meninges - MEDSTUDENTS - NEUROANATOMY
		The external layer of the dura mater, derived from the internal layer of cranial periosteum, is adherent to the inner surface of the skull, and continuous with the ectocranial periosteum through the foramina of the skull.
		Pia mater is a delicate layer constituting with the arachnoid the leptomeninges (slender membranes).
		The pia mater, however, adheres closely to the irregular contours of the brain and spinal cord, and the width of the subarachnoid space becomes deeper in the region of major sulci, containing more amounts of cerebrospinal fluid, forming the subarachnoid cisterns.
	www.medstudents.com.br /basic/neuran/neuran2.htm (2113 words)

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