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	Aragonese Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From 1137, the Crown of Aragon also ruled Catalonia, and later, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, Sicily and Sardinia, and at least temporarily Roussillon, Provence, Naples and Athens, until 1479 when the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon to Isabella I of Castile unified their kingdoms.
		In the Late Middle Ages, the Aragonese expansion southwards met with the Castilian advance northward in the region of Murcia.
		The Crown of Aragon was abolished after the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713) and all its lands were incorporated, as provinces, into Spanish administration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aragonese_Empire (692 words)

	CHAPTER FIFTEEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Navarre did not, however, lose her distinctive regime ÷an exception to the policy of the Crown of Castile; her incorporation left her with the autonomy that had characterized the policy followed by the great monarchs of the House of Barcelona.
		Lured by the Mediterranean policy of the Catalan-Aragonese Crown, Castile adopted a course of action on the European problem that was diametrically opposed to that which she had followed during the Middle Ages ÷that is, the new course opposed the interests of France, her faithful ally since the time of the Trastámara King, Henry II.
		Although the court indiscriminately employed Castilian and Aragonese men and resources to achieve its objectives, the discovery of America (1492) was conceived as an enterprise of the Castilian Crown, as a monopoly that the latter must defend on behalf of her subjects at any cost.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /SPANISH/courses/sp2230/Vicens_ordering.html (2085 words)

	Chapter 5: A History of Spain and Portugal
		The Aragonese were rude and poor, but they developed the warlike qualities of their Castilian cousins to the west and by the mid-eleventh century had generated a military force disproportionate to their size or wealth.
		After 1348, the Aragonese nobility made little further effort to contest the sovereignty of the crown in the general affairs of the kingdom, in part because the crown accepted the social, juridical, and economic authority of the nobility on their local domains.
		The Aragonese aristocracy had provided most of the military strength for the conquest of the region, but the crown was eager to avoid adding the whole new territory to the possessions of that domineering caste and so kept it separate and encouraged Catalan immigration.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne5.htm (10921 words)

	Aragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Aragón was also the name of the crown, because of the dynastic union of a Count of Barcelona (Ramon Berenguer IV) with a Queen of Aragón (Petronila of Aragon), their son inheriting all their respective territories.
		The King of Aragón was the direct King of the Aragonese region, and held also the title of, (for a time), Count of Barcelona, Lord of Montpellier, and, only temporally, Duke of Athens and Neopatria.
		The real centre of this kingdom was Barcelona, since it had a seaport and was near the geographical centre of the Crown of Aragon, while Valencia was the most important seaport for trade until approximately the 18th century.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Aragon (590 words)

	[No title]
		After one year from the Aragonese invasion, the 13 of june, 1324, in Bonaria Hill, a peace treaty was signed between Pisa and the crown of Aragona, still fighting for the conquest of Pisa's territories in Sardinia, namely: Campidano, Gallura and Logudoro.
		In 1421, Sassari was annexed to the Crown of Aragona and King Alphonso V (1416-1458) authorized the opening of a new mint, only for the coinage of the "minuto".
		Mint of Alghero This city was the Aragonese stronghold in Sardinia during the reign of Peter IV of Aragona (1336-1387).
	web.tiscali.it /nataleridolfini/index2.htm (3025 words)

	The Town In Service Of War In The Medieval Crown Of Aragon
		It is the purpose of this paper to explore the role of the town in the medieval Crown of Aragon as a source and conduit of supplies to the royal host.
		To understand how Aragonese and Catalan armies sustained themselves in such a sparsely populated and largely inaccessible landscape which was, however, ringed with towns, we can do no better than to turn to two Carolingian capitularies which laid out military guidelines that remained largely in place across Europe until the end of the Middle Ages.
		In the Crown of Aragon, clergy, nobility and townsmen were summoned for army service by letter or oral message delivered by royal officials or messengers.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/ARTICLES/kagay.htm (4522 words)

	Aragon. Who is Aragon? What is Aragon? Where is Aragon? Definition of Aragon. Meaning of Aragon.
		In addition to Spanish, there is an original Aragonese language, still spoken in some valleys of the Pyrenees, which is different from the Aragonese dialect of Castilian Spanish language.
		Catalan is spoken as well in some comarques (counties) adjacent to Catalonia, in particular: the Ribagorzan dialect in Ribagorza (capital Benabarre) and Litera (capital Tamarite de Litera), and a dialect similar to that of Terra Alta in Matarraña (capital Valderrobres) and Bajo Cinca (capital Fraga).
		The real center of this kingdom was Barcelona, since it was the Catalan counts that inherited the Aragonese Crown and not the other way around.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Aragon (364 words)

	The Reconquest of Iberia
		They were descendants of Wilfrid the Hairy (874-98), who at the end of the ninth century declared his fief free of the French crown, monopolized lay and ecclesiastical offices on both sides of the Pyrenees, and divided them--according to Frankish custom--among members of the family.
		Aragonese commercial interests extended to the Black Sea, and the ports of Barcelona and Valencia prospered from traffic in textiles, drugs, spices, and slaves.
		Economic dislocation, caused by recurring plagues and by the commercial decline of Catalonia, was the occasion for repeated revolts by regional nobility, town corporations, peasants, and, in Barcelona, by the urban proletariat.
	www.geocities.com /ihusselbee/crusader/reconquest.htm (2244 words)

	Aragonese Empire biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The union of the two territories of Catalonia and Aragon was caused by the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV and Petronila of Aragon.
		Later the king Ferdinand II of Aragon recovered the northern catalan counties and married queen Isabella I of Castile in 1479.
		The Crown of Aragon was abolished after the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713).
	aragonese-empire.biography.ms (456 words)

	BMM nº49
		The first "counts-kings" of the Catalan-Aragonese Crown had made Barcelona their de facto capital, but they also managed to take advantage of the valuable initiatives the growth of the city itself had generated.
		A strong and rich Barcelona was in fact a guarantee of sustained power for a Crown that provided institutional cohesiveness to a feudal state the members of which tended to display centrifugal tendencies.
		Barcelona, as a Royal City, enjoyed special privileges as well as the Crown's support in all its undertakings, while the Crown recognized and used the increasingly powerful influence of a city that nevertheless remained loyal as a basis for the legitimization of its own authority.
	www.bcn.es /publicacions/bmm/49/ang_07.htm (3709 words)

	SICILIAN VESPERS - LoveToKnow Article on SICILIAN VESPERS
		This intervention, however, changed the character of the movement, and the free communes which had been proclaimed throughout the island had to submit to the royal prerogatives and to a revived feudalism.
		But Charless fleet was completely destroyed off Malta by that of the Sicilians and Aragonese, commanded by the Calabrese Ruggiero di Lauria (June 1283), and a second fleet met with a similar fate a year later in the bay of Naples, on which occasion Charless son (afterwards Charles II., lo Zoppo) was captured.
		Alphonso died in 1291, and was succeeded by his brother James, who took possession of the Aragonese crown, leaving his brother Frederick as governor of Sicily, thus uniting the two kingdoms, in violation of King Peters promises.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VE/VESPERS_SICILIAN.htm (1109 words)

	Imperial Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Crown of Aragon comprised three kingdoms in Iberia: Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia.
		The newly organized principality of Andalusia was appended to the Crown of Castile.
		The Inquisition was mainly a Castilian phenomenon—but several decades later it became established in the Crown of Aragon as well.
	members.aol.com /TFGrantel/books/imp_spain.html (858 words)

	Constance of Aragon - Best of Sicily Magazine
		To historians, the phrase "the crown" (much like "the throne") usually refers to royal authority, implying that an actual crown is one of those few objects that assumes its truest meaning only when it is worn by the person for whom it is intended.
		Her presence in Sicily was the first significant involvement of the Aragonese dynasty with the Kingdom of Sicily, and something that would be remembered during the Vespers uprising in 1282 --following which the Aragonese-Spanish dynasty subsequently ruled Sicily for several centuries.
		Were it not for her splendid imperial crown, the only one publicly displayed in Sicily, Constance might not be remembered at all.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art61.htm (761 words)

	ARAGON FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Split from the kingdom_of_Navarre, the kingdom of AragÃ³n was re-established in 1035 and lasted until 1707.
		AragÃ³n was also the name of the crown, because of the dynastic union of a Count_of_Barcelona (Ramon Berenguer IV) with a Queen of AragÃ³n (Petronila_of_Aragon), their son inheriting all their respective territories.
		The King of AragÃ³n was the direct King of the Aragonese region, and held also the title of King_of_Valencia, King_of_Mallorca (for a time), Count_of_Barcelona, Lord of Montpellier, and, only temporally, Duke of Athens and Neopatria.
	www.gottaorderflowers.com /Aragon (501 words)

	James II of Aragon Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Catalan languageCatalan is spoken as well in some ''comarques'' (counties) adjacent to Catalonia, in particular: the Ribagorzan dialect in Ribagorza (capital Benabarre) and Litera (capital Binefar), and a dialect similar to that of Terra Alta in Matarraña (capital Valderrobres) and Bajo Cinca (capital Fraga).
		Aragón was also the name of the crown, because of the dynastic union of a Count of Barcelona (Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of BarcelonaRamon Berenguer IV) with a Queen of Aragón (Petronila of Aragon), their son inheriting all their respective territories.
		The King of Aragón was the direct King of the Aragonese region, and held also the title of King of Valencia, King of Mallorca (for a time), Count of Barcelona, Lord of Montpellier, and, only temporally, Duchy of AthensDuke of Athens and Neopatria.
	www.echostatic.com /index.php?title=James_II_of_Aragon (677 words)

	SOUL OF ARAGÓN "
		This fondness of the Aragonese people for their personal freedom has deeply marked their history and, through its influence, the history of Spain, since many of these Aragonese institutions have been included, often with the explicit mention of the Aragonese traditions, in the different Spanish Constitutions, even though today they look like natural, logical principles.
		From this fondness for their freedoms the Aragonese people have acquired a reputation for being stubborn, and occasionally they have become the target of easy, gross jokes, simply because people have forgotten the real reasons for their character.
		The kingdom of Aragón was ruled by a dynasty with the same name, the House of Aragón, "the Aragons", which absorbed the dynasty of the countship of Barcelona in 1150, in compliance with a marriage and adoption pact signed in 1137.
	www.coralsantateresa.org /soul.html (395 words)

	Origins of the Aragonese-Catalan Flag (Spain)
		Aragon was only one of the kingdoms of the Catalan crown, the one with the best-known name, but politically and economically insignifiant.
		The Aragonese flag, on the other hand, was similar to the one of Sardinia (St. George's Cross with a moor's head in each quarter).
		When the kingdom of Aragon became the Crown of Aragon this flag was common to all its components and established as one with 4 (four) pallets, and thus it was Catalonia who adopted the signal of Aragon when the count of Barcelona married the heiress of Aragon, committing himself to take charge of her kingdom.
	www.fotw.net /flags/es-ct_ar.html (2892 words)

	Chapter 13: A History of Spain and Portugal
		The government of the Spanish crown was organized on the basis of a series of separate councils for various regions and branches of governmental activity, expanded over a period of one hundred years.
		A truce was signed with the Spanish crown in 1578 and renewed periodically for the rest of the century.
		The crown was determined to combat the conquest of the French throne by the Protestant Henri IV, and in this connection Felipe II pressed the claim of his daughter, Isabel Clara Eugenia, whose mother had been a French princess.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne13.htm (8447 words)

	backup - pafn116 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The son of Ramn Berenguer IV, Alfonso succeeded his father as count ofBarcelona and his mother as ruler of Aragon, thus associating the twocountries under the house of Barcelona--a union that was destined to bepermanent.
		Aragonese involvement in France became steadily greater duringAlfonso's reign.
		Nevertheless, the conquest of Teruel (1171) opened theway for the conquest of Valencia; and, in 1179, the pact of Cazorla withhis ally, Alfonso VIII of Castile, fixed the future zones of reconquestfor the two countries.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~guyasims/pafn116.htm (252 words)

	Aragón - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The passionate attachment of the Aragonese to their liberties was illustrated by the episode of Antonio Pérez under Philip II and by the heroic defense of Zaragoza in the Peninsular War.
		Best known as a dance, the Aragonese jota is also traditionally sung by agricultural workers and groups of seamstresses, but the lyrics are usually amatory and rarely refer to the task in hand.
		The Aragonese, in their pride in the dance, say that a pretty girl dancing the Jota sends an arrow in every heart by each one of her movements...
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?mode=hybrid&t=67101 (1718 words)

	Aragon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Aragón was also the name of a crown, because of the dynastical union of a Count of Barcelona (Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of BarcelonaRamon Berenguer IV) with a Queen of Aragón (Petronila of Aragon), their son inheriting all territories.
		The King of Aragón was the direct King of the Aragonese region, and held also the title of King of Valencia, King of Mallorca (during a time), "Count of Barcelona", "Señor de Montpellier", and, only temporally, Duch of Athenes and Neopatria.
		Present-day historians usually call the Crown the "Crown of Aragón", the "Catalan-Aragonese Confederation" or, some of them, simply "Catalonia-Aragón", many times depending on whether that historician lives in Aragón or in Catalonia.
	www.infothis.com /find/Aragon (800 words)

	ARAGONESE EMPIRE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The regime began in 1035, as the Kingdom_of_Aragon, ruling roughly the area still known as Aragon.
		From 1137, the Crown of Aragon also ruled Catalonia, and later, Valencia, the Balearic_Islands, Sicily and Sardinia, and at least temporarily Roussillon, Provence, Naples and Athens, until 1479 when the marriage of Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon to Isabella_I_of_Castile unified their kingdoms.
		The union of the two territories of Catalonia and Aragon was caused by the marriage of Ramon_Berenguer_IV%2C_Count_of_Barcelona and Petronila_of_Aragon, later Queen Regnant of Aragon.
	www.witwib.com /Aragonese_Empire (597 words)

	Aragon
		In 1406, upon the death of his elder brother King Henry III of Castile, Ferdinand declined the Castilian crown and instead, with Henry's widow Catherine, became coregent during the minority of his nephew John II of Castile.
		Ferdinand had hoped by this alliance to obtain the Castilian crown for himself, but his high-spirited and politically astute wife firmly retained sovereign authority in her own realm.
		On his wife's death, the crown of Castile passed to his daughter Joanna and her husband, Philip the Fair of Burgundy in 1506.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/aragon.htm (1998 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Crown hereupon took over its troops, and in 1495 it was reduced to the standing of a country constabulary; in Aragon it was abolished in 1510.
		The Aragonese first disputed Charles' right to call Cortes; they next demanded proof of Juana's incapacity; and when, finally, they consented to acknowledge him as King in conjunction with her, they insisted on declaring that, if she should recover, she alone would be Queen in Aragon.
		The accident of the possessions of the Aragonese Crown in Italy, the election to the Empire, and the inheritance of the House of Burgundy checked and warped her development as an African and Atlantic Power; but foreign courtiers were no longer allowed to treat her as a conquered country.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh111.html (17172 words)

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