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Topic: Aragonese Crusade

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Chapter 5: A History of Spain and Portugal Support from Rome fortified Aragonese independence in the face of the imperial claims of the Leonese crown, and in 1063 introduced the first step in the development of the crusade, bringing military assistance from France that enabled the Aragonese crown to seize the key Muslim town of Barbastro in 1064. The Aragonese were rude and poor, but they developed the warlike qualities of their Castilian cousins to the west and by the mid-eleventh century had generated a military force disproportionate to their size or wealth. The Aragonese aristocracy had provided most of the military strength for the conquest of the region, but the crown was eager to avoid adding the whole new territory to the possessions of that domineering caste and so kept it separate and encouraged Catalan immigration. libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne5.htm   (10921 words)

Chapter 5: A History of Spain and Portugal Support from Rome fortified Aragonese independence in the face of the imperial claims of the Leonese crown, and in 1063 introduced the first step in the development of the crusade, bringing military assistance from France that enabled the Aragonese crown to seize the key Muslim town of Barbastro in 1064. Momentarily in a weak position, Pere was forced to restore the privileges of the Union to the Aragonese aristocracy and to ratify the institution of a justicia mayor for the Valencian Corts. The Aragonese aristocracy had provided most of the military strength for the conquest of the region, but the crown was eager to avoid adding the whole new territory to the possessions of that domineering caste and so kept it separate and encouraged Catalan immigration. libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne5.htm   (10921 words)

5. Aragon. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History After the union, the Aragonese kings, preoccupied with Spanish affairs, let Provence drift, and on the death of Alfonso II (1162–96) it passed to his son Alfonso, nominally under the suzerainty of his brother Peter (Pedro) II (1196–1213), but in fact lost for good. Peter went to Rome (1204) for a papal coronation, declared himself a vassal of the Holy See, and bore an honorable part at Las Navas de Tolosa, but he was forced by the horrors of the Albigensian Crusade and the legitimate appeals of his vassals to oppose Simon de Montfort at Muret, where he fell. Against the will of his Aragonese nobles, but with the support of his Catalonian and French vassals, James conquered the Balearic Islands (1229–35), thus beginning the creation of an Aragonese Mediterranean empire. www.bartleby.com /67/479.html   (828 words)

BERNARD, SAINT - Online Information article about BERNARD, SAINT It Albigensian was because they did not succeed that necessity and crusades the violence of human passions subsequently forced him into a course of action which he had not chosen and which led him further than he wished to go. When he was compelled to decree the Albigensian crusade he endeavoured more than once to discontinue the work, which had become perverted, and to curb the crusading ardour of Simon de Montfort. Although all these popes, and Gregory X. especially, never ceased theoretically to urge the Christian world to the crusade, they were actuated by the desire of remaining faithful to tradition, and more particularly by the political and financial advantages accruing to the Holy See from the preaching and the crusading expeditions. encyclopedia.jrank.org /BEC_BER/BERNARD_SAINT.html   (828 words)

Perpignan - free-definition King Philip III of France died there in 1285, as he was returning from the unsuccessful crusade against the Aragonese Crown. The cathedral of St Jean was begun in 1324 and finished in 1509. www.free-definition.com /Perpignan.html   (828 words)

Peter Iii - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK Peter's Sicilian venture was unpopular with the Aragonese nobility and towns, and he was compelled to grant them wide privileges to quell their opposition. Peter III (Peter the Great), 1239?-1285, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1276-85) and king of Sicily (1282-85); son and successor of James I. In 1280 he established Aragonese influence on the northern shores of Africa. A crusade against Aragón was organized by the pope and the French, who invaded Catalonia but were repulsed by Peter and defeated at sea by Roger of Loria www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Peter3-Arag   (336 words)

Articles - Peter I of Cyprus In 1353 he married Eleanor of Aragon-Gandia, daughter of Infante Don Pedro of Aragon, Count of Ribagorza, and his wife Jeanne de Foix, and sister of Infante Don Alfonso, Duke of Gandia, pretender to the Aragonese crown. His father Hugh attempted to stop his desire to lead a new crusade and retake Jerusalem, but upon his death Peter began his plans in earnest. www.sidepoint.com /articles/Peter_I_of_Cyprus   (336 words)

Chapter 5: A History of Spain and Portugal Support from Rome fortified Aragonese independence in the face of the imperial claims of the Leonese crown, and in 1063 introduced the first step in the development of the crusade, bringing military assistance from France that enabled the Aragonese crown to seize the key Muslim town of Barbastro in 1064. Aragonese interests emerged unscathed from this long contest with a powerful rival, thanks in large part to the diplomatic [112] skill of Pere IV in finding allies and playing off Castilian factions against each other. The Aragonese aristocracy had provided most of the military strength for the conquest of the region, but the crown was eager to avoid adding the whole new territory to the possessions of that domineering caste and so kept it separate and encouraged Catalan immigration. libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne5.htm   (336 words)

Albigensian Crusade Information - TextSheet.com The Cathars were especially numerous in southern France, in the region of Languedoc, then part of the Catalan-Aragonese Confederation or Kingdom of Aragon. The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) was part of the Roman Catholic Church's efforts to crush the Cathars. aaronkid.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/a/al/albigensian_crusade.html   (336 words)

Martin Alvira Cabrer 12 de Septiembre de 1213 Anglo-Saxon and French scholarship traditionally speaks of Aragon and the Aragonese (Aragonese king, Aragonese kingdom) to identify the Crown of Aragon as a whole. 49-142) is an introduction to the geographical, political, historical and historiographical context of Occitan and the involvement of the Aragonese crown in the area (1140-1212). The book does provide a general vision of the Occitan politics of the Crown of Aragon and, of course, this includes aspects relating to the Crusade. www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/review20.htm   (1485 words)

AllRefer.com - Peter II, king of AragOn (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biographies) - Encyclopedia In 1213, Peter went to the assistance of his brother-in-law Raymond VI of Toulouse and his own vassals in France against Simon de Montfort, leader of the Albigensian Crusade. He was slain in the battle of Muret, which marked the end of Aragonese hegemony in S France. In 1212 he helped Alfonso VIII of Castile defeat the Moors at Las Navas de Tolosa. reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Peter2-Arag.html   (1485 words)

WHKMLA : History of the Papal State, 1447-1471 The next pope, Callistus III., intensified the effort to organize a crusade; the pope himself contributed by equipping a fleet, which, commanded by Cardinal Scarappa, only gained minor temporary successes. Paul II., however, l acked his predecessor's enthusiasm for the crusade, which did not materialize. The pope also granted many positions to his (Aragonese) countrymen; after his death, the mob of Rome rioted against "the Catalans". www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/papalstate14471471.html   (1485 words)

WHKMLA : History of the Papal State, 1447-1471 The next pope, Callistus III., intensified the effort to organize a crusade; the pope himself contributed by equipping a fleet, which, commanded by Cardinal Scarappa, only gained minor temporary successes. The pope also granted many positions to his (Aragonese) countrymen; after his death, the mob of Rome rioted against "the Catalans". Paul II., however, l acked his predecessor's enthusiasm for the crusade, which did not materialize. www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/papalstate14471471.html   (1485 words)

30th Generation In the course of their negotiations, he was promised the hand of the Aragonese king Ramiro II's daughter and heir, Petronila (Peronella); they were married on August 11, 1137, and a few months later on November 13, Ramiro II abdicated in favor of his daughter and son-in-law. Upon his death in 1164 Petronila renounced the crown of Aragon in favor of her eldest son Ramon, who, in compliment to the Aragonese, changed his name to Alfonso. Duke Robert Curthose, the eldest of the three brothers, who by feudal custom had succeeded to his father's inheritance, Normandy, was returning from the First Crusade and could not assert his own claim to the English throne until the following year. www.boazfamilytree.com /jbourchier/aqwg17.htm   (1485 words)

Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck The Pope's crusade against Aragon led by France's King Philip III was defeated by Aragonese and Catalan forces and the navy led by de Lauria; after an epidemic the retreating French troops were slaughtered. Nobles in Aragon disliked the influence of Roman law and lawyers; in 1265 the Cortes of Egea made Jaime confirm traditional Aragonese laws, and nobles were to be tried by a judge appointed from their class. In Aragon and Catalonia conditions for rural workers were still difficult as indicated by a document from the Cortes of Huesca in 1245. www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html   (23862 words)

AllRefer.com - Peter III, king of AragOn and king of Sicily (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia Peter III (Peter the Great), 1239?–1285, king of AragOn and count of Barcelona (1276–85) and king of Sicily (1282–85); son and successor of James I. In 1280 he established Aragonese influence on the northern shores of Africa. Peter's Sicilian venture was unpopular with the Aragonese nobility and towns, and he was compelled to grant them wide privileges to quell their opposition. A crusade against AragOn was organized by the pope and the French, who invaded Catalonia but were repulsed by Peter and defeated at sea by Roger of Loria. reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Peter3-Arag.html   (359 words)

Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck Nobles in Aragon disliked the influence of Roman law and lawyers; in 1265 the Cortes of Egea made Jaime confirm traditional Aragonese laws, and nobles were to be tried by a judge appointed from their class. King Henry III was distracted from the Castilian crusade against the Moors and a Palestine crusade when he accepted the crown of Sicily for his son Edmund. Pedro III sent his eldest son Alfonso to punish his brother Jaime of Majorca for siding with the French, but Pedro died in 1285. www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html   (359 words)

Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck The Pope's crusade against Aragon led by France's King Philip III was defeated by Aragonese and Catalan forces and the navy led by de Lauria; after an epidemic the retreating French troops were slaughtered. In 1227 he sent priests to baptize Karelians; but in 1237 Pope Gregory IX was told the Tavastians had rejected Christianity, and he proclaimed a crusade against them. Pope Boniface himself was under attack in Rome by the Colonna family, and in July 1297 his bull Etsi de statu allowed the King to ask for subsidies from the clergy without his consent; the Pope also pleased Philip by canonizing his grandfather Louis IX. www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html   (23696 words)

Saint King Louis IX Capet of France (1214-1270) In 1258 Louis signed the Treaty of Corbeil, relinquishing to the kingdom of Aragón all French claims to Barcelona and Roussillon, in return for which the Aragonese renounced their claims to parts of Provence and Languedoc. During the latter years Louis was in the Holy Land on the Seventh Crusade (see Crusades: The Later Crusades). Louis and his forces were defeated and captured in Egypt in 1250, and the king remained in Palestine for four years before returning to France. www.geocities.com /Heartland/Ranch/8882/Notes/00188.htm   (201 words)

1200 - 1300 Louis IX of France signs the Treaty of Corbeil, relinquishing to the kingdom of Aragón all French claims to Barcelona and Roussillon, in return for which the Aragonese renounced their claims to parts of Provence and Languedoc. Louis IX of France and the crusaders capture the Egyptian seaport of Damiette. Pope Innocent III proclaims a Crusade against the Albigenses (a religious sect) in Southern France. www.medievaltymes.com /courtyard/1200_-_1299.htm   (1795 words)

The Spanish Church and the Papacy in the Thirteenth Century Still, if only in that Jaime took the trouble to manipulate the Church, there is a marked contrast between his approach and Fernando's; and at least some weight may be attached to his assertion, that he felt bound to plead on behalf of the Aragonese Church which had so readily assisted him in the past. By way of illustration, both of this and of other matters discussed in the foregoing chapters, we may conclude with some account of the Spanish Crusade when the Christian kings took the initiative once more in the early fourteenth century. Jaime's man at Avignon, Bernat dez Fonollar, advanced the traditional argument: since it was in the Almighty's interest that Granada should be recaptured, the pope and the cardinals were morally obliged to provide every assistance. libro.uca.edu /scp/spc10.htm   (1795 words)

pope_pius_ii.html After allying himself with Ferdinand, the Aragonese claimant of the throne of Naples, his next important act was to convene a congress of the representatives of Christian princes at Mantua for joint action against the Turks. Pius was unawares nearing his end, and his malady probably prompted the feverish impatience with which on June 18, 1464, he assumed the cross and departed for Ancona to conduct the crusade in person. The Pope tried also mediations in war between Poland and Teutonic Knights, and when he failed to achieve success, he put a curse on the Prussians and Poles. www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_pius_ii.html   (1641 words)

Saint King Louis IX Capet of France (1214-1270) In 1258 Louis signed the Treaty of Corbeil, relinquishing to the kingdom of Aragón all French claims to Barcelona and Roussillon, in return for which the Aragonese renounced their claims to parts of Provence and Languedoc. During the latter years Louis was in the Holy Land on the Seventh Crusade (see Crusades: The Later Crusades). Louis and his forces were defeated and captured in Egypt in 1250, and the king remained in Palestine for four years before returning to France. www.geocities.com /Heartland/Ranch/8882/Notes/00188.htm   (1641 words)

Italy Boniface of Montferrat had led the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople and then become King of Thessalonica. Note that sometimes the numbering of the Aragonese Kings of Sicily is complicated by counting the Emperor Frederick II as King Frederick I of Sicily. Later, Joanna II of Naples left her rights to René I the Good of Anjou, but he was unable to hold off Alfonso V of Aragon and Sicily. www.friesian.com /italia.htm   (1641 words)

Study II, continued: Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese-Castilian Alliance with Cluny, Part Two Behind the shift lies the confrontation of May 1063 at Graus, Sancho Ramírez' resort to papal intervention in Ribagorza as the alternative to his subordination to imperial domination, and the launching of the Franco-Catalan crusade against Ribagorza. How vital a contribution in consequence the Burgundian monks made either in the diversion of the expedition from Graus to the rebellious Léridan stronghold of Barbastro or to the eventual ruin of the whole enterprise we have no way of determining; at any rate, Aragonese-papal hopes were shattered, the imperial interests preserved. Thus the bull of 1060 proves that papal involvement in the region of Graus and Barbastro precedes Ramiro's death in 1063 by at least three years, which means that Alexander II's concern with this area was inherited from his predecessor and dates from the very commencement of his pontificate. libro.uca.edu /frontier/bishko2b.htm   (1641 words)

Articles - Kingdom of Navarre In Navarre, Garcia Ramirez, lord of Monzon, a grandson of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid, and a descendant in bastard line of Garcia V of Navarre, a son of Sancho the Great, wrested the kingship from his bastard-line Aragonese cousins in 1134. His son, Theobald II of Navarre (1253-70), married Isabel, the second daughter of St. Louis of France, and accompanied the saintly father-in-law upon his crusade to Tunis. Lower, or French, Navarre, received from Henry II of Navarre, the son of Jean d'Albret, a representative assembly, the clergy being represented by the bishops of Bayonne and Dax, their vicars-general, the parish priest of St-Jean-Pied-de-Port, and the priors of Saint-Palais, d'Utziat and Haramples. www.kamero.net /articles/Kingdom_of_Navarre   (1641 words)

1294-1303. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History Angered by the Colonna and their insistence on the validity of Celestine V's election, their appeal to a general council, and their support of the Aragonese in Sicily, the pope began a veritable crusade that exiled the Colonna. Because of the disorders in Rome related to the Colonna family, Benedict withdrew to Perugia, and soon died. Philip IV of France answered with an embargo on the export of bullion; Edward I of England with the outlawing of the clergy; both were supported by public opinion expressed in their national assemblies (See 1296) (See 1296–1303). www.bartleby.com /67/470.html   (734 words)

Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc. The Aragonese heirs of Naples were soon pushed aside (1501) by King Ferdinand II of Aragón, King of a united Spain with his wife, Isabella of Castile. It is the sons of Margareta and her husband (and cousin), Baldwin of Hainault, who embarked on the Fourth Crusade and ended up in Constantinople. Joanna's first husband, Ferrand, son of King Sancho I of Portugal, was captured by King Philip II of France in the defeat of Emperor Otto IV at the battle of Bouvines in 1214. www.friesian.com /flanders.htm   (734 words)

Study II, continued: Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese-Castilian Alliance with Cluny, Part Two Then in 1072-1073 we encounter proof of Cluny's at least partial responsibility for the blocking of a second projected Aragonese-papal crusade, without doubt directed towards Ribagorza. Imperial Leonese is the connotation also of the two diplomas on the census duplicatus: that of 1077 granted by him as rex Le(gi)onum, the confirmation of 1090 as Hispaniarum rex. From the Iberian side, the prime characteristic of the alliance is its completely Leonese and imperial orientation, which places it apart from the Castilian half of the kingdom and establishes it as an integral element in the Leonicizing domestic and foreign policy of the Navarro-Basque monarchy in Western Spain. libro.uca.edu /frontier/bishko2b.htm   (10830 words)

Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck The Pope's crusade against Aragon led by France's King Philip III was defeated by Aragonese and Catalan forces and the navy led by de Lauria; after an epidemic the retreating French troops were slaughtered. Roger Clifford plundered the manors of Hereford bishop Savoyard Peter of Aigueblanche, imprisoned him, and then seized Gloucester. Roger took the younger Charles prisoner in a naval battle off Naples. www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html   (23862 words)

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