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	Aral Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aral Sea (Kazakh: Арал Теңізі, Uzbek: Orol dengizi) is a landlocked endorheic sea in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south.
		The Aral Sea is heavily polluted, largely as the result of weapons testing, industrial projects, and fertilizer runoff before and after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
		In 1960, the Aral Sea was the world's fourth-largest lake, with an area of approximately 68,000 km² and a volume of 1100 km³; by 1998, it had dropped to 28,687 km², and eighth-largest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aral_Sea (1719 words)

	Aral Sea - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		ARAL SEA [Aral Sea], salt lake, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekistan, E of the Caspian Sea in an area of interior drainage.
		The sea is, as a result, now greatly reduced, mainly occupying three basins in the central, western, and northern sections of its lakebed.
		The United Nations has estimated that the sea will essentially disappear by 2020 if nothing is done to reverse its decline, but in 2003 construction began on a dike to enclose the smaller northern section, in an attempt to revive at least that.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-arals1ea.html (631 words)

	Aral sea Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Aral Sea surface was 66,100 square kilometers with an average depth of 16,1 meters and a maximum depth of 68 meters.
		The drying-up of the Sea, and the salt and dust laden air, have had a damaging effect on the health of the people, and the animal and plant life as well.
		The Aral Sea disaster destroyed the vital fishing and paper industries of the Aral Seashore area and the political and economic shifts since the fall of the Soviet Union has left many factories standing idle.
	nailaokda.8m.com /aral.html (1485 words)

	Aral Sea
		Aral Sea and its tributaries, notably the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya
		The major sources of the Sea, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, are fed from glacial meltwater from the high mountain ranges of the Pamir and Tien Shan in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
		The exposed sea beds are thick with salts and agricultural chemical residue, which are carried aloft by the winds as far as the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
	www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu /projects/casestudies/aral_sea.html (1026 words)

	ARAL SEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Aral Sea, located in Uzbekistan and Kazakstan (both countries were part of the former Soviet Union), is historically a saline lake.
		In the past few decades, the Aral Sea's volume has decreased by 75 percent, the equivalent of draining Lakes Erie and Ontario, and its surface area by 50 percent.
		The controversy about the Aral Sea Region arises because the change is human induced, maybe even on purpose, not the natural cycle of environmental change.
	visearth.ucsd.edu /VisE_Int/aralsea/index.html (314 words)

	Aral Sea - Aral Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Critical situation caused by the Aral Sea drying off was the result of agrarian economy tendency on the basis of irrigated agriculture development and volume growth of irrevocable water consumption for irrigation".
		The sea bed, formerly referred to as a so-called "fresh water maker" of vast water collecting basin at the expense of rich sea hydrobiocenose activity, is an artificial anthropogenous volcano, throwing tremendous masses of salt and finely-dispersed dust into the atmosphere.
		That is why traces of pesticides from the Aral region were found in the blood of penguins in the Antarctic, and typical Aral dust has been found on Greenland's glaciers, in Norway's forests, and Byelorussia's fields, all situated thousands of kilometers away from Central Asia.
	enrin.grida.no /aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm (3235 words)

	The Aral Sea links
		The Aral Sea was once the fourth biggest inland sea in the world.the Sea provided a healthy livelihood for several hundred thousand people.the flow of water...
		The Aral Sea is fed from the south by the Amu Dar'ya river, and from the east by the Syr Dar'ya river.
		The Aral Sea is sinking The shrinking Aral Sea is further north.
	www4.gvsu.edu /lioubime/CentralA_files/aral_sea_links.htm (627 words)

	Desiccation of the Aral Sea: A Water Management Disaster in the Soviet Union
		The Aral Sea is a huge, shallow, saline body of water located in the deserts of the south-central Soviet Union (Figs.
		As in the past, the cause of the modern recession of the Aral is a marked diminution of inflow from the Syr Dar'ya and Amu Dar'ya, the sea's sole sources of surface water inflow, that has increasingly shifted the water balance toward the negative side (Table 1).
		During planning for a major expansion of irrigation in the Aral Sea basin, conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, it was predicted that this would reduce inflow to the sea and substantially reduce its size.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/006-238/006-238.html (5760 words)

	ARAL SEA 1998
		ARAL SEA 1998 : a short report on the observations made by the french expedition round the Aral Sea, may 1998.
		The program was to follow as near as possible the ancient and present shores of the Aral Sea and make observations of various types (ecological, hydrological, ethnological and economical) on the evolution of the region.
		Following a previous unavailing attempt in year 1992 to prevent water from this river to be loosed and divert it to the Small Aral Sea, the Mayor was able to build a 16 km dam at the same place, which resisted the tempests of the Small Sea during 1997-1998 winter.
	www.cig.ensmp.fr /~hubert/aral.htm (4097 words)

	ARAL SEA
		Humans have made use of the waters of the Aral basin for thousands of years, borrowing from its two major rivers: the Amu Darya, which flows into the Aral Sea from the south; and the Syr Darya, which reaches the sea at its north end.
		The sea could be stabilized with improvements in the efficiency of irrigation, but would remain incapable of supporting most fauna, and the current problems of pollution and lost habitat would go unaddressed.
		The shrinking of the sea has exposed almost 30,000 square kilometers of lake bed, which is so filled with salts and chemicals that it is toxic to plants.
	www.american.edu /ted/aral.htm (2310 words)

	3. The Aral Sea basin
		But in spite of such important earlier variations in the level of the sea, fluctuations during the first half of the twentieth century did not exceed 1 metre, and the ecological situation was quite stable up to the end of the 1950s.
		A three-fold increase in reflected solar radiation in the Aral area due to a sevenfold rise in the albedo of the area previously occupied by the Aral Sea has contributed to an increase in the continentality of the climate (Kondratyev, Grigoryev, and Zhvalev 1986).
		A specific peculiarity of the Aral basin is the increase in river-water mineralization owing to the discharge of drainage waters from irrigated massifs.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu14re/uu14re0a.htm (2793 words)

	FAO:AG21:Magazine:Spotlight:Aral sea
		Given the region's arid climate, irrigation was imperative, and the Aral Sea and its tributaries seemed a limitless source of water.
		Another proposal is to restore the Northern Sea to a level of 38m to 40 m above sea level, requiring an inflow of at least 6-8 cubic km in that part of the Aral Sea for the next five years.
		One important measure for the future would be to consider the Aral Sea and the two deltas as a "sixth state" with a water allocation from the five Central Asian republics.
	www.fao.org /ag/magazine/9809/spot2.htm (1673 words)

	BBC News \| ASIA-PACIFIC \| The Aral Sea tragedy
		Forty years ago, Muynak was a busy fishing port where the waters of the Aral Sea lapped up against the shoreline.
		Miles from the Aral Sea, the ground is encrusted with salt.
		Decades of heavy irrigation have raised the water table and brought all the salts the soil held to the surface.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/678898.stm (668 words)

	The Dying Aral Sea
		The Aral Sea lies in central Asia and is shared by the republics of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
		To restore the sea, they said, the water must be allowed to flow along its original course back into the Aral Sea.
		During the next 30 years, the Aral Sea experienced a severe drop in water level, its shoreline receded, and its salt content increased.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /curriculum/socialstd/MSPAP/Dying_Aral.html (639 words)

	Vital Water Graphics, United Nations Environment Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The demise of the Aral Sea was caused primarily by the diversion of the inflowing Amu Dar'ya and Syr Dar'ya rivers to provide irrigation water for local croplands.
		In 1963, the surface of the Aral Sea measured 66 100 km
		About 60% of the Aral Sea's volume had been lost, its depth had declined by 14 metres, and its salt concentration had doubled.
	www.unep.org /vitalwater/25.htm (499 words)

	[No title]
		The specialists of these “pools” are being “acted” as information monopolists and they have a right to represent a country or region on the Aral Sea problems, and in this regard, to speak on behalf of their organization and to “assume' authorities to approve the projects of the above-stated issues.
		Almaty, Astana, Bishkek, Fergana, Chirchik, Issyk-Kul and etc. where the Aral projects are being implemented are very far from the population and crisis's epicentre and a part of them is not connected even geographically with the river basins feeding the Aral Sea.
		Water users and informed part of population, who can imagine a level of negative impact of the Aral Sea crisis to the region as a whole, uniquely consider that for the starting of real water discharge reducing it is not enough only recommendations, declarations statements and assurances.
	www.aral.uz (2622 words)

	LakeNet - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Technically speaking the Aral Sea is a lake.
		Thus, Muinak remains wedged between two environmental disasters: the disappearance of the sea and the existence of buried bacteriological weapons.
		Once the sea is gone, these dangerous territories will merge into a single high-risk area which could serve as the breeding ground for a major epidemic.
	www.worldlakes.org /shownews.asp?newsid=137 (820 words)

	Viridian Note
		The drying up of the Aral Sea – once the world's fourth largest inland water body, covering an area the size of Belgium and the Netherlands combined – has long been one of the biggest man-made catastrophes in history, bringing poverty, disease and death to the 3.5 million people living around it.
		The Soviet Union, deciding that the Aral Sea was 'nature's error,' diverted almost their entire flow to grow cotton in the surrounding desert.
		Every year some 70 million tons of dust from the dried-out sea bed – contaminated by salt and pesticides such as DDT long ago washed there off farmland – is blown over the surrounding land.
	www.viridiandesign.org /notes/451-500/00466_return_of_the_aral_sea.html (1399 words)

	Refill the Aral Sea
		The Aral Sea used to be an endless expanse of bountiful waters.
		The countries that border the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan on the south and Kazakhstan on the north have the greatest amount of irrigated land; in all the Aral Basin now has an astonishing 87,600 square kilometers of irrigated crops, mostly cotton, up from a small fraction of that amount fifty years ago.
		Moreover, it lies on higher ground north of the larger Aral sea bottom, and the fishermen in the region are building a dam on the former seabed to keep the sea from overflowing.
	www.ecoworld.com /Home/Articles2.cfm?TID=354 (2119 words)

	LakeNet - Lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Aral Sea is one of less than 20 ancient lakes in the world, and is estimated to be more than 5 million years old.
		The Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world; it has now lost 90% of its source waters and two thirds of its surface area.
		In addition to irrigation-related problems, open-air biological-weapons tests involving anthrax and other pathogens were performed on the main island in the Aral Sea until the early 1990's.
	www.worldlakes.org /lakedetails.asp?lakeid=9219 (911 words)

	Aral Sea
		The Aral Sea is located in southwestern Kazakstan and northwestern Uzbekistan, near the Caspian Sea.
		Only a few decades ago, the Aral had a surface area of 64,000 square kilometers, a water volume of 1,020 cubic kilometers and an average depth of twenty to twenty-five kilometers.
		The mineralization of the sea, which was freshwater, did not exceed nine grams per liter.
	www.csvrgs.k12.va.us /Courses/IntroTech/pages/AralSea/aralsea.htm (171 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Kazakhs 'to save north Aral Sea'
		The Aral, once the world's fourth biggest inland sea, has halved in depth and lost 90% of its volume in 40 years.
		It is being built to complete the barrier between the northern and southern parts of the sea formed by an island exposed by the falling waters.
		The devastation of the Aral Sea, which has been called "the worst man-made ecological disaster on the planet", dates from the Soviet era, when huge tracts of central Asia were turned over to chemically intensive cotton farming.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3218961.stm (693 words)

	Central Asia: Aral Sea Problem
		Although the desiccation of the Aral Sea was not the worst problem facing the Central Asian states, it had a name that could attract aid.
		Instead of approaching the Aral Sea Basin as an integrated water system, it sought to deal with the Syr Darya River Basin and the Amu Darya River Basin separately in hopes of breaking the impasse between the Syr Darya states, who each year were having to renegotiate barter exchanges between water and energy resources.
		NGOs such as Union for Defense of the Aral Sea and Amu Darya are struggling to raise donor awareness for local initiatives to resolve the Aral Sea crisis.
	www.fpif.org /briefs/vol5/v5n06aral_body.html (2781 words)

	Lake Chad and the Aral Sea
		The Aral Sea level has dropped about 20m since 1960, primarily as a result of increased diversions from the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers for irrigation purposes.
		The objective of the Aral Sea Basin Program (ASBP) Water and Environmental Management Project is to address the root causes of the overuse and degradation of the international waters of the Aral Sea Basin by assisting the Central Asian States in implementing the Strategic Action Program (SAP).
		Four specific objectives are: (a) stabilizing the environment; (b) rehabilitating the disaster zone around the Sea; (c) improving the management of international waters; and (d) building the capacity of the regional institutions.
	www.fragilecologies.com /sep09_04.html (1945 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Aral Sea
		Once the fourth largest lake on Earth, the Aral Sea has shrunk dramatically over the past few decades as the primary rivers that fed the Sea have been diverted and tapped nearly dry for cotton farming and other agriculture.
		The southern part of the Sea was fed by the Amurdar'ya and the northern part was fed by the Syrdar'ya, forming a large inland lake that moderated the region’s continental climate and supported a productive fishing industry.
		The northern Small Aral Sea will be allowed to refill from the inflow of the Syrdar'ya, and though it is never expected to regain its former extent, planners think that it will refill enough to support a robust fishing again.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16277 (465 words)

	South Aral Sea 'gone in 15 years' - 21 July 2003 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Aral Sea is disappearing even faster than previously thought, with a new study of the southern part of the sea slashing its life expectancy by decades.
		To their organisers, the sea's rapid decline is an urgent call to action.
		The main problem for the people is still access to the fresh water from the rivers that feed the sea, rather than the death of the sea itself.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3947 (647 words)

	Lesson Plans - The Aral Sea: Then and Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The shrinking of Asia's Aral Sea has led to a number of problems for people in the region.
		They will conclude by pretending to be residents of the Aral Sea region, drawing "before" and "after" pictures of how changes to the sea have affected their lives.
		Have students complete the Aral Sea activity and read the briefing information to learn more about how the Aral Sea has changed and how it affects the people who live near it.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /xpeditions/lessons/14/g35/shrinking.html (961 words)

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