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Topic: Arc discharge

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	FDA/CFSAN: Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation for Alternative Food Processing Technologies -- High Voltage Arc ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The use of arc discharge for liquid foods is unsuitable largely because electrolysis and the formation of highly reactive chemicals occur during the discharge.
		The high voltage discharge occurred in the lower chamber and was separated from the bacterial suspension in the upper chamber by a rubber diaphragm.
		Discharge energy should be high enough to generate a sufficient quantity of ozone and/or UV irradiation for microbial inactivation to occur.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~comm/ift-arc.html (1680 words)

	DISCHARGE - Definition
		To free of the missile with which anything is charged or loaded; to let go the charge of; as, to discharge a bow, catapult, etc.; especially, said of firearms, -- to fire off; to shoot off; also, to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden jar.
		The act of discharging; the act of relieving of a charge or load; removal of a load or burden; unloading; as, the discharge of a ship; discharge of a cargo.
		The character of the discharge is mostly determined by the nature of the medium through which it takes place, the amount of the difference of potential, and the form of the terminal conductors on which the difference exists.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/discharge (1041 words)

	AllRefer.com - arc, in electricity (Electrical Engineering) - Encyclopedia
		Today the use of the arc lamp is limited to special purposes, e.g., in searchlights and in research applications.
		The principle of the electric arc is employed in welding (as in the hydrogen arc, where hydrogen is introduced between tungsten electrodes) and also in generating heat in the electric furnace.
		A spark, like an arc, is a discharge of electricity between two points, but it has a high voltage and a short duration.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/arc-elec.html (313 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Interactive Java Tutorials - Focusing and Alignment Mercury and Xenon Arc Lamps
		The arc itself is very small (about 1 or 2 millimeters in length), and the image of the arc must be positioned along the optical axis of the microscope, at the center of the condenser aperture in the vertical illuminator, to ensure even illumination.
		After the focused arc image (and its mirror image, in lamphouses so equipped) is perfectly aligned in the center of the optical path (and the illumination spot on the white paper), slowly defocus the lamp collector lens with the appropriate adjustment knob.
		Regardless of whether alignment of the arc is accomplished with the aid of an accessory or with a white piece of paper placed on the microscope stage, both methods project the arc image that is present at the entrance pupil of the objective, in effect, the rear objective aperture.
	www.microscopyu.com /tutorials/java/arclamp (2009 words)

	Arc \| TutorGig.co.uk Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant.
		The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night.
		arc n 1: electrical conduction through a gas in an applied electric field [syn: discharge, spark, electric arc, electric discharge] 2: a continuous portion of a circle 3: something curved in shape [syn: bow] v : form an arch or curve; "her back arches"; "her hips curve nicely" [syn: arch, curve] [also: arcking, arcked]
	www.tutorgig.co.uk /dict.jsp?keywords=Arc (399 words)

	[INFO] Gas Discharge Lamp FAQ - Edge Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The arc tube's discolorations absorb light from the arc, causing the arc tube to overheat, the sodium vapor pressure becomes excessive, and the arc cannot be maintained.
		Mercury short arc lamps are used when a compact, intense source of UV is needed or where one cannot have the high voltage starting pulses needed for xenon short arc lamps.
		Arc voltages of many specialized metal halide lamps are not widely published and may or may not be available from the lamp manufacturer.
	www.overgrow.com /edge/showthread.php?p=6702824 (6413 words)

	Corona discharge ignition
		Nevertheless, there are also numerous disadvantages of arc discharges, including the limited size of the discharge, the necessity for supporting electrodes that may interfere with the flow or combustion process, and the low "wall-plug" efficiency (i.e.
		The subject of this investigation is the use of corona discharges (the portion of an electric discharge before the onset of the low-voltage, high current arc discharge) for the initiation of combustion in propulsion systems and internal combustion engines.
		It can be see that the corona discharge ignites a cylindrical volume whose diameter is more than half of the combustion chamber diameter in a very short period of time.
	carambola.usc.edu /research/coronaignition (1270 words)

	General Spectroscopy Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although flames and discharges provide a convenient method of excitation, the high-temperature, relatively low pressure environment can strongly perturb the sample being studied (in fact, flames and discharges usually destroy the sample being studied,as well as the rest of the sample matrix).
		The electromagnetic radiation that is emitted in the arc lamp is usually a mixture of discrete atomic lines that come from the relaxation of the atoms to lower energy states, and continuum radiation resulting from closely spaced lines that have been broadened by collisions with other atoms and the electrons.
		The first sources of spectral emission lines were simply arc lamps, or another form of electrical discharge in a sealed tube containing gas in which the pressure was kept so low that a significant portion of the radiation was emitted in the form of discrete lines.
	www.pharm.uky.edu /ASRG/general_spectroscopy.html (3311 words)

	NB Terminology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Arc chamber of the DIII-D ion source operates in the emission-limited mode, and the discharge is very sensitive to the temperature of the filaments.
		The other arc discharge mode is termed 'space charge-limited' where the temperature of the filaments is much hotter than the filaments operated in the emission-limited mode.
		Power (supplied by the arc power supply) required to produce and sustain the arc discharge inside the arc chamber averaged through the entire discharge pulse.
	fusion.gat.com /beams/terms.html (725 words)

	Grow Light Glossary \| Casa Verde Garden Supply and Hydroponics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A lamp that produces light by discharging an electric arc through a mixture of gases and gaseous metals.
		Fluorescent lamps are good for starting seedlings and rooting cuttings, but do not have enough intensity to sustain aggressive growth in plants in the later stages of life, and are not efficient enough in their conversion of electrical power to lumens of light output.
		A high-intensity-discharge lamp in which the light is produced by arcing electricity through a mixture of metal halides.
	www.casaverde.itcstore.com /default.aspx?p=47435 (1837 words)

	Voltage Variations And Arc Discharge Lamps
		Sure, manufacturers design their arc discharge lamps to perform best when operated on a line voltage within the range of ballast design (indicated on the ballast nameplate).
		When a loss of power of sufficient duration extinguishes the first arc tube, the second arc tube immediately ignites at partial output as soon as the power is reestablished.
		The reactor ballast is the simplest magnetic ballast, consisting of a choke coil wound on an iron core (to limit the current).
	ecmweb.com /mag/electric_voltage_variations_arc (1300 words)

	Electrical Discharges
		In the carbon arc light, the discharge is started by drawing the carbons apart, which produces an arc at once, since the discharge does not have the difficult task of establishing a conducting path over a great distance, as in lightning.
		The arc discharge is a high-current, low-voltage discharge, in contrast with the low-current, high-voltage glow discharge.
		In arcs with thermionic cathodes, the transition is gradual as the thermionic emission increases with temperature and the discharge voltage decreases.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/dischg.htm (13885 words)

	Welcome to the Museum of Historic Discharge Lamps
		Over time it was learned that the carbon arc discharge could be made still more efficient by arranging that it took place inside a rare gas instead of through the air.
		The heat of the gas discharge serves to vaporise some of the metal, and the discharge is then carried almost exclusively by the metal vapour.
		Following a hundred years of testing different metals in the arc and adapting lamp chemistries to prevent bulb flening, commercial lamps are now available which have no electrodes at all and are energised by microwave or radio frequency signals instead.
	www.lamptech.co.uk (346 words)

	!Electrical Discharge Machining, EDM, EDMTT, Electrical, Electric, EDM Machine, Wire EDM or WireCut EDM
		During a pulse discharge, the ratio of the time that the micro short circuit and the micro arc occur is critical to discharge duration in EDM.
		The generation mechanism of surface roughness in electrical discharge machining is experimentally analyzed, investigating the shape of a crater generated by a single pulse discharge, the interference profile of two adjacent craters and so on.
		But in the case of removal machining based on discharging in liquid, the process of machining is effected considerably by uncertain factors between two electrodes, it is difficult that surface roughness is exactly measured by the statistical method because the shapes of surface are complicated and various.
	www.edmtt.com /techpapers/characteredm/charedm.html (3802 words)

	Aerodynamic Research Center - Corona Discharge in Supersonic Flow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because of the greater electron energy distribution in the plasma, there is better coupling of the discharge with the gases (ions are good chain branching agents).
		Initial experiments are being conducted with corona discharge producing plasma in a supersonic (M=2) flow of air in a shock tube (see photograph).
		After testing successfully the efficacy of ionization of air at supersonic speeds, the corona discharge system of ignition would be employed for the combustion of supersonic air-fuel mixtures.
	www-woolf.uta.edu /arc/research/corona.html (291 words)

	Arc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A common technique for the production of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) is the electric arc discharge method in which carbon is vaporized between two carbon electrodes.
		Small diameter, single-wall nanotubes can be synthesized using a Miller XTM 304 dc arc welder to maintain the optimal settings between two horizontal electrodes in helium or argon atmospheres.
		The desired voltage must be set on the control box which signals the motor to separate or the electrodes to increase the voltage or bring the electrodes close together to decrease the voltage.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/p/c/pce3/facilities/arc.htm (133 words)

	Mesothelioma - Arc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A luminous discharge of electricity across a gas, characterised by a large current and a low voltage gradient, often accompanied by partial volatilisation of the electrodes.
		A luminous column of gas in an arc discharge.
		A chain of volcanoes (volcanic arc) that sometimes forms on the land when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and then slides down underneath it (subduction).
	mesothelioma.me.uk /asbestos+Arc.html (262 words)

	Gas Discharge Lamps, Ballasts, and Fixtures
		See The Discharge Lamp Mechanics Document (rather technical) for why it can be bad to underpower an arc discharge lamp.
		Beam pattern - the small arc size of the HID lamp permits the optical system to be optimized to direct light more effectively to where it is needed and prevent it from spilling over to where it is not wanted.
		As noted in the section: "High intensity discharge (HID) lamp technology", common HID lamps require a warmup period of a few minutes before substantially full light output is produced.
	members.misty.com /don/dschlamp.html (7875 words)

	Beyond Designs - Advanced Techniques for PSpice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An arc discharge is very visible and high levels of energy are transferred to the flame kernel near the center of the spark gap.
		Much of the energy in the glow discharge is lost heating the electrodes or ionized gas near the electrodes.
		For a conventional inductive discharge ignition system, as used in almost all OE applications, most of the energy discharge occurs during a relatively long glow discharge.
	www.beyond-designs.com /pspice.htm (1208 words)

	Daytona Twin Tec LLC - Tech FAQ Ignition Overview
		An arc discharge requires a considerable current flowing in the gap, usually on the order of several hundred milliamps.
		The duration of the arc discharge for a conventional ignition is usually no more than a few microseconds.
		A glow discharge is less intense and the sustaining voltage across the gap is higher.
	www.daytona-twintec.com /tech_ignition.html (3023 words)

	The World Market for Photographic Flashlight Apparatus Excluding Electric Filament, Discharge, or Arc Lamps: A 2004 ...
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for photographic flashlight apparatus excluding electric filament, discharge, or arc lamps for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		Chapter 4 does the same, but for imports of photographic flashlight apparatus excluding electric filament, discharge, or arc lamps for all countries in the world.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of photographic flashlight apparatus excluding electric filament, discharge, or arc lamps to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.marketresearch.com /researchindex/915191.html (729 words)

	Nanotechnology Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The arc process described here is a technique for producing single-wall nanotubes at a greater rate than is possible with the laser ablation method.
		Carbon nanotubes are produced from vapors of carbon containing a small amount of nickel and yttrium catalysts. An electric arc vaporizes an anode containing the catalysts.
		Production techniques being investigated are pulsed laser vaporization (PLV), arc discharge and a gas phase process (HiPco) in collaboration with Rice University.
	mmptdpublic.jsc.nasa.gov /jscnano (2556 words)

	Gas Discharge Lamps, Ballasts, and Fixtures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It has a pair of power MOSFETs driving a flyback style high voltage transformer, with a whole bunch of open-wound primaries and a potted secondary.
		I did plug the thing in and was rewarded with an impressive arc at about 1 cm electrode spacing (bare wires).
		The Transfotek unit is completely potted, except for the AC input and on-off switch.
	straylight.cso.niu.edu /repairfaq/sam/dlamp.htm (8108 words)

	PlasmaKiev:: R&D Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Equipment and technologies of a plasma-arc evaporation and DC magnetron sputtering in vacuum with a subsequent deposition of a vapor phase...
		New tecnology process -- thin film deposition technology on the basis of the Arc Discharge in the Vapors of the Anode Materials
		Traditional developer and manufacturer of multifunctional equipment for air-plasma cutting, surface treatment, welding and spraying.
	www.mct.kiev.ua /~plasma/results (346 words)

	Carbon Arc Discharge (CA) Synthesis of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Carbon Arc Discharge (CA) Synthesis of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
		Carbon Arc (CA) Synthesis of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
		Schematic drawings of the electrode set-ups for (a) the conventional and (b) the new arc discharge electrodes Source: Wondrous World of Carbon Nanotubes - Synthesis
	nanotube.msu.edu /synthesis/ca.html (123 words)

	4146-4147 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Automatic Production of Buckminsterfullerenes by Use of an Arc Discharge in a Closed Chamber
		Production of Various Fullerenes by Arc Discharge under Repetitive Weak Gravitational Field
		Production Characteristics of Fullerenes by Means of the J× B Arc Discharge Method
	jpsj.ipap.jp /link?JPSJ/62/4146 (133 words)

	THE USE OF NANOTUBES; NANOTUBE PRODUCTION: ARC DISCHARGE TECHNOLOGY - NANOTUBES: DIRECTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES - Market ...
		ADVANTAGES OF ARC DISCHARGE TECHNOLOGY: COMPETING REACTIONS OVERVIEW ($30.00)
		ADVANTAGES OF ARC DISCHARGE TECHNOLOGY: COMPETING REACTIONS ($30.00)
		ARC DISCHARGE NANOTUBES; CHICKEN\EGG PROBLEM OF NANOTUBE PRODUCTION ($30.00)
	bcc.ecnext.com /coms2/summary_0279-52900_ITM (1127 words)

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