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Topic: Archaeocyatha

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	Archaeocyatha - What is a(n) Archaeocyatha \| Encyclopedia.com: Dictionary Of Zoology
		Archaeocyatha An extinct phylum of reef-forming organisms known only from the Cambrian.
		A Dictionary of Zoology Anthocyathea (Irregulares; phylum Archaeocyatha) A class of solitary, rarely colonial organisms found in Lower, Middle, and Upper Cambrian rocks.
		The Archaeocyatha became extinct by the middle Cambrian.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O8-Archaeocyatha.html (663 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Archaeocyatha
		Archaeocyatha inhabited areas of shallow seas that were near the shoreline.
		Their widespread distribution over almost the entire Cambrian world, as well as the diversity of the species, can be explained by surmising that that they were planktonic during their larval stage.
		Cladistic analysis suggests that Archaeocyatha is a clade nested within the Porifera (sponges).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Archaeocyatha (264 words)

	Archaeocyatha - Palaeos
		The Archaeocyatha, also called archaeocyathids, were sessile, reef-building marine organisms that lived during the Lower Cambrian period (500-600 million years ago).
		Archaeocyatha inhabited areas of shallow seas that were near the shoreline.
		Archaeocyatha were important reef builders in their time.
	www.palaeos.org /Archaeocyatha (305 words)

	Palaeos Metazoa: Porifera: Archaeocyatha,p.2
		Their decline may be related to global cooling and the replacement of firm microbial substrates by soft, muddy bottoms over the course of the Cambrian.
		Archaeocyatha --Monocyathida `--+--Dokidocyathina `--+--Ajacicyathida (Erismacoscinina > Kazachstanicyathida)
		They may not even be archaeocyaths (one reason we still haven't ventured a definition of Archaeocyatha), but the rest look plausibly monophyletic.
	www.palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Porifera/Archaeocyatha.2.html (765 words)

	Archeocyatha
		But some invertebrate paleontologists have placed them in an extinct, separate phylum, known appropriately as the Archaeocyatha.
		suggests that Archaeocyatha is a clade nested within the phylum Porifera (better known as the true sponges).
		"Archaeocyatha: Is the sponge model consistent with their structural organization?" in Palaeontographica Americana, 54:pp358-369.
	www.jgames.co.uk /title/Archeocyatha (573 words)

	PORIFERA AND ARCHAEOCYATHA
		Members of the Phylum Archaeocyatha have been variously interpreted as sponges (because of their pores), corals (because of their generally conic shape and septa), as algae (because their radial symmetry is similar to modern dasycladacean green algae), and as Foraminifera (for whatever reason).
		They have been extinct since early in the Middle Cambrian, so we are really rather ignorant about their relationships and the form of their soft tissues, but the best guess is that they were tissue-grade organisms, intermediate in complexity between sponges and corals.
		Archaeocyathids are divided into two classes, the Regulares and the Irregulares, based on the relationships of the inner and outer walls to the aporous tip, and on the arrangement of pores, particularly on the septa.
	itc.gsw.edu /faculty/bcarter/paleo/labs/pro_por/porifera.htm (1705 words)

	Paleobiology
		Discoveries in the 1960s and 1970s caused re-examination of sponge phylogeny generally, and comparisons between archaeocyaths and sponges in particular.
		The result was the abandonment of the Phylum Archaeocyatha.
		Present consensus is that archaeocyaths represent both a clade and a grade--Class Archaeocyatha and the archaeocyathan morphological grade--within Phylum Porifera.
	www.fossilmuseum.net /Paleobiology/Paleobiology_Topics.htm (1556 words)

	phylum PORIFERA
		The phylum Archaeocyatha comprises a group of apparently sponge-like organisms that have been extinct since the Cambrian Period (which ended more than 500 million years ago).
		Part E. Archaeocyatha and Porifera (Raymond C. Moore, ed.): Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, New York (now Boulder, Colorado), and Lawrence, Kansas, p.
		Here is a list of preserved material of phyla Porifera and Archaeocyatha (including microscope slides) that is available in the Department of Biology.
	inside.msj.edu /academics/faculty/davisr/potpouri/porifera.htm (1384 words)

	Learn more about Archaeocyatha in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Learn more about Archaeocyatha in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		The Archaeocyatha are sessile conical animals that resemble hollow horn corals found in Lower Cambrian sediments.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/ar/archaeocyatha.html (114 words)

	andyavenue.freeservers.com
		Sponges are sessile and typically feed by drawing in water through pores all over the body, which is supported by a skeleton typically divided into spicules.
		The extinct Archaeocyatha, which have fused skeletons, may represent sponges or a separate phylum.
		Among the eumetazoan phyla, two are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus.
	andyavenue.freeservers.com (946 words)

	Leads Joe: Archaeocyatha
		Still, some authorities have placed them in the extinct Cingular Ringtones phylum Archeocyatha.
		Archaeocyatha were important cable by reef builders in their time.
		Flow tank experiments suggest that their morphology allowed them to exploit flow gradients to passively pump water through the tripp is skeleton, as in modern sponges.
	leads-joe.blogspot.com /2006/12/archaeocyatha.html (249 words)

	Cambrian - EvoWiki
		These epochs are in turn divided into smaller units known as Faunal Stages which are based on corresponding series of rocks that contain similar groups of fossils (such as the Atdabanian,Tommotian and the Mayan).
		The Archaeocyatha were sessile marine organisms that thrived in the tropical and sub tropical waters of the Early Cambrian epoch and were the earth's very first reef builders.
		Parapeytoia was a possible early Anomalocarid (or a relative of the Anomalocarids) that lived in the early Cambrian epoch around 530 million years ago.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Cambrian (1386 words)

	Sponges and Microscopy
		They are considered rare, but may actually simply be out of the zones of the sea commonly observed by humans.
		Another class of sponges, Archaeocyatha, lived in the Cambrian period and is extinct.
		Sponges contain internal channels that contain a type of cell called choanocytes that have flagella that cause water to flow through the channels to bring in food and oxygen and to take out carbon dioxide other waste products.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artfeb08/rp-sponges.html (1375 words)

	G:\HTML Docs\wcpaleo.html (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hazel, J.E. Determining Late Neogene and Quaternary palaeoclimates and palaeotemperature regimes using ostracodes, in De Deckker, 1988.
		Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part E, Archaeocyatha and Porifera.
		Rigby, K.J., and Gangloff, R.A. Phylum Archaeocyatha in Boardman, 1987b.
	www.cox-internet.com /coop/wcpaleo.html (571 words)

	Sea sponge - Wikivisual
		Some taxonomists have suggested a fourth class, Sclerospongiae, of coralline sponges, but the modern consensus is that coralline sponges have arisen several times and are not closely related.
		In addition to these three, a fourth class has been proposed: Archaeocyatha.
		While these ancient animals have been phylogenetically vague for years, the current general consensus is that they were a type of sponge.
	en.wikivisual.com /index.php/Sponge (1727 words)

	†Archaeocyatha
		<==o †Archaeocyatha Vologdin, 1937 [Cyathospongia Okulitch, 1935; Pleospongia Okulitch, 1935] -- †Monocyathea Okulitch, 1943 (nom.
		Okulitch, 1955 pro Archaeocyatha Okulitch, 1943 non Vologdin, 1937)
		Okulitch, V. J., 1955: Part E – Archaeocyatha and Porifera.
	www.helsinki.fi /~mhaaramo/metazoa/porifera/archaeocyatha_1.html (218 words)

	†Archaeocyatha
		<==o †Archaeocyatha Vologdin, 1937 [Cyathospongia Okulitch, 1935; Pleospongia Okulitch, 1935] -- †Monocyathea Okulitch, 1943 (nom.
		Okulitch, 1955 pro Archaeocyatha Okulitch, 1943 non Vologdin, 1937)
		Okulitch, V. J., 1955: Part E – Archaeocyatha and Porifera.
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /users/haaramo/metazoa/Porifera/Archaeocyatha.htm (218 words)

	Archaeocyatha
		It is a very interesting, if controversial, group of organisms that shaped the natural history of the early oceans.
		This is a group of Archaeocyatha of undetermined species from the Lower Cambrian.
		I don't know the formation yet, so if you do, please contact me!
	www-personal.umich.edu /~wstoddar/archaeocyatha.html (217 words)

	McGraw-Hill's AccessScience
		It was probably a monophyletic group; that is, all representatives were derived from a single ancestor.
		The position of the Archaeocyatha within the Porifera is uncertain, but they were probably most closely related to the class Demospongiae.
		Their fossil record is well known, as archaeocyaths represent the first large skeletal animals to have been associated with reefs; they were widespread in the shallow, warm waters that surrounded the many continents that occupied tropical latitudes during the Cambrian.
	www.accessscience.com /abstract.aspx?id=047400&referURL=http://www.accessscience.com/content.aspx?id=047400 (208 words)

	BZN 62(3) Opinions
		Copies of these Opinions can be obtained free of charge from the Executive Secretary, The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: iczn@nhm.ac.uk).
		The Commission has ruled that priority should be maintained for the generic name Pluralicyathus Okulitch, 1950, for a group of Cambrian fossil sponge-like archaeocyaths (family ERBOCYATHIDAE).
		The junior replacement name Erbocyathus Zhuravleva, 1955, proposed to replace the preoccupied name Polycyathus Vologdin, 1928, is not conserved.
	www.iczn.org /BZNSept2005opinions.htm (1106 words)

	NHBS - Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part E, Volume 1: Archaeocyatha - D Hill
		NHBS - Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part E, Volume 1: Archaeocyatha - D Hill
		Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part E, Volume 1: Archaeocyatha
		If you are involved in a scientific, conservation or environmental organisation and would like to be listed, please see our NHBS-Xchange information page.
	www.nhbs.com /title.php?tefno=34164 (76 words)

	Notes on Sponges
		Class Hexactinellida (or Hyalospongea) - glass sponges, siliceous spicules at 90
		Archaeocyatha - perforated calcareous skeleton with double walls; placement uncertain: may be a class within the porifera or a separate phylum.
		Irregulares - irregularities in pore structure and internal tabulae, etc.
	www.uwm.edu /People/mtharris/Paleo/RN8.html (643 words)

	Lower Cambrian Archaeocyatha from the Ajax Mine, Beltana, South Australia (Bulletin of the British Museum) \| AJAX Books ...
		Lower Cambrian Archaeocyatha from the Ajax Mine, Beltana, South Australia (Bulletin of the British Museum)
		Location: Home » AJAX Books » Lower Cambrian Archaeocyatha from the Ajax Mine, Beltana, South Australia (Bulletin of the British Museum)
		Lower Cambrian Archaeocyatha from the Ajax Mine, Beltana, South Australia (Bulletin of the British Museum)
	gscripts.net /Programmingbooks/index.php?c=2&n=13603&x=Geology (240 words)

	ITIS Standard Report Page: Hexactinellida
		Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges
		Published in two volumes: Volume 1 - Introductions and Demospongiae; Volume 2 - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Sphinctozoa, Archaeocyatha, unrecognizable taxa, and Index of higher taxa
		Additional off-site resources may be available for this taxon.
	www.itis.gov /servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=659131 (128 words)

	Fossils
		Click on to the 3 buttons at the bottom of the page to find out more.
		Use the pictures of Archaeocyatha found in South Australia to help you learn what they are.
		Find out about this amazing opalised fossil found near Coober Pedy
	www.teachers.ash.org.au /jmresources/fossils/links.html (875 words)

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