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Topic: Archaeological record

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	Puranic Time and the Archaeological Record
		A careful study of the archaeological record, and the history of archaeology itself, broadly confirms these two predictions.
		Richard Thompson and I have concluded (1993) that the muting of this evidence was accomplished by application of a double standard, whereby favoured evidence was exempted from the severely sceptical scrutiny to which disfavoured evidence was subjected.
		One example from the many that could be cited to demonstrate the operation of linear progressive preconceptions in the editing of the archaeological record is the case of the auriferous gravel finds in California.
	www.veda.harekrsna.cz /encyclopedia/purantime.htm (5216 words)

	What is archaeology and why is it important?
		The archaeological record itself is fluid, and interpretations of it have varied from era to era, and from archaeological paradigm to paradigm.
		There are of course multiple sources to variation within any given archaeological context and assemblage, but in understanding such variation, a basic acknowledgement of the over all cultural context, the environment processes (sedimentation, patination, erosion, etc), all have aided in a dynamic understanding of cultural effects beyond the range of arrow heads, potshards, and pottery.
		Thusly, the archaeological record changes by its vary nature in regards to the cultures it studies; but its interpretation has changed through out the history of the discipline of archaeology, ultimately leading to basic questions of why archaeology is important.
	www.geocities.com /Griffinlady/papers/theory/archaeology.html (1840 words)

	Newsletter 15.1 Spring 2000 (Conservation at the Getty)
		Some more recent portions of this record are also considered by particular groups of present-day people as their cultural heritage—the sites, monuments, and artifacts that link them to a particular place in the world and to a particular vision of their past.
		Archaeological research has produced remarkable insights into the character and history of societies, but archaeological interpretations are always provisional and often disputed.
		Archaeological parks and monuments provide the public with opportunities to make tangible contact with past cultures, and they are important vehicles both for sharing the results of scholarly research with a broader audience and for giving the public concrete reasons to value conservation of the in situ archaeological record.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/publications/newsletters/15_1/feature1_5.html (3116 words)

	AP140 TERMS with Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Archaeological Record – is a contemporary record of past processes.
		The archaeological record is the result of a complex ‘dynamic, evolving, integrated system of [cultural] biological and sedimentological processes.’ The archaeological record is neither a snapshot of the past (a material record frozen in time) nor a ‘biased’ representation.
		Archaeological Documents – the limited set of potential observations on the archaeological record that are recorded in archaeological reports, field notes, publications, and museum collections.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~lctodd/ap140mrt.htm (403 words)

	ANTH205 Dr. Reid Fall 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The archaeologist must carefully reconstruct the formation processes that have changed the archaeological record in order to understand the systemic context of an artifact or feature, which is the real goal of archaeology.
		During excavation, archaeologists are very careful to record the position of every object in three-dimensional space; this is known as an artifact's provenience.
		Archaeological excavation must be carried out by professionals, but archaeologists cannot possibly excavate all of the archaeological record due to limitations in time, labor, and money.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~mmap/205_reid/lec15pr.htm (549 words)

	The Dorset Maritime Archaeological Record - Dorset For You
		In the record a wreck is defined as; the remains of any vessel, be it ship, submarine, aircraft, amphibious tank or any other means of crossing water, now to be found on the beach, or below high water mark, or who's existence, or former existence, may be inferred from earlier records.
		The primary division in the record is between known wreck sites, when survey has located the remains, and casualties or reported wrecks, this is where a wreck is known to have taken place, usually from contemporary records, but where no physical traces have, as yet, been discovered.
		These records are kept in a separate database as, whilst it is unlikely, though not impossible, that they will have left any physical traces that could be discovered, they are frequently referred to in popular literature as 'wrecks'.
	www.dorsetforyou.com /index.jsp?articleid=21504 (466 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		It is different from geoarchaeology in that the latter is a subfield of archaeology focusing on the physical context of deposits.
		It is the use of archaeological techniques and data to study these living cultures and the use of ethnographic data to inform the examination of the archaeological record.
		The ethnoarchaeologist is particularly concerned with the manufacture, distribution, and use of artifacts, the remains of various processes that might be expected to survive, and the interpretation of archaeological material in the light of the ethnographic information.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=archaeological (931 words)

	The Lisheen Archaeological Project, Derryville Bog, Co. Tipperary
		The framework for the Lisheen Archaeological Project was based on the planning requirement to provide an archaeological record of the development area in advance of development.
		The earliest archaeological dates, 3339-2924 BC and 3020-2613 BC, were obtained from two cleft timbers recovered from the northeastern side of the bog, although some peat deposits gave an earlier date of 3368 BC.
		The archaelogical record is dormant for about six centuries after the Iron Age but re-emerges in the early medieval with the appearance of a much more widespread group of elements across the bog than hitherto found.
	www.mglarc.com /projects/lisheen.htm (1986 words)

	The University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist -- Completing the Iowa Archaeological Site Record Form ...
		Your site report may allow for the long-term preservation of important archaeological deposits, and the proper study and evaluation of deposits that can't be preserved.
		Record the county in which the site is located.
		Record all known persons who have worked at this site prior to the visit on which you based the information for your site form.
	www.uiowa.edu /~osa/recording/collect/sites.htm (2274 words)

	The Polish Archaeological Record
		The degree of computerisation of the AZP record is somewhat unsatisfactory.
		Archaeological aerial photography was not practised in Poland at the time of the initiation of the project and the results of recent aerial survey programmes will prove difficult to incorporate in the system as it exists at present.
		Copies of the results of the AZP records are sent by the provincial inspectors with explanatory notes to local councils for use in monuments protection during the planning process and the delimitation of conservation zones in local planning documents.
	www.muzarp.poznan.pl /archweb/archweb_eng/barf.htm (12975 words)

	glossary - archaeological record
		Archaeological record - The archaeological record contains information about past human behaviour as it can be deduced from the remains of material culture – buildings, tools and other artifacts.
		An important consideration is how the archaeological record is formed – what is likely to survive and what disappear and how this may bias our knowledge of past peoples.
		Archaeologists use ethnographic information to help them understand many aspects of the archaeological record such as the behavioural relationships which underlie the production of artefacts, the ways in which wild-plant resources are used etc. When ethnography is done for these purposes it is called "ethnoarchaeology".
	www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk /teaching/C1014/arglos.html (1487 words)

	Archaeological Record
		Equally important in assessing the archaeological record is the potential for younger deposits to bury sites and prevent their detection.
		Another example from this rapidly expanding field of archaeological geology is the combined archaeological and geological investigations of the central Des Moines River valley, undertaken to provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with cultural resource information needed for planning recreational development and interpretive programs in the Saylorville Lake area.
		Archaeological geology continues to grow in its applications and scope in Iowa and elsewhere.
	www.igsb.uiowa.edu /browse/archaeol/archaeol.htm (1205 words)

	Newsletter 18.1 Spring 2003 (Conservation at the Getty)
		An explosion of archaeological data has emerged from these many projects, most of it published in what is called "gray literature"—reports of limited circulation or in cyberspace, which, despite efforts to the contrary, are effectively inaccessible to most archaeologists.
		While both the Archaeological Institute of America and the Society for American Archaeology have developed forthright ethical statements and policies to which their members are expected to adhere, few graduate seminars dwell on ethics in any depth.
		But in an era when the archaeological record is under threat everywhere, the first concern of any research project should be the maintenance of the site and the stakes of all those concerned with its conservation— be they archaeologists, local landowners, tourist officials, or indigenous peoples.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/publications/newsletters/18_1/feature.html (3295 words)

	Warren B. Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Although the challenges that this steep and rainy environment presents for human settlement are enormous and should not be minimized, scholars have traditionally under-estimated the extent and intensity of prehistoric human habitation within the eastern Andean montane forests.
		Archaeological remains in the region are typically attributed to the pre-Columbian Chachapoya culture, and some of the more famous sites are Gran Pajatén, Los Pinchudos and Manachaqui Cave.
		Archaeological fieldwork was performed during summer of 2000.
	psysoc.colstate.edu /church/Index.htm (688 words)

	Some Perspectives on Archaeological Collection
		The archaeological record is the imprint left on the landscape by past communities and cultures.
		An archaeological Landscape is a landscape imprinted with an archaeological record.
		Utah's canyon country is a powerful archaeological landscape, containing one of the cleanest (least confused by continuous reoccupation and change) and most fascinating archaeological records in the world.
	bcn.boulder.co.us /environment/cacv/cacvprsp.htm (1788 words)

	Antonio J. Waring, Jr. Archaeological Laboratory \| Get Involved \| Volunteer Information
		Field records are an integral part of a collection and are not the permanent property of an individual researcher or contractor.
		Records generated during collections research and treatment should be deposited with the collection.
		Data and records created or stored in electronic formats are fragile and require specialized long-term care and management.
	www.westga.edu /~ajwlab/saaethics.htm (440 words)

	Puranic Time and the Archaeological Record
		The strata of the earth, extending back hundreds of millions of years, should yield a bewildering mixture of hominid bones, some anatomically modern human and some not, as well as a similarly bewildering variety of artifacts, some displaying a high level of artistry and others not.
		Given the linear progressivist preconceptions of generations of archaeologists and anthropologists, one could also predict that this mixture of bones and artifacts would be edited to conform to their deeply rooted linear-progressive time concepts.
		Linear-progressivist time concepts thus pose a substantial barrier to truly objective evaluation of the archaeological record and to rational theory building in the area of human origins and antiquity.
	www.geocities.com /july9th_77/puranic_time_and_the_archaeological_record.htm (5084 words)

	Archaeological Field Methods: Conserving the In Situ Archaeological Record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Archaeological research has produced some remarkable insights into the character and history of human societies, but archaeological interpretations are always provisional and often disputed.
		The archaeological record has always been under assault from the forces of nature, but in the 20th century, human agency became the major threat to its survival.
		Those dedicated to archaeological conservation must redouble their efforts to strengthen protective laws and public policies, to broaden the base of public involvement in archaeological conservation, and to direct their energies toward preserving and studying archaeological sites rather than into struggles among groups that approach conservation from different perspectives.
	www.indiana.edu /~swasey/matrix/afm/afm_manu.htm (2986 words)

	ASOR's Policy on Preservation of Archaeological Resources
		ASOR members should take every precaution to insure that parts of the archaeological record for which they are responsible are fully documented and, to the extent possible, protected from the eventuality of warfare.
		As stewards of the archaeological record, ASOR and its members have a responsibility to communicate with and act for the benefit of the public, while recognizing that the public is a diverse one.
		ASOR and its members are active in educating the general public regarding archaeological interpretations of the past and the methods used in archaeology to understand human behavior and culture.
	www.asor.org /policy.htm (1240 words)

	Torbay Historic Environment Record
		The Torbay Historic Environment Record (HER), formerly the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) is a database of information on all known archaeological and historic sites in the administrative area of Torbay Council, formerly within the historic county of Devon.
		Conversely, known areas of historic settlement, for example the pre-Conquest towns and villages recorded in Domesday Book, in which otherwise no specific archaeological observations have ever been made can be defined and earmarked for archaeological consideration when applications for planning permission are made.
		The HER is continuously added to and enhanced as the archaeological record grows; its use is essential in understanding the archaeological heritage of the area that makes up Torbay today.
	www.torre-abbey.org.uk /index/living/archaeology/archaeology-historicrecord.htm (362 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		DEFINITION: Written record completed for each level in each excavation unit, providing detailed information on how a given level was excavated and what was found in it.
		DEFINITION: A specific location or feature that is defined as an entity for the purpose of recording archaeological data.
		DEFINITION: A record that depicts, describes, and provides an initial interpretation of the cultural levels of a location on a site.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=record (268 words)

	In Pursuit of the Past: AFTERWORD
		Part II of In Pursuit is about both the accumulation of knowledge and its use to "situate" present-day observations made about the archaeological record within the context of the dynamics of the past.
		The fact is that archaeologists' units are demonstrated forms of patterning derived from the analytical study of the archaeological record.
		There is absolutely no doubt that a great deal of knowledge has been accumulated of the archaeological record during critical time periods and from critical locations where major changes occurred.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9693/9693.afterword.html (1531 words)

	Class Schedule AP252 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		We study a contemporary phenomenon, the archaeological record to make inferences about conditions that occurred in the past.
		It would be a good idea for you to become familiar with this framework as it will be relevant to your proposal, your, research, your manuscript, and to the quizzes and exercises throughout the semester.
		The archaeological record is "the result of a dynamic, evolving, integrated system of biological [, cultural] and sedimentological processes that have both limited and enhanced knowledge" of past conditions.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~lctodd/ap252.htm (834 words)

	Archaeological Record
		This research has revealed that Aboriginal occupation of the region goes back at least 22,000 years (Neal and Stock 1986) and that there is a relatively good archaeological record for the past 6000 years.
		It is noteworthy that Bushrangers Cave is located on the eastern side of an historically recorded Aboriginal pathway running from the coast to the mountains and river valleys to the west.
		It is thought that this pathway, which permitted travel and social interaction between the various clans of the region, has been in existence for thousands of years.
	www.home.gil.com.au /~tmacey/ipswich/archrecord.html (718 words)

	Canadian Archaeological Association
		The objectives of the Canadian Archaeological Association include promoting, protecting and conserving the archaeological heritage of Canada, and the dissemination of archaeological knowledge.
		Archaeological remains are finite, fragile, non-renewable and unique.
		A fundamental commitment to stewardship is the sharing of knowledge about archaeological topics to a broader public and to enlist public support for stewardship.
	www.canadianarchaeology.com /conduct.lasso (490 words)

	CARN National Monuments Record of Wales, Archaeological Database
		CARN is being developed as the public entry-point to the Extended National Database for Wales, a national information resource for archaeology and architecture compiled by archaeological organisations across Wales.
		Records are included from the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust SMR (Sites and Monuments Record), Dyfed Archaeological Trust SMR, Gwynedd Archaeological Trust SMR, Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust SMR, Cadw´s scheduled monument database and the Royal Commission´s National Monuments Record of Wales.
		Further records from these organisations and the National Museums and Galleries of Wales- will be added as they become available.
	www.rcahmw.org.uk /data/carn.shtml (703 words)

	The archaeological record: Flinders Petrie in Egypt
		He worked at a much higher number of sites, and with much greater speed, than an archaeologist would today; he saw his life as a mission of rescue archaeology - to retrieve as much information as possible from sites that were shrinking dramatically in size as Egypt modernized.
		In this way the walls of the Great Temenos or Hellenion had almost disappeared, and the appearance of the mound that takes the place of the ancient city had in several respects been altered.
		For the seasons at Qau and Badari, Petrie contributed by excavating and recording one of the many cemeteries in the Qau area, and by examining the large rock-cut tombs of Middle Kingdom (about 2025-1700 BC) governors at Qau.
	www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology/petriedigsindex.html (722 words)

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