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Topic: Archaeopteryx

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	Archaeopteryx - LoveToKnow 1911
		The name of Archaeopteryx litho graphica was based by Hermann von Meyer upon a feather (Gr.irrEpv, wing) found in 1861 in the lithographic slate quarries of Solenhofen in Bavaria, the geological horizon being that of the Kimmeridge clay of the Upper Oolite or Jurassic system.
		Archaeopteryx was a bird, without any doubt, but still with so many low, essentially reptilian characters that it forms a link between these two classes.
		The clawed slender fingers did not make Archaeopteryx any more quadrupedal or bat-like in its habits than is a kestrel hawk, with its equally large, or even larger thumb-claw.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Archaeopteryx (727 words)

	ARCHAEOPTERYX - Zoom Dinosaurs
		Archaeopteryx (meaning "ancient wing") is a very early prehistoric bird, dating from about 150 million years ago during the Jurassic period, when many dinosaurs lived.
		Paleontologists think that Archaeopteryx was a dead-end in evolution and that coelurosaurian theropods (a group of dinosaurs that included the Dromaeosaurs Deinonychus, Utahraptor, and Velociraptor) led to the birds.
		Using the fossils of Archaeopteryx and Compsognathus, a bird-sized and bird-like dinosaur, Huxley argued that birds and reptiles were descended from common ancestors.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/dinos/Archaeopteryx.shtml (664 words)

	Archaeopteryx FAQs
		Archaeopteryx is commonly cited as an example of a transitional fossil (i.e.
		Archaeopteryx's ancestry is discussed, along with the contentious position of Protoavis.
		However, given the well known half-life of anti-evolutionary material years after it has been superseded, it is useful to look at the claims made in the 1985 book to see whether or not they hold up to scrutiny.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/archaeopteryx.html (301 words)

	Archaeopteryx - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The palatine in Archaeopteryx is sufficiently advanced to merit comparison with select neornithines, and Elzanowski (2002) has compared it favorably with that of the non-struthioniform paleognaths, particularly in that the maxillary process of the palatine is both short and offset, failing to contact the palatal process of the premaxilla.
		Feduccia (1993a) demonstrated convincingly that the pes claws of Archaeopteryx are also similar in their geometry to those of arboreal, perching forms, with a mean curvature of 120 degrees, well outside the range of terrestrial cursors such as Centropus, where the same curvature measures around 85.7 degrees.
		Archaeopteryx is the cornerstone from which any consideration of avian evolution must start, and it is perhaps this fact that makes these fossils so amazingly important--they are the key from which we can unravel the ancestry and early evolution of Aves.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Archaeopteryx (8612 words)

	Digimorph - Archaeopteryx lithographica (fossil avialan)
		Archaeopteryx, the earliest known flying bird (avialan) from the Late Jurassic period, exhibits many shared primitive characters with more basal coelurosaurian dinosaurs (the clade including all theropods more bird-like than Allosaurus), such as teeth, a long bony tail and pinnate feathers.
		The braincase of BMNH 37001 was scanned at the University of Texas at Austin’s High-Resolution X-ray CT Facility on 24-25 June 2002 by Matthew Colbert and Richard Ketcham.
		Owen, R. On the Archaeopteryx of von Meyer, with a description of the fossil remains of a long-tailed species, from the lithographic stone of Solenhofen.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Archaeopteryx_lithographica (2311 words)

	What is a Archaeopteryx?
		Archaeopteryx is the earliest recognized bird that appears in the fossil record.
		Archaeopteryx lived at the same time as a number of feathered dinosaurs, but it was the first to seriously depart from the dinosaur line in terms of anatomy.
		Archaeopteryx was originally discovered under limestone in Germany, and the Berlin museum possesses the best known specimen to this day.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-archaeopteryx.htm (332 words)

	Archaeopteryx
		In southern Germany, 140,000,000 years ago, countless sea lilies were imbedded in fine lime-muds between drowned coral reefs on the floor of a moderately deep sea.
		However, the most famous fossils from these strata are five specimens of archaeopteryx, generally considered to be the oldest known bird, and certainly the focus of continuing debate.
		Archaeopteryx was small, with a wingspan of 0.5 m and weighed about 325 g.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/archaeo.htm (122 words)

	Archaeopteryx lithographica - the first bird (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Archaeopteryx looked very similar to some modern birds, and several of the specimens clearly show what appear to be true feathers.
		Using the fossils of Archaeopteryx and Compsognathus, a bird-sized and bird-like dinosaur, Huxley argued that birds and reptiles were descended from common ancestors.
		In 2004, scientists analyzing a detailed CT scan of Archaeopteryx's braincase concluded that its brain was significantly larger than that of most dinosaurs, indicating that it possessed the brain size necessary for flying.
	www.dinosaur-world.com /feathered_dinosaurs/archaeopteryx_lithographica.htm (757 words)

	Archaeopteryx is NOT a hoax—it is a true bird, not a “missing link”
		Archaeopteryx is one of the most famous of the alleged transitional forms promoted by evolutionists.
		Archaeopteryx even had large optic lobes to process the visual input needed for flying.
		Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, C., Archaeopteryx, the primordial bird: a case of fossil forgery, Christopher Davies, London, 1986.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs2/4254news3-24-2000.asp (865 words)

	Archaeopteryx FAQs
		Archaeopteryx is commonly cited as an example of a transitional fossil (i.e.
		Archaeopteryx's ancestry is discussed, along with the contentious position of Protoavis.
		However, given the well known half-life of anti-evolutionary material years after it has been superseded, it is useful to look at the claims made in the 1985 book to see whether or not they hold up to scrutiny.
	talkorigins.org /faqs/archaeopteryx.html (301 words)

	Archaeopteryx
		A particulary important and still contentious discovery is Archaeopteryx lithographica, found in the Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of southern Germany, which is marked by rare but exceptionally well preserved fossils.
		Archaeopteryx is considered by many to be the first bird, being of about 150 million years of age.
		Unlike all living birds, Archaeopteryx had a full set of teeth, a rather flat sternum ("breastbone"), a long, bony tail, gastralia ("belly ribs"), and three claws on the wing which could have still been used to grasp prey (or maybe trees).
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /diapsids/birds/archaeopteryx.html (499 words)

	"Archaeopteryx lithographica: The Ultimate Fraud"
		The second Archaeopteryx discovery in 1877 was again claimed to have been made at the Solnhofen site and passed through the hands of Karl Haberlein's son, Ernst [9]; this time the enormous sum of thirty-six thousand gold marks was demanded for the prize.
		The Berlin Archaeopteryx, discovered in 1877, is the most perfect of all the specimens since it not only has feathers on the wings and tail but is complete with the head having teeth and has both legs and both feet.
		Archaeopteryx has been carefully described as a diving bird using it's wings as the propelling agent, thus offering evidence as to why Archaeopteryx has been so carefully preserved in the sediments (Duffet, 1983).
	www.tccsa.tc /articles/hoax.html (7520 words)

	Archaeopteryx
		Archaeopteryx is frequently used for pedagogical purposes because it is easy to recognize its mixture of "bird" and "reptile" features and because it played an historical role in helping to cement Darwin's theory (it was discovered 2 years after publication of the Origin).
		Archaeopteryx is frequently used as an example of a transitional form between reptiles (dinosaurs) and birds.
		Archaeopteryx is but one of many fossils showing a clear genealogical connection between dinosaurs and birds (Figure 12).
	www.ncseweb.org /icons/Icon5archy.html (3783 words)

	All About Archaeopteryx
		Morphologically, Archaeopteryx clearly appears more closely related to theropod dinosaurs that any other group and is grouped with birds over theropod dinosaurs due to the possession of only two main characters, presence of feathers, and presence of a fully reverted hallux (toe).
		Later forms such as the dromaeosaurids (the group closely related to Archaeopteryx) rearranged this so that the primary thrust was produced by muscles attaching from the leg to the pelvis and the base of the tail.
		Wellnhofer, P. (1993) The seventh specimen of Archaeopteryx from the Solnhofen Limestone.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/archaeopteryx/info.html (9633 words)

	Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur ZHW - School of Engineering: Super-lightweight glider Archaeopteryx
		A prototype of the newly developed super-lightweight glider Archaeopteryx is successfully in operation and its design is a symbiosis between common hang-gliders and conventional sailplanes.
		The Archaeopteryx provides a remarkable performance for foot launched glider flights, allowing a new, marvellous and unconventional means of gliding / hang-gliding.
		The project is focused on the development of a truly foot launchable super-lightweight sailplane which actually allows to be operated as a hang-glider.
	www.zhwin.ch /archaeopteryx/english.php (434 words)

	Archaeopteryx - is this bird a fraud?
		Archaeopteryx lithographica was the name which geologist Sir Richard Owen gave in 1863 to one of the most unusual specimens which he was to acquire in his career as Curator of the British Museum of Natural History.
		Archaeopteryx meanwhile continues to be the subject of serious scholarship and causes dispute among scientists who do not question its authenticity.
		He argues that Archaeopteryx is not an ancestral bird and transfers it to the dinosaur suborder Theropoda.
	www.chebucto.ns.ca /Environment/NHR/archaeopteryx.html (1781 words)

	New Archaeopteryx fossil provides further insight into bird, dinosaur evolution - The Panda's Thumb
		We cannot say that Archaeopteryx is the mother of all birds, but perhaps the aunt of all birds.
		Archaeopteryx was classified as a bird back in 1861 based heavily on the fact that it was feathered, and feathers were synonymous with birds.
		Archaeopteryx was central to typological concepts of “birdness” in the literature since the late 1800s primarily because of the preserved presence of feathers on it.
	www.pandasthumb.org /archives/2005/12/new_archaeopter.html (7531 words)

	Dromaeosaurid Archaeopteryx
		Archaeopteryx truly is a flying theropod that shows virtually no avian characters not observed in other theropods (the large, distal, fully reversed hallux may be the only exception).
		Archaeopteryx is not only a theropod, it is a dromaeosaur because it shares a number of detailed characters only with dromaeosaurs.
		In addition, the foot of Archaeopteryx is functionally two toed, with a short toe II that is hyperextendable.
	www.dinosauria.com /jdp/archie/dromey.htm (314 words)

	Archaeopteryx lithographica
		Although the idea of a close relationship between birds and dinosaurs was proposed as far back as the late 19th century, it never found much support and the features shared by dinosaurs and birds (for instance, bipedalism, a three toed foot, hollow bones) were simply assumed to result from convergent evolution instead of common ancestry.
		Evans, J. On portions of a Cranium and Jaw of the Archaeopteryx.
		Owen, R. On the Archaeopteryx of Von Meyer, with a description of the fossil remains of a long-tailed species from the lithographic stone of Solnhofen.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~longrich/archaeopteryx.html (1210 words)

	Kennedy 2000 / Solnhofen Limestone: Home of Archaeopteryx - GeoRpts n30
		Viohl G. Geology of the Solnhofen lithographic limestone and the habitat of Archaeopteryx.
		Digital development of birds may or may not be similar to that of Archaeopteryx, but is clearly different from that of theropod dinosaurs.
		Archaeopteryx fossil slab from the Buergermeister Mueller Museum in Solnhofen, Germany.
	www.grisda.org /georpts/3001.htm (1744 words)

	Archaeopteryx's Relationship With Modern Birds
		Very long forelimb and hands (e.g., in Archaeopteryx forelimb is 120-140% of hindlimb length, and more than twice as long as distance between glenoid and acetabulum), with forearm more than 87% of humerus length and mcII approaching or exceeding one-half of humerus length.
		In nonavian theropods, the tibia/fibula and the metatarsus become relatively smaller as body size (and femur size) increases; in birds, the tibia/fibula and the metarsus become relatively longer as body size (and femur size) increases.
		Unfortunately, Archaeopteryx lies very close to the points at which the "bird" and "nonbird" allometric lines cross, so it is not possible to say at present to which of these curves the Urvogel belongs].
	www.dinosauria.com /jdp/archie/archie.htm (674 words)

	Apologetics Press - It's a Bird! It's a Dinosaur! It's...Archaeopteryx!
		Even though Archaeopteryx [meaning ancient” (Greek archae) wing”; (pteryx)] had feathers, and was about the size of a pigeon, controversy has surrounded this creature for a long time because it also had some features that are similar to a small dinosaur—it had teeth in its beak and claws on its wings.
		Evolutionists maintain that the claws and teeth of Archaeopteryx suggest that it had been a reptile in the past.
		Actually, however, such characteristics of Archaeopteryx do not prove that it was the missing link between reptiles and birds.
	www.apologeticspress.org /articles/1821 (579 words)

	Archaeopteryx braincase - Virtual wonders at The Natural History Museum
		Archaeopteryx, is the earliest known flying bird, about the size of a magpie.
		Measuring the 3D reconstruction has shown that that Archaeopteryx had enlarged brain regions for sight and control of movement, similar to modern-day birds.
		Its very likely that Archaeopteryx had a keen sense of sight, and the movement and balance control needed for controlled flight, and not just gliding.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /nature-online/virtual-wonders/vrbraincase.html (166 words)

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