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Topic: Archaeoraptor

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	Archaeoraptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Archaeoraptor was a fossil believed to be a theropod dinosaur closely related to the ancestors of birds, but which proved to be an archaeological forgery.
		The purported fossil of Archaeoraptor was found 1998 in a gem show in Tucson, Arizona.
		The Archaeoraptor specimen was returned by the Czerkases to China, where Xu Xing, a member of Beijing's Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology noticed that the tail of Archaeoraptor strongly resembled an unnamed Maniraptoran dinosaur — later to be named Microraptor zhaoianus — that he was studying, but the front half did not match.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Archaeoraptor (886 words)

	Archaeoraptor -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Archaeoraptor was a fossil believed to be an intermediary between dinosaurs and birds, but proved to be an (additional info and facts about archaeological forgery) archaeological forgery.
		The purported (The remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil) fossil of archaeoraptor was found 1998 in a gem show in (additional info and facts about Tucson, Arizona) Tucson, Arizona.
		In various websites, (additional info and facts about creationists) creationists claim that the evolutionary (A specialist in paleontology) palaeontologists supported archaeoraptor even when they noticed it was a fake, and that it is a proof of a "fossil industry".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/archaeoraptor.htm (562 words)

	Bird-brained Dinosaur to Bird Proponents Get Wings Clipped, Eat Crow: The Archaeoraptor Hoax
		Archaeoraptor bolsters the hypothesis that birds evolved from bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs known as theropods (SN: 9/18/99, p.183), says Philip J. Currie of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta.
		But weeks later, archaeoraptor was unveiled as a hoax, wedged together with bits and pieces from at least two animals by canny Chinese farmers with a feel for what paleontologists were looking for.
		Archaeoraptor's moment of truth came last December when a Chinese researcher, Xu Xing, visited Liaoning and found evidence that the creature's tail had been stolen from a land-bound dinosaur called a dromaeosaur.
	www.s8int.com /archaeoraptor.html (3177 words)

	ARCHAEORAPTOR FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Archaeoraptor was a fossil believed to be a theropod dinosaur closely related to the ancestors of birds, but which proved to be an archaeological_forgery.
		In the article Sloan used the name ''Archaeoraptor liaoningensis'' but with a disclaimer (so that it would not count as a nomenclatural act for the purposes of scientific classification) in anticipation of being able to publish a peer-reviewed description simultaneously in ''Nature''.
		The ''Archaeoraptor'' specimen was returned by the Czerkases to China, where Xu_Xing, a member of Beijing's Institute_of_Vertebrate_Paleontology_and_Paleoanthropology noticed that the tail of ''Archaeoraptor'' strongly resembled an unnamed Maniraptoran dinosaur â” later to be named ''Microraptor_zhaoianus'' â” that he was studying, but the front half did not match.
	www.mrspell.com /Archaeoraptor (750 words)

	Archaeoraptor - TheBestLinks.com - Beijing, Creationism, Dinosaur, Evolution, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Archaeoraptor was an apparent fossil of an evolutionary missing link that proved to be archaeological forgery.
		However, in an open letter, Storrs L. Olson, Curator of Birds in the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution protested both the fact that Archaeoraptor was effectively contraband and that the magazine wanted to support a specific and contested theory about birds being descended from theropods.
		In various websites, creationists effectively claim that the evolutionary palaeontologists supported archaeoraptor even when they noticed it was a fake and is a proof of a "fossil industry".
	www.thebestlinks.com /Archaeoraptor.html (486 words)

	Dino Hoax Was Mainly Made of Ancient Bird, Study Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Archaeoraptor fossil introduced in 1999 as the missing evolutionary link between carnivorous dinosaurs and modern birds turned out to be a composite of two different species previously unknown to scientists.
		The Archaeoraptor fossil was introduced in 1999 and hailed as the missing evolutionary link between carnivorous dinosaurs and modern birds.
		The Archaeoraptor fossil was unveiled in October 1999 at National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington, D.C., and received considerable attention from the media.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2002/11/1120_021120_raptor.html (832 words)

	All mixed up over birds and dinosaurs
		'Archaeoraptor' may be the tail of a primitive bird stuck to the body of a dinosaur.
		The US palaeontology community has been rocked by a Chinese 'bird' fossil that may be a new species, but that many suspect to be be a composite of more than one fossil that was smuggled illegally out of China.
		The magazine is to publish a note in its March issue stating that the specimen is "a composite", and that tests have "revealed anomalies in the fossil's construction".
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Evolution/Dinos/all_mixed_up_over_birds_and_dino.htm (1738 words)

	Archaeoraptor
		It was allegedly found in China in the 1990s and was described in the November 1999 issue of National Geographic as “a true missing link in the complex chain that connects dinosaurs to birds.” The specimen is actually a composite of two dinosaur fossils.
		Despite claims by some creationists that a mistake or fraud by scientists somehow supports their belief that evolution never happened and that God created all species separately, most paleontologists are convinced that birds emerged from dinosaurs.
		The Archaeoraptor fossil only had a few months of glory as the missing link between dinosaurs and birds before it was exposed as a composite.
	skepdic.com /archaeoraptor.html (447 words)

	DARWINISM-WATCH.com - Responding Evolutionist Propaganda in the Media
		The impression was thereby given that National Geographic is an idealistic body, chasing hot on the heels of the smugglers and striving with all its might to destroy this illegal trade.
		However, the TV channel failed to mention that just a few years ago it too was involved in the smuggling of an Archaeoraptor fossil (and the fraud that accompanied it).
		Archaeoraptor was thus dethroned, and took its place alongside all the other evolutionist frauds in history.
	www.darwinism-watch.com /nat_geo_tv_smuggling_incident.php (609 words)

	The Archaeoraptor Fraud: National Geographic: all-time low for engaging in sensationalistic, unsubstantiated, tabloid ...
		Unique to the Archaeoraptor fossil, they said, was the presence of both a bird-like bone structure and a strong, dinosaur-like tail.
		In reality, the Archaeoraptor fossil turned out to be the remains of two animals pieced together.
		Archaeoraptor, the unofficial name of the fossil, is actually two animals pieced together either as an honest mistake made by its discoverers in China or as
	www.bible.ca /tracks/archaeoraptor-fraud-piltdown-bird.htm (1667 words)

	Groupthink: the Search for Archaeoraptor as a Metaphoric Tale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Much to the embarrassment of all concerned, several lines of evidence subsequently revealed Archaeoraptor to be a forgery in which bones of a primitive bird and a non-flying dromaeosaurid dinosaur had been deliberately combined.
		Chinese paleontologist Xu Xing, a doctoral student at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (Beijing) subsequently contended that Archaeoraptor is a combination of two fossils: one of the body and head of a birdlike creature and the other of the tail of a dinosaur.
		The learnings from the simple tale of the Archaeoraptor forgery may be useful in distinguishing meaningful conclusions from those that are simply the wishful thinking of those in desperate need of simplicity and quick fixes.
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /musings/raptor.php (3699 words)

	CC352: Archaeoraptor Was a Fake
		Archaeoraptor was touted by scientists as the dinosaur-bird transition (Sloan 1999), but it was revealed as a fake, a composite of an avian body and a non-avian dinosaur's tail.
		Archaeoraptor was published in the popular press, not in peer-reviewed journals.
		The two halves of Archaeoraptor (Yanornis martini, the body, and Microraptor zhaoianus, the tail) are valuable fossils in their own right (Rowe et al.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CC/CC352.html (190 words)

	This Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Archaeoraptor liaoningensis, a fossil found last year that was touted as the missing evolutionary link between dinosaurs and birds, is now under careful reexamination by the very team that originally discovered it.
		While examining a fossil of the dromaeosaurid dinosaur, Xu Xing of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology noticed that the tail of the animal was identical to that of the archaeoraptor.
		The scientists believe that archaeoraptor could be a composite of two different animals: a birdlike creature and the tail of a dromaeosaurid.
	www.calacademy.org /thisweek/archive/2000/20000126.html (987 words)

	Editorial: Kevin Padian
		One was called "Archaeoraptor," and it appeared to be unusual because it had an apparently avian body but a long, stiff, dromaeosaur-like tail.
		This is based on computer-tomographic (CT) analysis that had evidently been done at the time but was not accepted by all those working on the specimen (results of the analysis are still unpublished).
		The few, but vocal, distinguished colleagues who maintain steadfastly that birds could not have evolved from dinosaurs—but who have yet to provide an alternative hypothesis or an alternative phylogenetic method, even after 25 years—claimed confidently that this specimen shows how pathetic stories of feathered dinosaurs are.
	palaeo-electronica.org /2000_2/editor/padian.htm (5164 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		The suspicion over the authenticity of archaeoraptor, which was said to have been dug up in the dinosaur-bone-rich area of Liaoning province, China, comes from Chinese paleontologist Xing Xu of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing.
		The archaeoraptor fossil had made its way to the United States last year where it was put on the market.
		The paleontologists thought archaeoraptor was the missing link between dinosaurs and birds because it had several features of a bird, including not only feathers, but a large breastplate and keel.
	www.exn.ca /stories/2000/01/21/56.asp (723 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - The Dinosaur that Fooled the World - Transcript
		BILL ALLEN: The fossil of Archaeoraptor found its way from China to Utah and fortunately it did end up in the care of people whose knowledge of dinosaurs helped them quickly realise what a find it is. It is a true missing link between dinosaurs and birds that could fly.
		The photos of the Archaeoraptor showed a clear fracture between the tail and the pelvis which didn't exist on the new fossil.
		LARRY MARTIN: The effect of Archaeoraptor has largely been just simply to demonstrate that people that believe strongly in an idea can be easily fooled and as a result of that it becomes far more credible that they have made a lot of mistakes.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2001/dinofooltrans.shtml (5576 words)

	National Geographic Archaeoraptor Article for Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the nearby city of Jinzhou a judge said that punishment could range from two or three years in jail to--in exceptional cases, such as when a fossil is smuggled out of China and sold abroad for tens of thousands of dollars--execution.
		Archaeoraptor was taken to the U.S., where it sold for $80,000.
		The Archaeoraptor story was originally to appear in the magazine as a small, subsidiary part of a broader piece on feathered dinosaurs.
	ceirp.cornell.edu /Review/NGArtHlt.html (3873 words)

	Apologetics Press - Archaeopteryx, Archaeoraptor, and the “Dinosaurs-To-Birds” Theory—[Part II]
		The fossil, named Archaeoraptor liaoningensis, was discovered at Xiasanjiazi in China’s northeastern Liaoning Province and appeared to have the body of a primitive bird with the teeth and tail of a small, terrestrial dinosaur or dromaeosaur.
		Archaeoraptor actually “evolved” in a Chinese farmhouse where homemade paste was used to glue together two completely different fossils.
		Lewis Simons, the reporter who was commissioned to investigate the Archaeoraptor fiasco for National Geographic, stated that what he had uncovered was “a tale of misguided secrecy and misplaced confidence, of rampant egos clashing, self-aggrandizement, wishful thinking, naïve assumptions, human error, stubbornness, manipulation, backbiting, lying, corruption, and most of all, abysmal communication” (Simons, 2000, 198[4]:128).
	www.apologeticspress.org /articles/471 (6328 words)

	SCIPIONYX SAMNITICUS
		The discovery that it was forged has been enough for many people to cast doubt on ALL the feathered dinosaurs coming from China and the general concept of dinosaurs as descendant of birds or birds as living dinosaurs.
		When it came in the shape of 'Archaeoraptor liaoningensis' it unfortunately made it to the Tucson fossil fair (the smuggling of specimens out of China is another nightmare for the Chinese scientific community) and then to a starring role in National Geographic.
		Archaeoraptor might be a combination of two specimens...
	www.luisrey.ndtilda.co.uk /html/feather.htm (829 words)

	A legacy of broken dreams - 4Forums.com
		It was during this nebulous period that the paleontological community, upon further review, demonstrated that "Archaeoraptor" was a chimera, and therefore the taxon was invalid.
		You presented the case of Archaeoraptor in a long list of other cases which you have claimed were engineered by overzealous scientists seeking to promulgate evolution at the expense of reality.
		"Archaeoraptor" was a debacle only to the National Geographic, it was never a significant issue to the scientific community, which is accustomed to a nomen nudum turning into a nomen dubium all the time--it is indeed quite common in paleontology.
	www.4forums.com /political/showthread.php?t=975 (2277 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: 'Missing link' between dinosaurs, birds disputed 01/23/00
		The turkey-sized fossil with sharp claws and teeth, hailed by some scientists as an important find for the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs, is really a composite of fossils from different creatures, says Xu Xing, an eminent paleontologist in Beijing.
		The Archaeoraptor fossil, however, included specimens that had been smuggled out of China and thus are of uncertain provenance.
		Xu contends the Archaeoraptor is a combination of two fossils: one of the body and head of a birdlike creature and the other of the tail of a different dinosaur.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/012300/tec_124-6279.shtml (775 words)

	DinoData Dinosaurs Archaeoraptor liaoningensis A234 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This specimen was originally part of the holotype of Archaeoraptor liaoningensis, as controversially announced by National Geographic (Sloan, 1999).
		This holotype was later shown to be composed of several specimens artificially combined together, one of which is the counterpart of the eumaniraptoran Microraptor zhaoianus.
		Still, only ornithothoracines are known to have it, so it is evidence "Archaeoraptor" was a member of that clade.
	www.dinodata.net /Dd/Namelist/TABA/A234.htm (799 words)

	Another Hoax? - Does God Exist? - MarApr01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the last article of the October, 2000, issue is the embarrassing admission that the Archaeoraptor fossil was a fraud, a combination of fossils.
		This should have been adequate evidence that it was a fraud; however, not until Xu Xing presented the results of his examination of the fossil was it finally admitted that it was a fraud.
		Finally it was conceded that "beyond all doubt that the tail belonged to the second fossil" (loc.cit.).
	www.doesgodexist.org /MarApr01/AnotherHoax.html (520 words)

	Flew the Coop
		On October 15, 1999, the National Geographic Society announced the discovery of the new fossil Archaeoraptor liaoningensis (ancient bird of prey from Liaoning).
		The archaeoraptor fossil was studied under ultra-violet light, as well as being CAT scanned and x-rayed.
		Next is the fossil of archaeopteryx, a forerunner of the archaeoraptor in the dubious line of evidence for a connection between dinosaurs and birds.
	www.baptistlink.com /godandcountry/html/flew_the_coop.0 (587 words)

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