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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Archbishopric of Cologne
		It became a free city in 1288 and the residence of the Archbishop was moved from Cologne Cathedral to Bonn.
		The Archbishop was traditionally one of the Imperial Electors and the Archchancellor of Italy and Burgundy, technically from 1238 and permanently from 1263 until 1803.
		Cologne was, however, reestablished as the seat of a Catholic Archbishop in 1824, and remains one up to the present.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Archbishopric-of-Cologne (4428 words)

	Cologne
		Cologne, in size the third city of Prussia, and the capital of the district (Regierungsbezirk) of Cologne, is situated in the lowlands of the lower Rhine on both sides of the river.
		Among the churches of Cologne, the foremost is the cathedral, the greatest monument of Gothic architecture in Germany.
		Frederick I (1100-31) was the last Archbishop of Cologne to be invested with the episcopal ring and crosier; in 1111, during the three-days fight in the streets of Rome, he saved the Emperor Henry V from defeat, after his imprisonment of Pope Paschal II, but in 1114 abandoned the imperial party.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/cologne.html (4771 words)

	Cologne
		Cologne is the oldest major city in Germany; it became a city in 50 A.D. It got a bishop early, and in 785 became the seat of an archbishop.
		The Archbishop of Cologne ruled a large area as a secular lord in the Middle Ages, but in 1288 he was defeated by the Cologne citizens and forced to move to Bonn.
		Cologne lost its free status (and regained its archbishop) during the French period, and in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna was made part of the kingdom of Prussia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ko/Koln.html (494 words)

	Cologne - LoveToKnow 1911
		Cologne, with the tortuous, narrow and dark streets and lanes of the old inner town, is still regarded as one of the least attractive capital cities of Germany; but in modern times it has been greatly improved, and the evil smells which formerly characterized it have yielded to proper sanitary arrangements.
		Cologne rose to be the chief town of Germania Secunda, and had the privilege of the Jus Italicum.
		With Cologne itself, a free imperial city, the archbishop-electors were at perpetual feud; in 1262 the archiepiscopal see was transferred to Briihl, and in 1273 to Bonn; it was not till 1671 that the quarrel was finally adjusted.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cologne (2560 words)

	ipedia.com: Cologne Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cologne is the oldest major city in Germany; it became a city in 50 A.D. It got a bishop early, and in 785 became the seat of an archbishop.
		The Archbishop of Cologne ruled a large area as a secular lord in the Middle Ages, but in 1288 he was defeated by the Cologne citizens and forced to move to Bonn.
		Cologne lost its free status (and regained its archbishop) during the French period, and in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna was made part of the kingdom of Prussia.
	www.ipedia.com /cologne.html (630 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 5: Diocese-Fathers of Mercy \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Archbishop of Cologne, born 21 Jan., 1773, at Münster, Germany; died 19 Oct., 1845, in the same city.
		In an Allocution of 10 Dec., 1837, Pope Gregory XVI praised the course of the Archbishop of Cologne and solemnly protested against the action of the Government.
		He was permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of Cologne, but, in order to uphold the authority of the State in the public eye, was prevailed upon to select a coadjutor in the person of Johann von Geissel (q.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen05.html?term=Clemens%20August%20von%20Droste-Vishering (1091 words)

	Anno - LoveToKnow 1911
		TOT 0-1 075),archbishop of Cologne, belonged to a Swabian family, and was educated at Bamberg.
		The office of chancellor of the kingdom of Italy was at this period regarded as an appanage of the archbishopric of Cologne,and this was probably the reason why Anno had a considerable share in settling the papal dispute in 106 4.
		He succeeded in putting down a rising against his authority in Cologne in 107 4, and it was reported he had allied himself with William the Conqueror, king of England, against the emperor.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Anno (413 words)

	Wikinfo \| Cologne (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cologne, German Köln, (population 968,528 in 2002), is the fourth largest city in Germany and largest city of the North Rhine-Westphalia state.
		The Archbishop of Cologne ruled a large area as a secular lord in the Middle Ages, but in 1288 he was defeated by the Cologne citizens and forced to move to Bonn.
		Cologne lost its free status (and regained its archbishop) during the French period, and in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna was made part of the kingdom of Prussia.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=cologne (568 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Conrad of Hochstadt
		Archbishop of Cologne and Imperial Elector (1238-1261), and son of Count Lothar of Hochstadt and Mathilde of Vianden,
		During the first few months of his reign the new archbishop was on the side of the emperor in his conflict with Pope Gregory IX, but for unknown reasons went over to the papal party shortly after the emperor's excommunication (12 March, 1239).
		Cologne, who refused to acknowledge the temporal sovereignty of the archbishop over their city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04258d.htm (506 words)

	The Battle of Tusculum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Archbishop Reinhald wrote a letter home describing his victory, not included here, and notes that 9000 of the enemy were killed and another 5000 captured, and even adds that none of the men on his side were killed.
		The archbishop of Cologne, however, armed himself and the garrison of the castle and all his men, a number estimated as 300 well-armed knights, in order to be able to give help under any circumstances, and he remained calmly in the castle until the start of the battle.
		And behold, the archbishop of Cologne, breaking out of the castle with his eager knights, attacked the Romans from the rear and pushed against them courageously, so that they were surrounded on all sides, attacked from front and rear.
	www.deremilitari.org /RESOURCES/SOURCES/tusculum.htm (1007 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The University of Cologne (Universität zu Köln) is one of Europe's oldest universities and internationally renowned for its department of economics.
		Cologne is the only city in Germany with a tax on prostitution, which explains the city's relative open-mindedness towards sex workers (see prostitution in Germany).
		Cologne's location on the river Rhine placed it at the intersection of the major trade routes between east and west and was the basis of Cologne's growth.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Cologne (4192 words)

	Anno II, archbishop of Cologne Information
		1010 – December 4, 1075) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1056-1075.
		He took a prominent part in the government of Germany during the minority of King Henry IV and was the leader of the party which in 1062 seized the person of Henry, and deprived his mother, the empress Agnes, of power.
		The office of chancellor of the kingdom of Italy was at this period regarded as an appanage of the archbishopric of Cologne,and this was probably the reason why Anno had a considerable share in settling the papal dispute in 1064.
	www.bookrags.com /Archbishop_Anno_II (445 words)

	Cologne, Germany - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Cologne's location at the point where the Rhine crosses the overland route from Paris to northern Germany, and also at the junction of many roads along the Rhine, has given the city great commercial importance.
		The archbishop of Cologne was recognized as elector of the Holy Roman Empire by an edict, the Golden Bull of 1356.
		Cologne was severely damaged during World War II (1939-1945)—more than 90 percent of the structures were destroyed or damaged—but it was largely rebuilt and modernized by 1960.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /cologne.htm (733 words)

	Cologne History
		In 1815, the Vienna Congress annexed Cologne and the Rhineland to the Kingdom of Prussia.
		At this time, Cologne was the centre of rigorous public debate concerning the "social question", which was conducted by two illustrious protagonists: Karl Marx, who edited the newspaper "Neue Rheinische Zeitung" in the 1840's and Adolf Kolping, who founded the first fellowship to assist the exploited, hungry and often unemployed trade apprentices.
		In Cologne, debates about the culture and politics of the post-war era were the main focus of the "Wednesday discussions", organised by the bookseller Gerhard Ludwig in Cologne railway station between 1950 and 1956.
	www.world66.com /europe/germany/northrhinewestphalia/cologne/history (2267 words)

	Cologne Cathedral
		In 950 AD the port at Cologne was fortified down to the river, and a new mercantile sector of the city began to flourish (Strait 481).
		Cologne was not the economic powerhouse of the league, and was made second rate.
		The archbishop is a symbol of the church.
	hs.riverdale.k12.or.us /~hfinnert/exhib_04/mattk/paper_midieval.html (2250 words)

	Cologne Germany Travel Information \| Asia Travel Europe
		Cologne has been one of the most important European traffic junctions for more than 2,000 years, once forming a key intersection of the major roads of the Roman Empire, and is located on the main historical mediaeval trade routes.
		Cologne is the city of live music and concerts, with music from all periods from all over the world and in the most diverse stylistic schools and movements performed here every day.
		Cologne is a beautiful and diverse city, surrounded by equally attractive and varied countryside.
	www.asiatravel.com /germany/dusseldorf/cologneinfo.html (2958 words)

	WHKMLA : Cologne Stift Feud, 1583
		Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg was elected Archbishop of Cologne by the cathedral chapter in 1577.
		In 1583 the Cologne Cathedral Chapter deposed Archbishop Gebhard and elected Ernst von Wittelsbach, a relative of the Duke of Bavaria (a staunch supporter of the Counterreformation) in his stead.
		Archbishop Gebhard left the Stift Cologne and went into the Duchy of Westphalia, which ever since 1400 was a possession of the Archbishops of Cologne.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/colognestiftfeud.html (560 words)

	Towns in Germania Inferior: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Köln)
		Cologne was founded in 37 or 19 BCE, when the Romans transferred the Ubians from the east bank of the Rhine to the west bank.
		Cologne remained an important city and was the seat of an archbishop.
		This was to be the base for the city's later fortunes: in the Middle Ages, the archbishop of Cologne was a very important man and had the rank of "elector", i.e., one of the seven princes that had the right to elect a new German king.
	www.livius.org /cn-cs/cologne/cologne.html (1010 words)

	The oldest of the major German cities - Cologne Sights & Events - Stadt Köln (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Archbishop of Cologne, one of the most important feudal lords in the Holy Roman Empire, became Chancellor for Italy (11th C.) and Elector (14th C.).
		Since 1288 and their military victory over the archbishop and ruler of the city, the citizens of Cologne took political and economic power into their own hands, even though Cologne's status as a free imperial city was only confirmed de jure in 1475.
		Cologne's unique churches, the remains of its city walls and numerous civic buildings (town hall, Gürzenich, Overstolzenhaus and many more) as well as countless works of art are living proof of the riches and the devoutness of “Hillije Köln” (Holy Cologne).
	www.stadt-koeln.de /en/koelntourismus/geschichte/artikel/01222/index.html (495 words)

	Fullscreen QTVR - Cologne Cathedral
		In 1248, Konrad von Hochstaden, the Archbishop of Cologne, laid the first stone from which the Gothic shape of a new Cologne Cathedral was to rise.
		Your gaze then directs you to the river Rhine and across the nave of the cathedral which extends to the Hohenzollernbrücke bridge, the Ludwig museum and the Old Town with the Romanesque church of Gross St. Martin, continuing round to the green-clad spire on the town hall, the Rathausturm.
		At first glance, the original roof structure of the 19th century, erected over the vaulted ceilings of apse and chancels between April and June 1860, is reminiscent of a modern, post-war creation, this due not least to the orange protective paint coating.
	www.fullscreenqtvr.com /cologne_cathedral (741 words)

	Cologne Cathedral -- Kölner Dom
		It is under the administration of the Roman Catholic Church and is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne.
		The present cathedral was built to house the relics of the Magi, taken from Milan (Italy) by Holy Roman Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa and given to the Archbishop of Cologne, Rainald von Dassel in 1164.
		The most celebrated work of art in the Cologne Cathedral is the Sarcophagus of the Magi, a large gilded sarcophagus dating from the 13th century, and the largest reliquary in the western world.
	www.smart-travel-germany.com /cologne-cathedral.html (853 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Clemens August von Droste-Vishering
		Clemens August refused the imprimatur to their theological magazine, forbade the students of theology to attend their lectures, and drew up a list of anti-Hermesian theses to which all candidates for sacerdotal ordination and all pastors who wished to be transferred to new parishes were obliged to swear adherence.
		Allocution of 10 Dec., 1837, Pope Gregory XVI praised the course of the Archbishop of Cologne and solemnly protested against the action of the Government.
		He was permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of Cologne, but, in order to uphold the authority of the State in the public eye, was prevailed upon to select a coadjutor in the person of Johann von Geissel (q.v.), Bishop of Speyer, who henceforth directed the affairs of the
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05161b.htm (1132 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 4: Clandestinity-Diocesan Chancery \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Archbishop of Cologne and Imperial Elector (1238-1261), and son of Count Lothar of Hochstadt and Mathilde of Vianden, date of birth unknown; d.
		The whole temporal administration of Conrad was a series of struggles with some neighbouring princes and with the citizens of Cologne, who refused to acknowledge the temporal sovereignty of the archbishop over their city.
		He is buried in the cathedral of Cologne, of which he laid the corner-stone, 15 August, 1248.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen04.html?term=Conrad%20of%20Hochstadt (386 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paul Melchers
		Pius IX appointed him Bishop of Osnabrück (1857) and Archbishop of Cologne (1966).
		At the session of 13 July, 1870, he voted negatively on the question of papal infallibility; but he refused to sign an address in which fifty-five other members of the minority notified the pope of their immediate departure and reiterated their non placet.
		Cologne he proclaimed in an elegant address (24 July) the dogma defined 18 July.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10156a.htm (626 words)

	Dierk's page - Cologne / Köln
		The Cologne Cathedral, museum Ludwig, river Rhine and the Hohenzollernbridge at dusk.
		Many interesting photos displaying Cologne and the Cologne Cathedral are available on the Cologne photo album pages.
		Cologne Slideshow, a selection of the city and cathedral photos for MSIE, 7,8 megs, 5 min.
	www.anicursor.com /cologne.html (555 words)

	Cologne Cathedral, Cologne Cathedral Germany, Structure of Cologne Cathedral, Cologne History
		Dominating the skyline of Cologne, Germany is their world famous cathedral--Kölner Dom.
		By far their most famous landmark for hundreds of years, the Cologne cathedral is part of the Roman Catholic Church and hosts the Archbishop of Cologne.
		Given the size and age of the structure of Cologne Cathedral, construction is perpetually underway somewhere on the church.
	www.destination360.com /europe/germany/cologne-cathedral.php (409 words)

	Visit the Cologne Cathedral in Germany - Associated Content
		The Cologne Cathedral is one of the most visited landmarks in the world and one of the best known monuments in Germany.
		It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and under administration of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Although the relics were bestowed upon Cologne's Archbishop in 1164, construction of the cathedral didn't begin until some 80 years later in 1248 under Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/104730/visit_the_cologne_cathedral_in_germany.html (629 words)

	Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne - Overview
		Founded by the Romans, Cologne is the oldest city in Germany and still characterized by its 2000 years of history.
		The Archbishop of Cologne, one of the most important feudal lords in the Holy Roman Empire, became Chancellor for Italy (11th.
		University of Cologne is the biggest university in Germany and also one of the oldest.
	www.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de /english/studentInformation/livingCologne/overview/index.html (947 words)

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