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Topic: Archduke Albrecht of Austria

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	Archduke Albert - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		ARCHDUKE ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT) (1817-1895), Austrian field-marshal, was the eldest son of the archduke Charles (Karl Friedrich), and was born on the 3rd of August 1817 at Vienna.
		After being educated under the careful superintendence of his father, he entered the Austrian (K.K.) army as a colonel of infantry in 1837, and was transferred to the cavalry arm in 1839, becoming a major-general in 1840.
		The splendid fighting of the corps at Novara was decisive of the war, and Radetzky named d'Aspre, Count Thurn, and the archduke as the general officers worthy of the greatest rewards.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Archduke_Albert (987 words)

	Archduke Products
		Archduke Carl Albrecht of Austria in uniform - pcd
		Archduke Carl Stephan & Maria Theresia of Austria - pcd
		Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in uniform - pcd
	benjaminbreton.com /archduke.html (309 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Army - Feldmarschall Archduke Albrecht
		Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf was born on the 3rd of August 1817 as the son of the famous Austrian field marshal and victor at the battle of Aspern, Archduke Carl and Princess Henritte of Nassau-Weilburg.
		With the outbreak of the war against Prussia and Italy in 1866, Feldmarschall Archduke Albrecht assumed command of the monarchy's "South Army" facing the Italians on the 9th of May whilst the former chief of staff and commander in northern Italy, Feldzeugmeister Ludwig Ritter von Benedek was appointed to command the "North Army" in Bohemia.
		Albrecht was summoned to assume command of all the forces of the monarchy on the 10th of July and accompanied by FML Freiherr von John he reported to Vienna on the 13th.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /biog/erzalbrecht.html (1032 words)

	Virtual Vienna Net: Austria's History
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe.
		The Frankish ruler Charlemagne (747-814) established on the territory of present-day Austria the Carolingian March, or border province, between the rivers Enns, Raab and Drava.
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy, who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved to be not only an outstanding military commander but also a fine statesman.
	www.virtualvienna.net /austria/about/austria_history.html (1778 words)

	Peter Paul Rubens - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Sent to Rome in 1601, to take copies from Raphael for his master, he was also commissioned to paint several pictures for the church of Santa Croce, by the archduke Albrecht of Austria, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and once, when he was a cardinal, the titular of that see.
		On the 3rd of August 1609 Rubens was named painter in ordinary to their Highnesses, with a salary of 500 livres, and "the rights, honours, privileges, exemptions," andc., belonging to persons of the royal household, not to speak of the gift of a gold chain.
		Ferdinand of Austria, the cardinal-infant of Spain, was called to the government of the Netherlands on the death of his aunt.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Peter_Paul_Rubens (4869 words)

	Austria
		The Republic of Austria is a small country (about the size of Maine) situated in central Europe with a population of 8+ million.
		Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, Philippine Wesler are also important figures in the history of Innsbruck.
		She was the daughter of a merchant, and as a commoner the royal court would not let the couple live within the city.
	molly.kalafut.org /travel/austria.html (856 words)

	Freiburg
		For the foundation of its university Freiburg is indebted to Archduke Albrecht VI of Austria, who was entrusted by his brother, Emperor Frederick III, with the government of the Further Austrian territories.
		The idea was first conceived by Mechtild, the accomplished wife of Albrecht, and it was at her suggestion that he resolved to found the university, having obtained the sanction of Callistus III in the Bull of 20 April, 1455.
		On 5 November, 1520, shortly after the outbreak of the Thirty Years War, the Jesuits were introduced into the university on the strength of a fiat of Archduke Leopold in spite of the opposition of the senate, and entrusted with the whole faculty of arts and temporarily with two of the theological chairs.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/freiburg.html (4334 words)

	RULERS OF AUSTRIA (ÖSTERREICH)
		RULERS OF Babenberg Margraves of Ostmark, Dukes of Austria from 1156
		Habsburg Dukes of Austria, Archdukes of Austria from 1453
		Son of Albrecht IV of Habsburg; abdicated, died 1291
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/AustrianRulers.htm (1001 words)

	Avalanche Press
		Austria’s greatest soldier, the “Second Radetzky,” his reputation from the 1848 and 1859 wars was unmatched.
		Albrecht held the titular command of the Southern Army when it defeated the Italians at Custoza in 1866, and this became the foundation of his later political power.
		Albrecht’s appointment to Southern Army posed another problem for Benedek: Albrecht’s cousin, the Emperor, propped him up with the army’s best corps commanders and allowed him to retain John, Southern Army’s brilliant chief of staff, John.
	www.avalanchepress.com /BohAusOff1.php (1356 words)

	My Family Tree
		Rainer Of Austria & Princess Maria Of Savoy-Carignano
		Archduke Ferdinand Of Austria-Este & Princess Franziska Of Austria-Hungary
		Archduke Ferdinand Of Austria-Este & Princess Maria Of Este-Modena
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~joanne/family/f119.htm (821 words)

	Otto von Below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		rchduke Albrecht was the son of the famous Austrian field marshal and victor at the battle of Aspern, Archduke Carl and Princess Henritte of Nassau-Weilburg.
		After Austria's ultimate defeat to Prussia, Albrecht was appointed army commander-in-chief in 1868 and later inspector general.
		Archduke Albrecht died in February 1895 in Vienna and is buried in Capucins.
	home.comcast.net /~maviser/albrechtoes.htm (115 words)

	Italian Independence wars - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		During the evolution of the process that would finally have brought to the Italian Unification (Risorgimento), the Italian Independence wars were three wars fought against Austria between 1848 and 1866 and ended with the conquest of the whole Italian territory.
		French and Sardinian armies defeated the Austrians in the battles of Palestro (30 May), Montebello, Magenta (4 June) and Solferino (21 June) and took Milan, which was a province of the Austrian Empire.
		During the war, Archduke Albrecht of Austria defeated Italian forces in the battle of Custoza, but thanks to Prussian victory over Austria Italy gained the Kingdom of Venice (the last Austrian province in Italy).
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Italian_Independence_wars (636 words)

	Austrian (Teschen Line) Royal Family
		Karl was created the 1st Duke of Teschen on 10 February 1822, he was a brother to Emperor Franz I of Austria and Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (Grand Duke Ferdinando III of Tuscany)
		The House of Ratibor and Corvey derive from a branch of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
		Rainer's father Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria (1783-1853) was a younger brother of Emperor Franz I of Austria
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Austrian_Teschen_Royal_Family.htm (722 words)

	The Damon and Taber Family Connections - Place Index 7
		Austria, Albrecht IV 'The Patient' (Duke) - of b.
		Austria, Albrecht III 'The Braided' (Duke) - of b.
		Austria, Albrecht II 'The Wise' (Duke) - of b.
	www.richard.damon.name /genealogy/pd7.htm (1071 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		1249), titular Duke (1250-) of Austria and Styria; succeeded by Otakar II of Bohemia as Duke of Austria and Hesso of Baden as Margrave
		Birth of Duke Frederick I of Austria (King Frederick III of the Romans, died 1330), the son of Holy Roman Emperor Albert I and Elisabeth of Carinthia
		Marriage of Archduke Albert VII of Austria (1559-1621) to the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (1566-1633), daughter of Philip II of Spain
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?srchstr=Austria (3016 words)

	The descendants of Archduke Karl of Austria, Duke of Teschen
		The descendants of Archduke Karl of Austria, Duke of Teschen
		1.5.3.Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (1866-1939), m.1st 1890 Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (1868-1924), m.2nd 1934 Baroness Melanie von Riesenfels (1898-1984)
		3.4.6.4.Archduke Leo-Stefan of Austria (1928), m.1st 1962 (div 1969) Gabriele Kunert (1935-1975), m.2nd 1973 Heidi Aigner (1942)
	www.angelfire.com /in/heinbruins/Teschen.html (2488 words)

	History of Austria
		From the late 13th century, the rise of Austria is closely associated with the rise of the House of Habsburg.
		Archduke Rudolf IV proclaimed the indivisibility of Habsburg hereditary possessions, which corresponded roughly to the modern republic of Austria.
		Albrecht was given Austria and Styria, and Count Meinhard II of Tirol was given Carinthia and Carniola.
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/history.html (20221 words)

	Italian Independence wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Sardinia decided to exploit the apparently favourable moment, and declared war on Austria, with the alliance of the Papal States and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
		The Third Independence War was declared by the kingdom of Italy (unified in 1860) against the Austrian Empire, in 1866, with the alliance of the Kingdom of Prussia.
		During the ensuing Austro-Prussian War, Archduke Albrecht of Austria defeated Italian forces in the battle of Custoza, but thanks to Prussian victory over Austria Italy gained Venetia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Italian_Independence_wars (961 words)

	The Albert-Ludwigs-University
		he University of Freiburg was founded by the Archduke Albrecht VI of Austria in 1457 at a time of economical and cultural prosperity.
		Archduke Albrecht was more likely planning to secure the sovereign authority of "Vorderösterreich" (a part of early Austria) and to ensure well trained civil servants and a theologically educated priesthood.
		The Grand Duke's successor, Archduke Ludwig (1820) was finally able to definitely secure the Universities continual existence with the foundation of a yearly government subsidy regulated by law.
	www.endocytobiology.org /conference1998/university.html (1473 words)

	Royal News 2003, Section I
		Archduke Eduard of Austria (son of Archduke Michael of Austria and of his wife, née Princess Christina zu Löwenstein- Wertheim-Rosenberg) and his wife, née Marie Therese Freiin von Gudenus, had their fourth child, Sophie, in Vienna on 31 January.
		Archduke Sigismund of Austria, head of the Grand Ducal House of Tuscany (son of Archduke Leopold Franz of Austria and of his first wife, née Laetitia de Belzunce-d'Arenberg) and his wife, née ElyssaEdmonstone, had their second child, Tatyana Maria Theresia Laetitia Juliet, at Livingston, Scotland, on 3 March.
		Archduke Nicolaus of Austria (b.1973, son of Archduke Joseph of Austria and of his wife, née Princess Maria zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg) and his wife, née Eugenia de Calonje Gurrea, had their first child, Nicolas, at the Portland Hospital, London, on 2 May.
	pages.prodigy.net /ptheroff/2003_1.html (4184 words)

	Amazon.com: "Archduke Albrecht": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Benedek would later claim that Archduke Albrecht, the leading dynastic figure in the army, forced him to accept the post and sacrifice his career to allow the...
		Archduke Albrecht - himself only twenty-eight - wrote to Francis Joseph's father praising his cousin's `natural friendliness' and tact, his ability to...
		The Archduke Albrecht, Karl's son, was also a gifted soldier, though not gifted enough to force himself by sheer merit into the supreme...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Archduke-Albrecht (561 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Encyclopedia wAARspite : The Habsburg Dynasty and Austria
		1481 Partition of Burgundy (Zeeland, Brabant, Luxemburg, Alsace to Austria)
		Archduke Ladislas mother rescinded the claim of Emperor and her regent signed a treaty with the Papacy promising no further advances on Italian city-states so long as they made no further advances on Austria.
		Albrecht Zangle was instrumental in developing the newer Army, allying with Hungary during the turbulent years against Italia and also in various diplomatic and domestic moves.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=122926 (5033 words)

	NEW TRAVEL AGE - Directory - Guide in Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Southeast from the center of Innsbruck in the midst of a large park is situated the famous Castle Ambras in Renaissance style.
		The Tirolean Sovereign, Archduke Ferdinand II (1529 - 1595), gave instructions to finish it as both his residential castle and a museum.
		On the ground floor is situated the collection of late mediaeval images (sculptures, paintings etc.), of which the most important and the showpiece is the Georgsaltar of Emperor Maximilian I (1459-1519).
	www.newtravelage.com /info/europe/austria/history/innsbruck.htm (1304 words)

	My Family Tree
		Archduke Albrecht Of Austria-Teschen & Princess Hildegard Of Bavaria
		Archduke Friedrich Of Austria-Teschen & Princess Isabella Of Croy
		Archduke Ferdinand IV Of Austria-Toscana & Princess Anna Of Sachsen
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~joanne/family/f120.htm (992 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In 1596 Archduke Albrecht of Austria (1559—1621), a younger brother of Emperor Rudolf II, became regent of the Spanish Netherlands together with his wife, Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia (1566—1633), a daughter of King Philip II of Spain and a cousin of the archduke.
		In 1609 the regents were able to sign the Twelve Year Truce with the Protestant Republic in the North, which brought a desperately needed respite for the economy of the war-ravaged, impoverished and depleted Spanish Netherlands, formerly one of the richest parts of Europe.
		The painting was commissioned by the regent of the Spanish Netherlands, Isabella Clara Eugenia, in memory of her deceased husband Albrecht for the church of the Brotherhood of St Ildefonso in Brussels.
	www.rubensinwien.at /presse_E/rubens_khm_E.doc (1858 words)

	Battle of Nieuwpoort
		Dutch army of about 10,000 men, led by Prince Maurits of Nassau.
		Spanish army of 8700 men, led by Albrecht, archduke of Austria.
		The small city of Nieuwpoort (Newport) in Belgium, along the coast.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Battle_of_Nieuwpoort.html (222 words)

	Joseph, Archduke of Austria, Count Palatine of Hungary (1776-1847)
		Archduke Joseph of Austria, Count Palatine of Hungary, 1801-1945
		Friedrich, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Teschen (1856-1936)
		Albrecht, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Teschen (1897-)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/tables/ArchdukeJoseph.htm (577 words)

	Brief Descriptions of 18th Century German Universities
		After the treaty of Lunéville (1801) between France and Austria, the university was secularized: the theology and philosophy faculties continued in the form of a lyceum, the law faculty was abolished, and the medical faculty changed into a school of surgery.
		A popular school known for its medical faculty, and drawing heavily from southern Germany, Switzerland, and the Alsace, the university at Freiburg was founded by Archduke Albrecht of Austria (the name “Ludwig” was added in the 19th century in honor of its patron, Archduke Ludwig of Baden).
		Herzog Albrecht (1490-1568), the last Prussian Grand Master of the Deutschen Order (Teutonic Knights), founded a Partikularstudium in Königsberg in 1541 in answer to growing educational needs, and after three years it was chartered as a university, modeled closely after the university at Wittenberg by Melanchthon’s son-in-law Georg Sabinus (the school’s first rector).
	www.manchester.edu /kant/Universities/univBriefHistories.htm (5201 words)

	Austria
		Albrecht wanted to be made the Regent Horthy’s successor and when that did not work he became a supporter of the Right wing parties.
		Albrecht died from an operation to remove an ulcer in 1955.
		I think Albrecht was the only Nazi supporter in the Habsburg family and it is interesting that his third wife was step daughter of a man who was of Jewish origin.
	pages.prodigy.net /ptheroff/gotha/austria.html (9204 words)

	Freiburg im Breisgau
		The 150-year rule of the Counts of Freiburg was mainly characterized by wars with other rulers and disputes with the town’s inhabitants, which is why, in 1368, the wealthy citizens bought their independence from Count Eugino III for the outrageous sum of 15,000 silver marks and submitted to the rule of the House of Habsburg.
		Archduke Albert founded the university in 1457, which was taken over by the Jesuits in 1620.
		The university was founded by Archduke Albrecht IV of Austria in 1457, the second university on Habsburg territory after Vienna.
	members.verizon.net /~vze2rdt7/FB/Freiburg.html (7920 words)

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