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	Archduke Charles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations, and the defeats sustained on the Danube neutralized the success obtained by the archduke over Massena in the desperately fought Battle of Caldiero.
		Archduke Charles married, in 1815, Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg (1797–1829).
		Nonetheless Charles is a member of a pantheon of famous Napoleonic figures that includes the Emperor himself, Louis Nicolas Davout, Karl von Schwarzenberg, Alexander Suvorov, Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher and the aforementioned Sir Arthur Wellesley.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Archduke_Charles (1473 words)

	';'Archduke Charles' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		'Archduke Charles' is a magnificent old china rose with petals that change color as the blooms age.
		'Archduke Charles' was described by Thomas Rivers, a 19th Century rose authority, as being as "changeable as a chameleon." This statement was prompted by the fact that the petals change color as the blooms age.
		'Archduke Charles' was named for the father of the Emperor Franz Joseph, the longest serving ruler in European history.
	www.ph-rose-gardens.com /00207.htm (433 words)

	Encyclopedia: Archduke Charles of Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The epileptic younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, Archduke Charles of Austria (Erzherzog Karl) (September 5, 1771 - April 30, 1847) achieved respect both as a commander and as a reformer of Austria's army.
		In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army, in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations, and the defeats sustained on the Danube neutralized the success obtained by the archduke over Massna in the desperately fought Battle of Caldiero.
		He had four sons, the eldest of whom, the Archduke Albert became one of the most celebrated generals in Europe, and two daughters, the elder of whom became queen of Naples.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Archduke-Charles-of-Austria (1158 words)

	Archduke Charles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archduke Charles''' of Austria ('''Erzherzog Karl) (September 5,1771 - April 30, 1847) was the younger brother of Francis II, Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor Francis II/.
		In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations, and the defeats sustained on the River DanubeDanube neutralized the success obtained by the archduke over Massna in the desperately fought Battle of Caldiero.
		Image:Archduke_Charles_Statue.jpgthumb150pxRightStatue of Archduke Charles on the Heldenplatz in Vienna/
	www.infothis.com /find/Archduke_Charles (1379 words)

	ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA CHARLES - LoveToKnow Article on ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA CHARLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the end of the campaign the archduke gave up all his military offices, and spent the rest of his life in retirement, except a short time in 1815.
		He had four sons, the eldest of whom, the archduke Albert (q.v.) became one of the most celebrated generals in Europe, and two daughters, the elder of whom became queen of Naples.
		which the archduke preached so earnestly in his strategical works, he displayed in practice only when the situation seemed to demand it, though his education certainly prejudiced him in favor of the defensive at all costs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHARLES_ARCHDUKE_OF_AUSTRIA.htm (1209 words)

	ARCHDUKE CHARLES FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Erzherzog Karl von Ã—sterreich (en: Archduke Charles of Austria) (September_5,1771 – April_30, 1847) was a son of Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1747 – 1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745 – 1792).
		In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations, and the defeats sustained on the Danube neutralized the success obtained by the archduke over Massena in the desperately fought Battle_of_Caldiero.
		Nonetheless Charles is a member of a pantheon of famous Napoleonic figures that includes the Emperor himself, Louis_Nicolas_Davout, Karl von Schwarzenberg, Alexander_Suvorov, Gebhard_Leberecht_von_BlÃ¼cher and the aforementioned Sir Arthur Wellesley.
	www.witwib.com /Archduke_Charles (1384 words)

	The Habsburgs
		Charles abdicated as emperor of Austria on Nov. 11 and as king of Hungary on Nov. 13; early in 1919 he and his family went into exile in Switzerland.
		Charles and his family were exiled to Madeira by a special law and all their property was confiscated.
		Otto von Habsburg, Austrian archduke and former pretender to the Austro-Hungarian throne, son of emperor Charles I and Empress Zita.
	szilvia74.tripod.com /hungary/html/habsburgs.htm (1376 words)

	Archduke Charles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the short and disastrous war of the archduke Charles commanded what was intended be the main army in Italy but made Germany the decisive theatre of operations the defeats sustained on the Danube neutralized the success obtained by the over Massna in the desperately fought battle Caldiero.
		The caution which the archduke preached so in his strategical works he displayed in only when the situation seemed to demand though his education certainly prejudiced him in of the defensive at all costs.
		The of the archduke's work is able to but a feeble defence against Clausewitz 's reproach that Charles attached more value ground than to the annihilation of the In his tactical writings the same spirit conspicuous.
	www.freeglossary.com /Archduke_Charles (1303 words)

	Encyclopedia: Archduke Charles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The title of Archduke (in German Erzherzog) was invented in the Privilegium Maius, a forgery initiated by Duke Rudolf IV of Austria.
		The Battle of Aspern-Essling (May 22, 1809), was fought between the French and their allies under Napoleon and the Austrians commanded by the archduke Charles.
		Archduke Albert of Austria (born August 3, 1817 in Vienna; died February 2, 1895, Arco (Austrian Habsburg general.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Archduke-Charles (3238 words)

	Archduke Charles - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The epileptic younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, Archduke Charles of Austria (Erzherzog Karl) (September 5,1771 - April 30, 1847) achieved respect both as a commander and as a reformer of Austria's army.
		In the campaign of 1799 he was once more opposed to Jourdan, whom he defeated in the battles of Osterach and Stokach, following up his success by invading Switzerland and defeating Masséna in the (first) battle of Zürich, after which he re-entered Germany and drove the French once more over the Rhine.
		The result of the battle of Hohenlinden had, however, foredoomed the attempt, and the archduke had to make the armistice of Steyer.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Archduke_Charles (1137 words)

	Austrian Generals, Officers and Privates During the Napoleonic Wars. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles began his career as commander fighting the armies of France and won at Jemappes (1792) and Neerwinden (1793), and lost at Wattignies (1793) and Fleurus (1794).
		Archduke Charles was a good organizer and tactician although attached more importance to possession of ground than destruction of enemy's army.
		Charles won against the French army commanded by general Joudan at the Battle of Osterach (March 1799) and at Battle of Stockach (March 1799).
	web2.airmail.net /napoleon/Austrian_generals.htm (2491 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archduke Charles had ordered a rest day on the 2nd for his two divisions around Ober Schwarzach, 25 kms east of the Main.
		Charles was also critical of his own moves: "Because of the rest-day at (Ober)Schwarzach on the 2nd, the Archduke remained too distant from Sztaray and thereby exposed a contingent, which constituted half of his army.
		Charles wrote his account of the campaign supporting a discussion of military strategy in 1813, and it was translated into many languages over the following decade.
	reality.sgi.com /suchyta/napoleonic/san20wz.txt (3910 words)

	Charles article - Charles first name Charles Darwin Charles Babbage Germanic churl Swedish - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles is a very common male first name.
		Charles I of France (Charles II, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Bald)
		Charles II of France (Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Fat)
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Charles (222 words)

	War of Spanish Succession Erupts in Europe
		Encouraged by Louis XIV, King Charles II of Spain, as he was dying without children, designated Louis' grandson Duke Philip of Anjou as his heir and successor to the throne of Spain.
		Archduke Charles was a cousin of the deceased King Charles II and a brother of the powerful Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, King Joseph I of Austria.
		The tide of war was moving inexorably against the French and their allies when a sudden expected event caused a suspension of hostilities: Emperor Joseph I died and Archduke Charles of Austria succeeded to his throne.
	www.boglewood.com /sicily/succession.html (416 words)

	John Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Habsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was known as something of a liberal within the imperial family, and together with Archduke Charles exerted a moderating influence on affairs of state.
		Archduke John considered this defeat "the fatal day for the young Austrian Empire" (proclaimed only in 1804), because it meant the failure of the main attempt to rally European and especially German resistance to Napoleon under Austrian leadership.
		Thus, Archduke John as the emperor's representative became more or less politically irrelevant even before Ferdinand abdicated in favor of Francis Joseph in December 1848, despite a variety of well-intentioned attempts he made to mediate between the Habsburgs and the Viennese, the Italians, and the Hungarians.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/johnarc.htm (682 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles, archduke of Austria (Austria And Hungary, History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles, archduke of Austria, Austria And Hungary, History, Biographies
		Charles 1771–1847, archduke of Austria; brother of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II.
		After the disastrous campaign of 1805, Charles was appointed minister of war and chief commander of the Austrian forces.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CharlesArc.html (246 words)

	Charles, Archduke -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The title of archduke Palatine (Pfalz-Erzherzog) was first assumed by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, on the strength of a forged privilege, in the hope of gaining for the dukes of Austria an equal status with the electors of the Holy Roman Empire.
		As pretender to the throne of Spain (as Charles III), he attempted unsuccessfully to reestablish the global empire of his 16th-century ancestor Charles V. He was the author of the Pragmatic Sanction, intended to enable his daughter Maria Theresa to succeed him after the extinction...
		The close of the conflict left Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, ruler of united Spain and Germany and of Sardinia, Sicily and Naples, Milan, the Netherlands, the county of...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9022585 (815 words)

	The Wargamer - PC Game Review: Napoleonic Battles 3: Campaign Wagram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By May of 1809, Archduke Charles' massive Austrian army had been defeated but not destroyed by the French in a series of actions centered on the Bavarian town of Eckmühl.
		Charles, he predicted, would be retreating towards Bohemia along with his large contingent of landwehr conscripts who he thought were thoroughly demoralized.
		Charles attempted to address the organizational issues that deprived him of a decisive victory, and eagerly awaited the arrival of his brother, the Archduke John who had been fighting against Eugene in Italy.
	www.wargamer.com /reviews/wagram (691 words)

	Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Franz Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Joseph of Austria-Este (sometimes called Francis Ferdinand in English) (December 18, 1863 – June 28, 1914) was born in Graz, Austria and was a Habsburg Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
		In fact, the Archduke was one of the leading advocates of maintaining the peace within the Austro-Hungarian government during both the Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909 and the Balkan Wars Crises of 1912-1913.
		No evidence has been found to support suggestions that his low-security visit to Sarajevo was arranged by elements within Austro-Hungarian official circles with the intention of exposing him to the risk of assassination so as to remove a potentially troublesome royal personage from the scene.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Franz_Ferdinand,_Archduke_of_Austria (426 words)

	The Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Emperor Charles was succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor by the Elector Charles of Bavaria but, with the latter's death in 1745, Francis was elected Emperor.
		The Emperor Charles made seven awards of the Order between his departure into exile and his death in 1922 but the Order was not awarded again until the Emperor's son and heir, the Archduke Otto, attained his majority in 1930.
		The Archduke Otto is a member of the European Parliament for a Bavarian constituency and is leader of the Pan-European Movement.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/habsburg/austria/ausgdfl.htm (1460 words)

	Home\|Collections\|Collections of Ambras Castle\|The Upper Castle\|Archduke Charles Joseph
		The full-length portrait depicts the four-to-five-year-old archduke with a squirrel.
		Destined for an ecclesiastical career, he succeeded Archduke Leopold William as bishop of Passau at the age of 13.
		Shortly before his death, the latter had also passed to Charles Joseph the title of Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and made him heir to all his possessions, with the exception of his art collection.
	www.khm.at /staticE/page1743.html (214 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History: Charles, Louis (1771-1847)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archduke of Austria Archduke of Austria and Duke of Teschen, son of the Holy Roman emperor Leopold II, and a distinguished general of the Napoleonic period.
		In 1796 he drove the advancing French back across the Rhine, commanded the armies in Italy in 1805, and was commander in chief of the Austrian army at Aspern and Wagram in 1809, when Austria was defeated by Napoleon's forces.
		Archduke Charles defeated the French marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan four times; at Amberg and Wrzburg in 1796 and at...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28758233&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (179 words)

	Louis XIV's Wars (3)
		The death of Charles II of Spain had long been anticipated in view of his poor health.
		Charles had no children and all Europe was concerned as to who would succeed him.
		Charles succeeded his brother as Emperor, and Britain and the United Provinces did not want Spain and the Hapsburg territories combined any more than they wanted France and Spain amalgamated.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-143.htm (1231 words)

	Napoleons Great Adversary: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army, 1792-1814 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles, brother of the Austrian emperor, saw his first combat in 1792 and rapidly rose to become the driving force behind the reform movement in the often-defeated Austrian army.
		Given the dearth of works on this subject and the research effort made by the author, this is a shame.lt;pgt; The author gives an excellent description of the condition, equipment, tactics and doctrine of the Austrian army at the outset of the Napoleonic Wars.
		It was during this period that Charles, despite the suspicion and hostility of his brothers court, made his greatest contributions as War Minister and field commander.
	www.science9.com /Napoleons_Great_Adversary_Archduke_Charles_and_the_Austrian_Army_17921814_1885119216.html (945 words)

	21ST GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles Louis of HAPSBURG-LORRAINE Archduke of Austria was born in 1833 in Lorraine - son of Francis.
		Maria Annunziata of BOURBON-NAPLES died in 1871 in Austria - wife of Archduke Charles Louis.
		Ferdinand of AUSTRIA was born in 1868 in Austria - son of Archduke Charles Louis.
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7221.htm (155 words)

	Archduke Charles : Austrian : General : Napoleonic Wars : Austria : Army
		The epileptic younger brother of Francis I, Archduke Charles was respected as both a commander, and reformer, of Austria's fragile army.
		Serving with distinction against the whirlwind of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796, Charles then beat lesser opponents such as General Jourdan and General Massena.
		Charles was one of Bonaparte's most talented opponents and yet stood only five feet tall.
	www.napoleonguide.com /leaders_archchas.htm (129 words)

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