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Topic: Archduke John

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	Graz - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Joanneum Museum, founded in 1811 by the archduke John Baptist, has become very rich in many departments, and an additional huge building in the rococo style was erected in 1895 for its accommodation.
		But the archduke Charles burned 20,000 Protestant books in the square of the present lunatic asylum, and succeeded by his oppressive measures in bringing the city again under the authority of Rome.
		From the earlier part of the i 5th century Graz was the residence of one branch of the family of Habsburg, a branch which succeeded to the imperial throne in 1619 in the person of Ferdinand II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Graz (1390 words)

	John Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Habsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Archduke John considered this defeat "the fatal day for the young Austrian Empire" (proclaimed only in 1804), because it meant the failure of the main attempt to rally European and especially German resistance to Napoleon under Austrian leadership.
		Following the Wagram calamity, Archduke John retired to Styria, where in 1823 he enhanced his liberal credentials through a morganatic marriage to the daughter of a Styrian postmaster.
		Thus, Archduke John as the emperor's representative became more or less politically irrelevant even before Ferdinand abdicated in favor of Francis Joseph in December 1848, despite a variety of well-intentioned attempts he made to mediate between the Habsburgs and the Viennese, the Italians, and the Hungarians.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/johnarc.htm (682 words)

	Macdonald And Prince Eugene, The Battle Of The Piave, 1809
		The Army of Inner Austria destined for Italy was under the command of the Archduke John, the younger brother of Charles and the Emperor Francis.
		Archduke John had received a courier from Charles on April 29 informing him of the defeat of the main Austrian army in Bavaria.
		John's defense at Priula was broken, and the young commander-in-chief prayed he could contain the French foothold on the right bank until evening came affording his battered corps the opportunity to slip away beyond Conegliano.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/biographies/c_piave.html (6871 words)

	Archduke John : Generals : Napoleonic Wars : Austria : Napoleon Bonaparte :
		The younger brother of Francis I and the Archduke Charles, Archduke John was an inexperienced and average soldier who owed his command to his royal connections.
		During the Danube Campaign in 1809, John managed a victory over Eugene Beauharnais at Sacile, but lost the rematch at Raab.
		After Wagram, his brother Charles blamed his late arrival at the battle for the Austrian defeat and worsened relations between the pair.
	www.napoleonguide.com /leaders_archjohn.htm (107 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Army - Feldmarschall Archduke Albrecht
		Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf was born on the 3rd of August 1817 as the son of the famous Austrian field marshal and victor at the battle of Aspern, Archduke Carl and Princess Henritte of Nassau-Weilburg.
		With the outbreak of the war against Prussia and Italy in 1866, Feldmarschall Archduke Albrecht assumed command of the monarchy's "South Army" facing the Italians on the 9th of May whilst the former chief of staff and commander in northern Italy, Feldzeugmeister Ludwig Ritter von Benedek was appointed to command the "North Army" in Bohemia.
		Archduke Albrecht's relatively small force of some 70,000 men and 168 guns was concentrated in the area of the "Quadrilateral" forts on the left bank of the middle Etsch river and consisted of three under strength corps each of just three brigades.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /biog/erzalbrecht.html (1032 words)

	Andreas Hofer - LoveToKnow 1911
		This victory, which resulted in the temporary reoccupation of Innsbruck by the Austrians, made Hofer the most conspicuous of the insurgent leaders.
		The rapid advance of Napoleon, indeed, and the defeat of the main Austrian army under the archduke Charles, once more exposed Tirol to the French and Bavarians, who reoccupied Innsbruck.
		The withdrawal of the bulk of the troops, however, gave the Tirolese their chance again; after two battles fought on the Iselberg (May 25 and 29) the Bavarians were again forced to evacuate the country, and Hofer entered Innsbruck in triumph.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Andreas_Hofer (829 words)

	Napoleon
		With the Archduke Charles, president of the Austrian war ministry (the Council of War), the Archduke John, Hormayr, Gentz formed the war party, resolutely hostile to Bonaparte, to the Revolution, to its conquests and its ideology.
		Indeed, the archduke John's actions were set against those of his elder brother, John attempting to create a sense of Austrian nationalism, whilst Francis merely demanded of his people that they be loyal to his person and the house of Austria.
		The archduke with his corps of 12,000 men was however to arrive too late at Wagram, although it is very unlikely that he could have changed the course of events.
	www.napoleon.org /en/reading_room/biographies/files/Erzherzog.asp (1024 words)

	John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In references to Biblical texts, "John" refers to the Gospel of John, and "1 John", "2 John", and "3 John" to the Epistles of John
		John II, bishop of Zaragoza (Spain) in 619-631.
		John, the name of the 1987 album of french singer Desireless.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John (225 words)

	HOASM: John Bull
		John Bull, the possessor of the most British-sounding name of all our composers (though he was not the prototype of the legendary figure), was born about 1562.
		At the end of 1582 or the beginning of 1583 Bull was appointed Master of the Children and, with John Hedges, organist at Hereford, succeeding the organist Thomas Mason.
		Sweelinck, for example, owed a considerable debt to John Bull and it must not be forgotten that it was Sweelinck's pupils who laid the foundations of what was to culminate in the unrivalled keyboard writing of J. Bach.
	www.hoasm.org /IVM/Bull.html (1003 words)

	Leaders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Archduke John was the youngest son of Emperor Leopold II of the Holy Roman Empire.
		John was able to force battle with Prince Eugène de Beauharnais at Sacile; Eugène had been handicapped by Napoleon's insistance that he not concentrate his forces too early, thereby giving the Austrians a casus belli.
		John had a strong position, on a hilltop with a river flowing in front; for a time, his forces gave a good account of themselves.
	wargame.ch /wc/nwc/newsletter/September2001/Newsletter15/Leaders.html (1282 words)

	The Motorcades
		Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, whose murders on June 28, 1914, sparked World War I. Their murderer, Gavrillio Princep, was a Serb freemason and nationalist in the Black Hand.
		Archduke Ferdinand, whose assassination in a Sarajevo motorcade started World War I, was Catholic.
		Similarly, Catholic President John F. Kennedy's assassination in a Dallas motorcade was intended to seat Scottish Rite mason Lyndon Baines Johnson, and thereby launch World War III in keeping with Albert Pike and Guiseppe Mazzini's plan for Three World Wars ; the climax of a New World Order.
	itwasjohnson.impiousdigest.com /zero12a.htm (1918 words)

	john - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		John the Evangelist (?-ad 101), in the New Testament, one of the 12 apostles, son of Zebedee and younger brother of Saint James the Great.
		John (archduke of Austria) (1782-1859), archduke of Austria, nominal leader of Austrian armies during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) and regent of...
		John, Gospel According to, fourth book of the New Testament.
	encarta.msn.com /john.html (187 words)

	HOUSE - Online Information article about HOUSE
		archduke Ferdinand (1754–1806), brother of the emperor Leopold II.
		Charles's family was in 1909 represented by his grandsons, the sons of the archduke Charles Ferdinand (1818–1874).
		branch of the family was in 1909 represented by the emperor Francis Joseph, whose father was the archduke Francis Charles (1802–1878), and whose grandfather was the emperor Francis II.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HOR_I25/HOUSE.html (2102 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At last, Archduke Charles, the best Austrian general, is at the head of 200 000 men and projects a powerful offensive on Bavaria, a principal ally of the French.
		The army of Archduke Charles henceforth was organized in six corps d’armée, on the French model, and two reserve corps.
		What is more, Archduke Charles being subject to crises of epilepsy, a rule simulates the possibility that he cannot give the least order for a half-day This difference in the potential of command of the two generals in leadership drives the two players to adopt radically opposed approaches.
	grognard.com /reviews1/sevenvv.txt (2622 words)

	Welcome to Residenzgalerie Salzburg :: www.residenzgalerie.at ::
		Sponsored by Prince Metternich, the State Chancellor, and Archduke John, he was first successful as a landscape painter in 1817/18, when he took part in the legendary expedition to Brazil, on which he executed over 700 drawings and watercolours.
		In 1829, Ender was admitted to Archduke John's group of "Kammermaler" (select circle of painters) and commissioned to produce documentary sketches of the Alps.
		It was Archduke John's objective to have a pictorial record made of "the entire country of Austria" with the emphasis on geology, mining, botany, and folklore.
	www.residenzgalerie.at /en/WE419_2.htm (428 words)

	Andreas Hofer
		When the Tyrol was handed over to Bavaria at the Peace of Presburg, the "Sandwirth" was among the delegates who escorted the departing Archduke John.
		Francis II bestowed on him a golden medal, but this proved fatal to Hofer, who was thereby strengthened in his delusion that the emperor would never abandon his faithful Tyrolese.
		Thus it happened that he even disregarded a letter from the Archduke John, as though it were a Bavarian or French proclamation, and on 1 November lost the third battle of Berg Isel against a superior force of the enemy.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/hofer,andreas.html (901 words)

	Archduke Ferdinand Biography (Political Figure) — Infoplease.com
		Whatever else he may have done in life, Archduke Franz Ferdinand is known now as the man whose assassination touched off World War I. The nephew of the Hapsburg emperor Franz Josef, Ferdinand was first in line to the Austro-Hungarian throne when he visited Sarajevo in June of 1914.
		He and his wife Sophie were shot to death as they rode through the city in a motorcade on 28 June; the assassin was Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian nationalist group known as the Black Hand.
		John Moses Browning - John Moses Browning gunsmith, inventor Born: 1/21/1855 Birthplace: Ogden, Utah Raised by Mormon...
	www.infoplease.com /biography/var/archdukeferdinand.html (246 words)

	Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor Summary
		Among them were: Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany; the Archduke Charles of Austria, a celebrated soldier; the Archduke John, also a soldier; the Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary; and the Archduke Rainer, Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia.
		Archduke Maximilian of Austria, born Dec 23, 1774, died Mar 10, 1778 (died at the age of 3)
		Archduke Johann of Austria, born 1782, died 1859, m: morganatically.
	www.bookrags.com /Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (2671 words)

	Istria on the Internet - History - Hapsburg Dynasty
		The grand-duke’s fourth son was the archduke John Nepomuck Salvator, who, after serving in the Austrian army, resigned all his rights and titles and under the name of Johann Orth took command of a sailing vessel.
		The archduke Joseph (1776—I 847), palatine of Hungary, was represented by a grandson, Joseph Augustus (b.
		In 1875 Francis (Franz) Ferdinand inherited the wealth of the Este family and took the title of archduke of Austria-Este; in 1900 be contracted a morganatic marriage with Sophia, countess of Chotek, renouncing for his sons the succession to the monarchy.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/genealogy/family/hapsburg/index.htm (5686 words)

	Battle of Raab
		V.0: Having fallen back into Hungary to unite with the Archduke Palatine of Hungary with his Insurrection troops, Archduke John was forced to adopt a defensive position outside the Raab fortress after Eugene and the Army of Italy quickly appeared in front of his position.
		Archduke John was now forced to form his line into a gigantic "L".
		This, and the threat of encirclement of his position by the French cavalry, forced John to begin a retreat.
	www.fortunecity.com /underworld/fifa/47/battle_of_raab.htm (350 words)

	Austria's links to the Habsburg Dynasty
		In the park of Hellbrunn Palace, a statue commemorates Empress Elisabeth, wife of Franz Joseph I; the palace belonged to the heir apparent and was used by Archdukes Rudolf and Franz Ferdinand.
		Archduke Charles founded the Jesuit College and commissioned the Clock Tower and the Bell Tower on Schlossberg Castle.
		Archduke John founded the Joanneum State Museum in 1811; the monument of this local favorite among the Habsburgs is in the Main Square
	www.luxurytraveler.com /habsburgs.html (1147 words)

	Avalanche Press
		Archduke John, brother of the emperor and of Archduke Charles, went straight to the top.
		Granted command again in 1809, he served as a figurehead for Frimont until the latter was wounded.
		Banished in disgrace, he spent the next four decades hunting in the Alps, emerging during the revolutions of 1848 as the "people's archduke" and nearly winning the crown in the process.
	www.avalanchepress.com /seleaders.php?mode=print (2237 words)

	Illustrations for John Berger's Ways of Seeing
		This is part of the work of the Markup Languages and Hypertext seminar at the University of Washington, Fall, 1998.
		85) is a 17th century catalog of the Archduke's collection; it looks like an array of thumbnail copies, and it is here made into an imagemap where many of the individual paintings link to full-screen reproductions.
		Several of Berger's points about the social function of Art in modern Britain are dilated upon and extended by Graham Harwood (of Mongrel) in his alternative website for the Tate Gallery.
	courses.washington.edu /englhtml/engl569/berger/bergersup.html (153 words)

	Winning His Spurs by G. A. Henty: Chapter XX. Under the Greenwood.
		As Cuthbert did not wish his coming home to be known to John until he had learnt something of the position of affairs, he despatched Cnut to the Tower to inquire privately of some of the officials about the place whether Sir Baldwin was there.
		Prince John, however, declared that he should not give any heed to the document; that King Richard's power over this realm had ceased before he made it; and that he should bestow the earldom upon whomsoever he chose.
		Prince John, I hear, flew into a fury at this; but he did not dare to provoke the anger of the whole of the clergy by ordering the convent to be violated.
	www.online-literature.com /ga-henty/winning-his-spurs/20 (3435 words)

	Josef Speckbacher
		In 1805 he fought under Lieutenant-Colonel Swinburne against Marshal Ney, but was obliged like the other patriots to accept the cession of the Tyrol to Bavaria in 1806.
		When in 1808 the Archduke John entered into negotiations with Andreas Hofer for regaining the Tyrol, Speckbacher soon became one of the most trusted friends of Hofer and courageously supported the latter in preparing for the struggle for liberty.
		With the entrance of the Austrian army into the Pustertal in the month of April, 1809, began the heroic struggle of the Tyrolese.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/speckbacher,josef.html (1190 words)

	A SERVICE OF DANGER (1873) BY Amelia B. Edwards
		The Archduke Charles, to whom I brought letters of recommendation, accorded me a gracious welcome, and presented me almost immediately upon my arrival with a commission in a cavalry corps commanded by a certain Colonel von Beust, than whom a more unpopular officer did not serve in the Imperial army.
		But the Archduke John, though a young man of ability and sound military training, wanted that boldness which comes of experience, and erred on the side of over-caution.
		On the 4th of December the Archduke called another council of war; and some hours before daybreak on the morning of the 5th, our whole right wing was despatched to the point at which we anticipated an attack.
	gaslight.mtroyal.ca /danger.htm (5573 words)

	Napoleonic Wars
		After a defeat at Zürich (June 4-7) by Charles Louis John, archduke of Austria, French forces under General André Masséna defeated a Russian army under General Alexander Korsakov on September 26.
		Moreau had also defeated the Austrians under Archduke John of Austria in the Battle of Hohenlinden in Bavaria on December 3, and had advanced to the city of Linz, Austria.
		Through military action against Sweden on the part of Russia and Denmark, Gustav IV Adolph of Sweden was forced to abdicate in favor of his uncle, Charles XIII, on the condition that the latter name as his heir General Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, one of Napoleon's marshals.
	www.uhigh.ilstu.edu /soc/nuh/nuh5.htm (2368 words)

	Volume 1, Chapter 9
		The Archduke Maximilian found himself at the head of from fifteen to sixteen thousand men of proved valour, and in addition to that a numerous body of well-armed citizens, who gave proof of the greatest devotion to their princes.
		The Archduke Charles thought from this that the whole of the French army had succeeded in crossing the bridges during the night and was advancing upon him, and for a moment he seems to have despaired of rallying his forces.
		The Archduke, therefore, who had been much surprised at our halt, was reassured at the very moment when he thought all was lost, and set to work to stop the retreat, reform his lines, and lead his troops once more to the charge.
	www.napoleonic-literature.com /Book_25/Chapter_9.htm (11324 words)

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