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Topic: Archeocyathids

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	Small shelly fauna - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The small shelly fauna is the name given to an obscure collection of small hard-shelled fossils found worldwide in beds a bit older than the earliest trilobites and archeocyathids from the Nekamit-Daldynian and Tommotian stages (Lower Cambrian).
		The forms included diminutive specimens of known animals such as archeocyathids and brachiopods plus many small shell-like forms a millimeter or two in size.
		It was later recognized that the latter were fragments of body armor of a few types of animals, not complete shells of a multitude of unknown creatures.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Small_Shelly_fauna (186 words)

	The Archean Zone: Subducting Over Time: Archeocyathid blogging
		Archeocyathids are an extinct group of invertebrates that lived in the Cambrian.
		Archeocyathids are made up of a calcium carbonate skeleton structure and usually are conical in shape.
		Archeocyathids can be confused with rugose corals, due to their similarities.
	wolverinetom.blogspot.com /2005/04/archeocyathid-blogging.html (286 words)

	Fossilized Plants
		An individual archeocyathid had a conical or vase-shaped skeleton of porous calcite similar to that of a sponge (or an ice cream cone).
		Massive colonies of archeocyathids were major reef-builders in ancient Cambrian seas approximately 550 million years ago.
		Archaeocythids in Poleta limestone of the White Mountains (Inyo County, California).
	waynesword.palomar.edu /fossil.htm (1366 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The blossoming of eukaryotes such as acritarchs did not preclude the expansion of cyanobacteria; in fact, stromatolites reached their greatest abundance and diversity during the Proterozoic, peaking roughly 1.2 billion years ago.
		Classically, the boundary between the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic eons was set at the base of the Cambrian period when the first fossils of animals known as trilobites and archeocyathids appeared.
		In the second half of the 20th century, a number of fossil forms have been found in Proterozoic rocks, but the upper boundary of the Proterozoic has remained fixed at the base of the Cambrian, which is currently placed at 542 Ma.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Proterozoic (565 words)

	Archeocyathids From The Gold Point Fossil Site
		Archeocyathids in a chunk of brownish limestone from the Lower Cambrian Harkless Formation, Gold Point fossil area, Esmeralda County, Nevada.
		The archeocyathids are the pale-brown, slender, elongated specimens embedded on the darker-colored matrix.; the fl "blob" at lower right corner is a recent lichen.
		Ever since they were first described, archeocyathids have been assigned by paleontologists to many different animal groups, primarily the corals and Pleosponges; many researchers even referred to them to a distinct, separate Phylum, Archeocyatha.
	members.aol.com /Waucoba7/gp/gparcheocyathids1.html (123 words)

	Freeman-Lynde GLY116 Paleozoic Life Questions
		Archeocyathids B. Inarticulate brachiopods C. both A. and B.
		All archeocyathids and many families of trilobites became extinct at the end of the Cambrian.
		All archeocyathids, many classes of early echinoderms and many families of trilobites became extinct at the end of the Ordovician.
	rfreeman.myweb.uga.edu /Paleozoic_life_questions.html (3086 words)

	life-3-c-sponges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Metaldetes Metaldetes is a widely distributed example of the group of marine animals known as archeocyathids.
		Although sponges and archeocyathids are unrelated, the latter have a similar calcareous (but non-spicular) skeleton.
		Remark -- Most archeocyathids are found cilicified in hard limestones, and are known from the Early Cambrian of Soth Australia, Siberia, Sardinia, and Antarctica.
	www.yuzonakano-secretmemory.com /life3.d.html (114 words)

	Palaeozoic
		The Palaeozoic covers the time from the first appearance of abundant hard-shelled fossils to the period when the continents were first dominated by large, relatively sophisticated reptiles and relatively modern plant types.
		The lower (oldest) boundary was classically set at the first appearance of creatures known as trilobites and archeocyathids[?].
		The upper (youngest) boundary is set at a major extinction event 300 million years later.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Paleozoic.html (390 words)

	Cambrian HSU NHM
		Archeocyathids: These unusual organisms have very distinctive skeletons.
		Archeocyathids are good indicators of Lower and Middle Cambrian rocks.
		Trace fossils of burrows mark the existence of digging organisms.
	www.humboldt.edu /~natmus/lifeThroughTime/Cambrian.web/index.html (705 words)

	Timerock Fossils, Minerals & Crystals - Australia - Cambrian
		Another main invertebrate life form was the brachiopod, which was an animal whose soft part was covered by a double shell, also called a valve.
		These have relatives living today, unlike the archeocyathids, which lived in a cone shaped walls, and which evolved and became extinct within the Cambrian time.
		Fossils of archeocyathids are found in the Flinders Ranges in South Australia.
	www.portobello.com.au /timerock/library/fossils/australia_cambrian.htm (364 words)

	crosier lawsuit
		The Dacrydium Ventaille soley themselves as Social Realists, and is a genuine Exchanged Hand Yamana foxboro with no 500-word thumbdrive to it.
		In Brazil, hdls of the mano retalliation active to become carried as i-690 toxoplasmosis archeocyathids.
		The station broadcasts an december-5 rock allodail crashlanded as Uijongbu 105.
	www.alaskatruckingassoc.com /crosier-lawsuit.php (1574 words)

	LABRADOR
		These are the remains of now-extinct, primitive organisms called archeocyathids, which once formed reefs similar to modern coral reefs.
		Near the lighthouse, in the orange-weathering limestone, there is a large mound that formed as a reef in the Cambrian sea.
		Within the reef are layers and irregular masses of archeocyathids, which include pieces shaped like sticks, cups and plates.
	www.wordplay.com /geology/labrador.html (3641 words)

	Geology111-Lecture 37
		A calcite precipitating organism can live in an aragonite sea, and an aragonite precipitating organism can live in a calcite sea, but during times of environmental stress, or faunal extinctions, the organisms that have to expend the least amount of energy secreting there shells, are most likely to survive.
		During the Precambrian and Cambrian aragonite seas, stromatolites and archeocyathids were abundant organisms, the Paleozoic was dominated by calcite precipitating stromatoporoids, tabulate corals, rugosa corals, receptaculites algae, crinoids, and brachiopods.
		The late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic aragonite seas were dominated by aragonitic scleractinian corals, and mollusks, and aragonite and high-Mg precipitating algae.
	www.geol.binghamton.edu /faculty/naslund/Geol.111.lect37c.html (732 words)

	Wikinfo \| Phanerozoic
		But several hundred taxa of Precambrian metazoa have been identified since systematic study of those forms started in the 1950s.
		Most geologists and paleontologists would probably set the PreCambrian-Phanerozoic boundary either at the classic point where the first trilobites and archeocyathids appear; at the first appearance of a complex feeding burrow called Phycodes pedum; or at the first appearance of a group of small, generally disarticulated, armored forms termed 'the small, shelly fauna'.
		The three different dividing points are within a few million years of each other.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Phanerozoic (360 words)

	Early Cambrian Fossils In Western Nevada
		This is certainly acceptable behavior, an individual choice, of course, but additional trilobite-yielding horizons can be discovered all along the axis of Gold Point region, within the more rugged topography.
		Also, a wider variety of fossil remains can be sampled, including: archeocyathids (restricted to thin carbonate horizons interbedded with the shales);
		Although none of the non-trilobite specimens is overly abundant here (except for the salterella, which is locally quite prolific), their presence in a least moderate numbers this low in the Lower Cambrian Harkless Formation makes the moderate hiking required to find them a most memorable and rewarding field experience.
	members.aol.com /Waucoba7/gp/goldpoint.html (1504 words)

	"Early Cambria -- Information of Lower Cambrian and Older Faunas - v0.01"
		A Tommotian archeocyathid from the Aldana River near Yakutia, Siberia.
		An area where Vendian and Lower Cambrian fossils have been found Archeocyathids are reported from the Hansen Member of the Fairweather Formation in the Shackelton Glacier area.
		The relationship of Archeocyathids to other animals is a matter of considerable contention.
	bio.cc /Scientists/Dan_Bolser/EARLYCAM.HTM (13366 words)

	Cryptozoology.com
		This extinction is not clearly understood as of yet.
		The next was at the end of the Cambrain Period (510 million years ago) and was again caused by an ice-age, wiping out 75% of life, including trilobites, brachiopods and archeocyathids.
		The Ordovician Extinction (450 million years ago), caused by the glaciation of the continent of Gondwana decimated over 100 marine and reef-building fauna.
	www.cryptozoology.com /forum/topic_view_thread.php?tid=17&pid=302267 (570 words)

	Sponges and Corals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Identify a fossil as a sponge, archeocyathid, rugose, tabulate or scleractinian coral.
		Why are archeocyathids though to be closely related to sponges?
		Specimen #839 is a mass of gregarious rugose corals which have grown up next to each other.
	www.asn.csus.edu /geol/deptwebpage/kusnick/Geology105/sponcor.html (545 words)

	Saline Valley Formation
		This Formation may correlate with the lower part of the Carrara Formation and the Zabriskie Quartzite, slightly older than beds yielding Bristolia species.
		These trilobites can be found at the Gold Point fossil site, as well as abundant Salterella, archeocyathids, brachiopods, algal remains (Girvanella), and many varieties of annelid and arthropod tracks and trails.
		This Formation occurs within the Bonnia-Olenellus Zone and is bounded by the Harkless Formation (below) and the Mule Spring Limestone (above).
	www.westernta.com /Formations/SalineValley.htm (192 words)

	Small shelly fauna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similar fossils were later found in corresponding beds in many other parts of the world.
		The forms included diminutive specimens of known animals such as archeocyathids and brachiopods plus many small shell-like forms a millimeter or two in size.
		It was later recognized that the latter were fragments of body armor of a few types of animals, not complete shells of a multitude of unknown creatures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Small_shelly_fauna (417 words)

	Notes on Sponges
		Irregulares - irregularities in pore structure and internal tabulae, etc.
		The sclerosponges, stromatoporoids, heavily calcified sponges, and chaetetids are mostly in the demosponges, but some are in the calcarea or archeocyathids.
		There are a few general terms/concepts that will help you follow Clarkson's discussion regarding classification.
	www.uwm.edu /People/mtharris/Paleo/RN8.html (643 words)

	Chapter 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Fill out Critter Charts for sponges, archeocyathids and corals.
		Be able to describe how sponges move water through their bodies to sieve food.
		Know which corals have been important reef-builders during which geologic periods (see Fig.
	www.asn.csus.edu /geol/Deptwebpage/kusnick/Geology105/Ch12.html (96 words)

	VII. Archean Life
		Grazers - monoplacaphorans - grazed on hard substrates eating algae
		Filter feeders - pumped water through filtering out the particles - Sponges and archeocyathids.
		Reefs - Formed during the Tommotian by archeocyathids
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~jdwright/Chap.13.html (406 words)

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