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Topic: Archi language

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		Administratively, all the Archi villages belonged to the Archi village soviet, Charodin district, Dagestan ASSR.
		The Archi family was strictly endogamous, and marriage between cousins was widespread.
		To keep alive their language -- which is the main feature distinguishing the Archi from all other peoples -- the Archi need to develop a conscious, or even subconscious, resistance of the kind felt among Archi schoolchildren in the 1960s.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/archis.shtml (1694 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (Ar) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Archi is a language spoken in Dagestan, Russia.
		Arta is a language spoken in the Philippines.
		Aruma is a language spoken in Guyana and Brazil.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WAH.HTM (481 words)

	Grammatical gender - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		For example, in the Caucasian language Archi the noun lo ("child") can take Masculine gender when it refers to a young boy, Feminine gender to denote a girl, and Neuter gender (normally used for inanimates), when the sex of child is unknown or irrelevant (Corbett 1994).
		In many other languages, however, masculine and feminine are subsumed in the category of person, either generally, or only in the plural, as in the North Caucasian languages and some Dravidian languages.
		In Indo-European languages that assign genders to all nouns, the genders often correspond roughly to declensions that govern the way the nouns are inflected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gender_(grammar) (2437 words)

	HRELP - Projects
		This language is spoken in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, and belongs to the Mixean branch of the...
		Documentation of the Vurës Language, Vanua Lava, Vanuatu
		Shangaji is an endangered language and hitherto undocumented.
	www.hrelp.org /grants/projects (2291 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		Along with the consonants that occur in all the Caucasian languages, the Abkhazo-Adyghian languages are characterized by different sets of labialized consonants (formed by rounding the lips), strong (hard or tense) consonants, half-hushing consonants, and velarized consonants (formed with the back of the tongue approaching the soft palate).
		The consonant systems of the Nakh languages are relatively simple, coinciding, on the whole, with those of the South Caucasian languages (apart from a number of pharyngeal consonants characteristic of all the Nakh languages and a lateral sound peculiar to Bats).
		All the Caucasian languages have a series of stops of three types--voiced, voiceless aspirated, and glottalized (i.e., pronounced, respectively, with vibrating vocal cords; with vocal cords not vibrating but with an accompanying audible puff of breath; and with accompanying closure of the glottis [space between the vocal cords]).
	kafkas.org.tr /english/kultur/diledebiyat.html (2513 words)

	Lezgi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lezgi language, also called Lezgian, is a language spoken by the Lezgins who live in southern Dagestan (A republic of Russia) and northern Azerbaijan.
		Lezgi belongs to the Lezgian group of the Dagestan or Northeast Caucasian language family.
		Lezgi is unusual for a Northeast Caucasian language in not having noun classes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lezgi_language (200 words)

	Archi: Bibliographical guide
		So God gave one language to several peoples, but all peoples refused to accept the most difficult language, which finally passed into the possession of the smallest people of the world, and that was the Archi people.
		Most of Archis reside in the Charodi district of Daghestan in the settlement of Archi, or Arsha, which is in fact a conglomerate of eight settlements: Archi, Alchunib, Kalib, Kachalib, Keser, Kubatl, Khilil and Khittab.
		In: Declension of nouns in the Daghestanian languages.
	www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /Russia/bibl/Archi.html (613 words)

	HRELP - Projects
		Archi is remarkable both for linguistic reasons, and in terms of its cultural setting.
		The culture of the Archi is one of the most distinctive and best-preserved cultures of Daghestan.
		Archi was studied in the 1970s and a fine grammatical description was produced (written by Kibrik, Kodzasov, Samedov and collaborators), but there is very little available on lexical material.
	www.hrelp.org /grants/projects/index.php?lang=8 (197 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Archi, Alfonso, "Eine Anrufung der Sonnengöttin von Arinna," in Erich Neu and Christel Rüster, eds., Documentum Asiae Minoris Antiquae: Festschrift für Heinrich Otten zum 75.
		Archi, Alfonso, "Kamrusepa and the Sheep of the Sun-God," Orientalia 62/4 (1993) 404-409.
		Archi, Alfonso and Evelyn Klengel-Brandt, "I pesi provenienti da Zincirli," in Alfonso Archi, Paolo Emilio Pecorella and Mirjo Salvini, eds., In memoria di Pietro Meriggi (1899-1982) (Studi micenei ed egeo-anatolici 24; Incunabula Graeca, 81), Roma: Ateneo (1984) 245-261.
	www.asor.org /HITTITE/DbasemonoA.html (6754 words)

	Language Debate in Derrida's Deconstruction by Prof. Rhod V. Nuncio
		Language is then subservient to philosophizing; it is, all the more, a medium to communicate ideas through the ages.
		The structuralists, from Saussure, Barthes to Levi-Strauss, delineated language as the reductionistic or absolutist explanation of all.
		The language of debate therefore speaks of critique against the debate and the language used in the debate.
	www.geocities.com /philodept/diwatao/derrida_and_saussure.htm (6158 words)

	ODIN results for language Archi (ARC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		For those results that indicate Verified as "Highest" or "High", all instances of IGT in the document have been manually verified both to be IGT and to be in the language specified.
		"Low" indicates that the language was not verified, although the instances discovered are IGT.
		For more information about the language selected, click the language name or language code above and the Ethnologue report page for the language will be opened.
	www.csufresno.edu /odin/igt_urls.php?lang=ARC (201 words)

	Spatial tense - TheBestLinks.com - Artificial language, Arizona, English language, Lojban, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		One example for such a language is Lojban, which is also interesting in that that while English demands a temporal tense but not a spatial tense, Lojban has no requirement for a temporal tense to be provided.
		Extensive literature has been written about the Hopi language (the first to thoroughly explore whose peculiarity was Benjamin Lee Whorf), spoken by several tens of thousands Hopi in the north-east part of Arizona.
		(Another language which has extensive spatial cases is the Archi language.) Although Worlf positited that the Hopi were unable to grasp the meaning of time as per English or German, it was later found that the Hopi used adverb-like objects to inject time in their sentences.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Spatial_tense.html (369 words)

	Office of Multicultural Student Language Education OMSLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Another way that adults can contribute to a LEP student's language development is by offering feedback in the form of extending the question as presented by the child, expanding the provided chunk of language, paraphrasing the question to enhance meaning, and confirming the statements in a more completed sentence.
		Language acquisition and the development of communicative competence depends on meaningful interaction with speakers of that language.
		Therefore, acquiring a language requires the opportunity to use it in meaningful context with speakers of the language in a variety of situations.
	www.firn.edu /~doe/omsle/eg2.htm (1905 words)

	> The Committee on Endangered Languages and their Preservation (CELP) was
		The Committee on Endangered Languages and their Preservation (CELP) was established by the Linguistic Society of America in 1992 in response to conce rns regarding accelerated language endangerment and loss, and an increasing interest in promoting strategies for reinforcing languages at risk of extinction in the near or long t erm.
		CELP supports in principle the timely and far-sighted goals of establishing digital language data archives that are readily accessible to inte rested users, co-ordination among various archives, and the development of standard practices that will allow for greater uniformity (and consequently user-friendliness) of opera tions associated with data archives.
		Data archi ves should be accessible in practice to language communities who have contributed data, or who might wish to use existing archives as models on which to base future archiving pro jects.
	www.ldc.upenn.edu /exploration/expl2000/papers/crowhurst/crowhurst.htm (558 words)

	The Udi language represents a marginal Lezgian (Southeast Caucasian) language
		Udi (the local designation is udin muz ‘Udi(sh) language’) belongs to the Lezgian (or Southern) branch of the autochthonous East Caucasian language family.
		In Okt’omberi, it is Georgian that plays the role of a language for ‘external’ communication, whereas Udi is retained by some 50 people in ‘internal’ communication (most of them are 50 years old and beyond).
		Archi, another marginal language, was the first dialect to leave this continuum, lateron followed by what then became the Samur languages (Eastern Samur: Lezgi proper, Tabasaran, and Aghul), Western Samur (Rutul, Tskahur), Southern Samur (now in the Shah-Dagh mountains) (Kryts and Budukh).
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~wschulze/Udigen1.htm (1765 words)

	Geoffrey Bennington
		Given the situation in which there is no source language from which to depart towards a target or arrival point (and so, strictly speaking, no translation), these 'arrival' languages are never quite arrived at either (insofar as they don't know their point of departure nor, therefore, where they are going).
		In a dense passage we may have to reconstruct in a moment, Derrida claims that this situation (a multiplicity of languages, then, in a relation of translation in some sense, but not translating any one source language) – that this situation is originary, and that anything like a subject arises from it, secondarily.
		If the source language, the first language, is not given, but is to be invented after the fact by the desire generated from the 'secondary' position of arrival, which is the position of the apparent contingency of events and situations, here that desire seems to be valorised, perhaps as a creative gesture.
	www.usc.edu /dept/comp-lit/tympanum/4/bennington.html (5488 words)

	The DPSG - Readings
		This pattern language, written by Martin Fowler, is from the Roles & Analysis section of the PLoP 97 proceedings.
		This process pattern language, written by Gerard Meszaros, is from the Architecture section of the PLoP 97 proceedings.
		This pattern language, written by Klaus Renzel and Wolgang Keller, is a PLoP 97 paper that was part of the Architecture proceedings.
	www.industriallogic.com /patterns/ili_nyc_books.html (528 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Following anote on terminology relating to the common distinction between processing and data in language processing R&D,a review of previous work is presented as a stuctured set of references.
		Language data, in various forms, is of such significance in the field thatit is frequently worked on independently of the algorithms that process it.
		Brief description Users of the architecture need to beable to have menus and at least some of the documentation in a familiar language, and they need to be able to buildapplications which process and display virtually any human language.
	nlp.fi.muni.cz /projekty/wnportal/ps/txt/304020.txt (5424 words)

	A History of Philosophy. Jacques Derrida: biography, summary, theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Structuralists claimed that "everything is language", but this leads to the same metaphysics (Logos) of the ancient Greeks, that confuses "being" and "Being" (if everything is significant, then the signifier must rely on a transcendental signified or nothing would have meaning)
		Language is not a tool to represent the world, but a world in which we live
		There are multiple legitimate interpretations of a text, multiple layers of meaning
	www.scaruffi.com /phi/derrida.html (154 words)

	IMC-Cyprus (English language): Archi~Media: the mother of all IndyMedias
		A revival of the ancient knowledge, culture, values and principles and all elements of the Hellenic civilization is underway in recent decades, accelerated in the twenty-first century and beginning to solidify into new organizations, scientific and spiritual practices, worldviews, lifestyles, cultural activities, studies, research, collective entities and individual quests of personal improvement.
		The hellenic (greek) language branch of Cyprus IndyMedia is one of thos entities and it contributes a small part to those efforts in Cyprus and abroad.
		It is a simple matter of respect for the origins of Archimede's work and his legacy to modern civilization, a matter of respect for his homeland and his culture, and in accordance to the basic tenets that dictate respect for the cultural artifacts of all people of all cultures, origins, languages and faiths.
	english-cyprus.indymedia.org /newswire/display/325/index.php (3699 words)

	M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		In programming language systems, these characters have some controlling role in respect to the other characters with which they are associated.
		A language that is used to describe a metalanguage.
		The language is similar to Pascal and is now being widely used in university computer science courses.
	www.wordbench.com /dic/m.html (7471 words)

	Dr Dunstan Brown
		Default inheritance is a particularly insightful way of looking at inflectional syncretism, where a single form may have multiple functions, because this can be located at different points on a hierarchy: in a single class, or a majority of classes, for example.
		I believe that it is important for linguists to look at languages in detail, and also that the insights that an in-depth study can bring should be combined with broader typological work.
		I also applied this knowledge to design a lexical database which is being used in the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme project on Archi, a language of Dagestan.
	www.surrey.ac.uk /lcts/personal/db.htm (463 words)

	Investigating the world of languages
		As this week marks European Day of Languages some of us may harbour thoughts about brushing up our French or perhaps even taking on German, but for a group of Surrey academics every day is a languages day.
		Some languages are familiar and accessible whereas some more exotic languages, whose structures can tell us a great deal about our world and ourselves are harder to come by.
		The project has met with a lot of enthusiasm from the Archi people, who are very proud of their language, which is exotic even by the local standards as the population of Daghestan is just over two million and there are about forty languages spoken there.
	www.physorg.com /news78585222.html (626 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ARC
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		One of the most divergent of the Lezgian languages.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=ARC (48 words)

	Software Architecture Sites
		This technology is based upon a new generation of computer languages, called Executable Architecture Definition Languages (EADLs), and an innovative toolset supporting the use of EADLs in evolutionary development and rigorous analysis of large-scale systems.
		This means using machine-processable languages to capture architecture specifications; tools to analyze architectures and estimate system properties; and tools to automate the production and testing of software from an architecture specification.
		We have applied these principles to develop architecture specification languages for real-time systems, with special attention paid to those that include guidance, navigation and control functions; and to specify example architectures that can be easily adapted to meet the requirements of families of related products.
	www2.umassd.edu /secenter/saresources.html (2244 words)

	Articles
		The creation of tense and aspect systems in the languages of the world.
		Language and speech 23, Part I. Hooper, Joan Bybee.
		Why small children cannot change language on their own: Evidence from the English past tense.
	www.unm.edu /~jbybee/recent.htm (922 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Russia: Legislation
		Accordingly, those languages representing only one or few villages have been included, however; those ones, spoken by bigger amount of people in urban areas, but not having a traditional territory in the country, have been dismissed.
		Territorial entities of the Russian Federation within which the respective language may be considered as the holder/titular language, and the approximate percentage of the entity’s population speaking the language.
		Avar 5) West central zone of the Dagestan Republic near the Georgian border 6) Agraphic language; literature in Avar 7) It is often referred to as a variant of Avar.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=36&LID=151 (3943 words)

	EALC > People > Faculty > Hyo Sang Lee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Korean Language Education and Research-Korea Foundation Textbooks in Korean language.
		I seek functional explanations on why languages are structured in the ways they are through the ways human beings communicate with each other.
		Although I doubt that classroom interaction can entirely be removed from language teaching, current web and multimedia technology can enhance the learners' chance to be contacted with the target language in more interesting and contextualized way than textbooks.
	www.indiana.edu /~ealc/people/faculty/individual/hyoslee.html (542 words)

	Archi — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/aqc (188 words)

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