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Topic: Architecture of Normandy

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	Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Normandy is a former country (a Duchy) situated in northern France occupying the lower Seine area (upper or Haute-Normandie) and the region to the west or Basse-Normandie) as far as the Cotentin Peninsula.
		Upper Normandy consists of the French départements of Seine-Maritime and Eure and lower Normandy of the départements of Orne Calvados and Manche.
		Normandy remained associated with England until 1087 in 1106 - 1144 and in 1154 - 1204 and was occupied by English forces the Hundred Years' War in 1346 - 1360 and again in 1415 - 1450.
	www.freeglossary.com /Normandy (1673 words)

	Normandy
		Thus Normandy for nearly a century and a half was at once a sort of promontory of the Christian world in face of Scandinavia and at the same time a coign of Scandinavia thrust into the Christian world.
		His rule in Normandy was at first disturbed by the partisans of Guillaume Cliton, son of Robert Courte-Heuse, and later by the plot concocted against him by his own daughter Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V, who had taken as her second husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou.
		Shortly afterwards Normandy was one of the provinces of France most faithful to the Dauphin Charles, the future Charles V, and the hope the English entertained in 1359 of seeing Normandy ceded to them by the Preliminaries of London was not ratified by the treaty of Brétigny (1360); Normandy remained French.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/normandy.html (3642 words)

	GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE AND ART. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Unlike Romanesque architecture, with its stress on heavy masses and clearly delimited areas, Gothic construction, particularly in its later phase, is characterized by lightness and soaring spaces.
		The High Gothic phase of architecture was ushered in by the Cathedral of Chartres, begun after 1194 and followed in rapid succession by the cathedrals of Bourges, Reims, Amiens, and Beauvais.
		Spanish Gothic architecture of this period was also based largely on French monuments; the forms, however, were modified, as in Toledo and Burgos, in the direction of greater ornamental display, partly derived from Moorish precedents.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/go/Gothicar.html (1648 words)

	ABC of Architecture
		Architecture first happened when someone thought it might be nice to get in out of the wet or cold, to create a usable interior space.
		Architecture is in general distinguished from the other arts because it alone is primarily concerned with creating usable interior space.
		Architecture is a discipline located at the intersection of social, technological, and artistic history.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/o/ogorman-abc.html (3384 words)

	Normandy Excursions, Cultural travel tours of Normandy: Norman Architecture
		The style developed in Normandy during the eleventh century was at once simple and elegant, a logical evolution of design, which made possible the achievements of the French builders in the next century.
		It was a very vigorous civilization, proud of its achievements, and architectural expression, as a symbol of leadership, power and wealth, became imperative.
		And by the end of the eleventh century, the center of Norman power had moved to England, and Normandy fell somewhat in a state of anarchy.
	mynormandy.home.att.net /regards-pierre.html (1572 words)

	Building in stone
		the prestigious memory of Carolingian architecture, continued and developed in the Germanic empire, which was very much present in the affairs of the kingdom of France and the neighbouring regions in the eastern part of the duchy.
		Normandy was, however, also open to the influence of the neighbouring regions of Maine, Anjou and the Loire and the presence among the dukes' entourage of Italian reforming monks who introduced into the duchy other models drawn from Italy, Burgundy and the highly influential style of the Abbey at Cluny.
		Lastly, the earliest intersecting rib vaults to have survived in Normandy are those of the chancel and transept of Lessay, and of the nave at St Stephen's in Caen, dating from 1100 to 1120/1130.
	www.mondes-normands.caen.fr /angleterre/cultures/GB_FR/culture6_1.htm (645 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Normandy is a former country situated in northern France occupying the lower Seine area and the region to the west (lower or Basse-Normandie) as far as the
		Rollo's descendant William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England in 1066 and became king William I of England.
		Normandy butter is highly prized, as is Normandy cream, both of which are lavishly used in local gastronomic specialities.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Normandy.html (1222 words)

	Normandy Country Tours - Escorted Tours of Historic Sites- Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Normandy is reunified with the Crown of France.
		Normandy is recovered after the victory of Farming and capture of Cherbourg.
		It is not surprising that Normandy, from the 13th century, being rich in abbeys, became a centre of literature.
	www.normandycountrytours.co.uk /normandy.htm (1817 words)

	::Medieval Church Architecture::
		Architecture played a very important role for the church in Medieval England.
		Norman architecture is also referred to as Romanesque because it was influenced in turn by the Ancient Romans.
		Norman architecture tends to be dominated by a round shape style.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /medieval_church_architecture.htm (670 words)

	Province of Normandy, France
		Normandy's principal cities are Caen, Cherbourg, Le Havre, and Rouen.
		Normandy lost its status as a province and administrative unit in 1790 and was divided into the departments of Calvados, Eure, Manche, Orne, and Seine-Maritime.
		Its one cobblestone street climbs in three spirals from a great granite base to the towering Benedictine abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel, an architectural masterpiece built in the 13th century, replacing the original abbey, which was founded in 708 by St. Aubert, bishop of Avranches, but destroyed by King Philip II of France in 1203.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Provinces/Normandy.shtml (1230 words)

	Norman architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries.
		These Romanesque styles originated in Normandy and became widespread in north western Europe, particularly in England which contributed considerable development and has the largest number of surviving examples.
		Architectural historians and scholars consider that a style must be assessed as an integral whole rather than an aggregate of features, and while some include these developments within the Norman or Romanesque styles, others describe them as transitional or "Norman-Gothic Transitional".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Norman_architecture (1176 words)

	Newhouse Program and Architecture Competition
		The program fulfills the mission of the Chicago Architecture Foundation by combining the dedication of teachers, the passion of architects who volunteer their time, and the talent of high school students.
		It was his belief that many minority students lacked access and exposure to the field of architecture, and that their talents were being overlooked.
		Working in partnership with the architecture firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the Chicago Board of Education and the Chicago City Colleges, the first annual competition was held in 1983 with 100 contestants.
	www.architecture.org /newhouse.html (1268 words)

	Gothic architecture
		Style of architecture that flourished in Europe from the mid-12th century to the end of the 15th century.
		Gothic architecture in France may be divided into four periods: Early Gothic, lancet Gothic, Rayonnet Gothic, and Late, or Flamboyant, Gothic.
		Gothic architecture in England is divided into three styles: Early English (1200–75), for example Salisbury Cathedral; Decorated (1300–75), for example York Minster; and Perpendicular (1400–1575), for example Winchester Cathedral.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0001560.html (476 words)

	Ontario Architecture Styles Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Colonial Revivals in Canadian architecture are inspired by North American models and Period Revivals are inspired by European.
		From the bell-cast roof and dormers to the long, front, covered porch this is reminiscent of the French Regime period of the Eastern Provinces, and the rural architecture of Normandy and Brittany.
		Under the lower roof overhang is a round-headed window with a keystone and stones at the spring.
	www.ontarioarchitecture.com /periodrevivals.htm (1378 words)

	Normandy France - French Guide - IndigoGuide Normandy
		Normandy comprises the départements of Calvados (14), Eure (27), Manche (50), Orne (61) and Seine-Maritime (76).
		In the 9th century, Normandy was subject to numerous invasions from Scandinavian Viking pirates.
		Normandy thus has an abundance of war memorials, museums and cemeteries, especially around the Bayeux area and the beaches just north of there.
	www.indigoguide.com /france/normandy.htm (819 words)

	Architecture of Normandy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Haute-Normandie, the late medieval vernacular domestic architecture is typically half-timbered: some fine examples in Rouen escaped the devastation of the Second World War.
		Unfortunately the urban architectural heritage of mainland Normandy was badly damaged during the Battle of Normandy in 1944.
		The confident ecclesiastical architecture, such as at Lessay and Bayeux, has left its mark on the landscape, as well as an artistic legacy in literature and in art, for example Claude Monet's series of impressionist paintings of the Gothic facade of Rouen Cathedral.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Architecture_of_Normandy (366 words)

	Normandy Park Real Estate and Homes For Sale - Homes For Sale in Normandy Park
		Normandy Park was first established south and west of the Seattle Tacoma International Airport in the mid-1920's as a 1,200 acre planned community, intended to be modeled after French Normandy-style architecture.
		The Depression brought the development of Normandy Park to a halt, to be rediscovered a few decades later.
		Over 7,000 people live in Normandy Park, enjoying both the quaintness of a rural seaside community and the benefits of urban life.
	www.seattles-real-estate.com /seattle_normandy_park.htm (183 words)

	City of Redlands
		Craftsman architecture grew out of the Arts and Crafts Movement that began in England in the late nineteenth century under the leadership of William Morris and John Ruskin.
		Based on the rural architecture of Normandy, the picturesque cottages feature high hipped roofs, conical towers, wavy shingling patterns on the roofs, and stucco wall finishes of varying texture.
		Builders of the 1920s were able to advertise Redlands as a fine residential city because of the expansive public streets, street trees, and cut-stone curbs, all of which had been planned and planted by the far-sighted settlers of the 1890s and early 1900s.
	www.ci.redlands.ca.us /plans/general_plan3.htm (7766 words)

	Normandy - French
		The history of Normandy is closely bound up with that of its abbeys, which, from the 5th century onwards, enjoyed enormous importance politically and economically as well as spiritually, intellectually and artistically.
		Of the hundred and twenty in existence in the days of their greatest glory about sixty have survived down to the present day: their buildings represent an architectural heritage of rare wealth and beauty.
		The Norman architecture peculiar to Normandy itself, England and Wales, South Italy and Sicily and the Near East is exemplified at its most accomplished in such exceptional masterpieces as the cathedrals of Rouen, Evreux, Bayeaux, Coutances and Sees or the older portions of the abbey church on the Mont-St-Michel.
	www.welcometofrance.it /RegNormandie/Intro/intro4.uk.html (346 words)

	William The coqueror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		William the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, died in Rouen in 1087.
		Magnificent architecture from the 11th and 12th centuries.
		CAEN : capital of Lower Normandy where William had built the two abbeys : Abbaye aux Hommes and Abbaye aux Dames, in an attempt to request a pardon for having married his cousin Mathilda.
	www.normandy-tourism.org /gb/16tours/tours5.html (694 words)

	Normandy Excursions, Cultural travel tours of Normandy
		Travel to Normandy with Normandy Excursions Personalized tours of Normandy: visit the D-day beaches, Omaha Beach, Utah beach and Pointe du Hoc, the Normandy of William the Conqueror, the coast of Normandy; come and taste the Normandy cheeses, the Normandy cider and Calvados
		Where the gentle spectacled Normandy cow whose milk produces celebrated cheeses, grazes beneath the apple trees from which come sparkling cider, pommeau and calvados - the foundations of a sensational regional cuisine.
		Learn about the Norman architecture, from the early Romanesque abbeys of William the Conqueror, the fortified castles, to the gothic cathedrals, the country manor houses and the grand chateaux.
	home.att.net /~mynormandy (438 words)

	Normandy Park, WA Real Estate - Normandy Park Washington
		Many Normandy Park Residents enjoy Saltwater State Park on the shorline of Puget Sound for its wildlife and beautiful views.There are also private swim clubs and beaches and a senior center.
		The City of Normandy Park was incorporated in 1953, but the city's creation dates to the 1920's when the Seattle-Tacoma Land Company organized plans to develop Normandy Park.
		It was intended to be a distinctive community, with French Normandy architecture, a yacht club, beaches and a golf course as part of the development plans.
	www.camille-obrien.com /real-estate/normandy-park-wa.html (360 words)

	Lamson Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Normandy Diary Of Marie-Louise Osmont : 1940-1944
		Six Armies In Normandy : From D-Day To The Liberation Of Paris, June 6th-August 25th, 1944
		Monet On The Normandy Coast : Tourism And Painting, 1867-1886
	www.plymouth.edu /library/opac/subjkey/normandy (96 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Discern the significant differences between late architecture and the architectural style of the early period.
		Identify the characteristics of French and Northern Spanish regional Romanesque architecture and architectural sculpture.
		Compare and contrast the architecture of Normandy and Norman England with that of the Pilgrimage routes in France and Spain.
	www.kckcc.cc.ks.us /syllabi/doc/FNAR0102.DOC (2540 words)

	Taste of Normandy \| Travel & Indulgence \| The Australian
		STANDING on the beaches of Normandy gazing at the English Channel, I am reminded by an indignant Frenchman that this treacherous stretch of water is not English at all.
		I'm told this meat is difficult to find outside Normandy because it is particular to the small area around the heritage-listed island monument at the border between Normandy and Brittany.
		The garish basilica is an architectural disappointment, but St Therese of the Little Flower, canonised in the 1920s, still lures thousands of pilgrims to her shrine.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20318232-5002031,00.html (1532 words)

	Architecture Tours L.A Guidebooks by Laura Massino :: books at arcspace.com
		The city of Pasadena is rich in history and significant architecture, featuring 9 landmark districts and over 3,500 designated historic sites.
		Some of the oldest and some of the newest architecture in the city's most architecturally diverse area.
		This tour span the city's intriguing history including a barn from Hollywood's humble beginnings as a bucolic retreat; original Victorian homes built at the turn of the 20th century; glamorous hotels and theaters from the Hollywood cinema's early days; and innovative designs by famed architects like Frank Lloyd Wright, John Lautner, and Frank Gehry.
	www.arcspace.com /books/architecture_tours/architecture_tours.html (529 words)

	France's Normandy Coastline -- Visit Mont St. Michel, D-Day Beaches, and the Charming Port of Honfleur
		We were on a voyage of discovery along northern France’s Normandy coastline, and the highlights still sparkle in our memory -- the unparalleled physical beauty and visible history of Mont St. Michel; the emotion-rending D-Day beaches and monuments; the inviting port of Honfleur, which so well preserves Normandy’s unique architecture, culture, and cuisine.
		From the west terrace, the Normandy and Bretagne coast line spread in an unforgettable panorama.
		The impact of Mont St. Michel’s history seeped into our bones as we visited the monk’s cloister garden, the refectory, the Knights’ Hall, and the almshouse, where poor pilgrims were fed and lodged.
	www.highonadventure.com /Hoa98oct/Normandy/normandy.htm (1258 words)

	Architecture Tours L.A. Guidebooks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		History buffs, architecture enthusiasts, and southern California visitors all will love this unique and fascinating tour, which offers the best way to see diverse architecture in Pasadena.
		On this tour you'll encounter some of the oldest and some of the newest architecture in the city's most architecturally diverse area.
		Visit more than 60 architecture sites in the area of Los Angeles known as Silver Lake, home to some of the greatest architecture in the world.
	www.architecturetoursla.com /allbooks.htm (1036 words)

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