Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

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Topic: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

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	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As part of Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, the refuge was expanded by the United States Congress in 1980 through the lobbying efforts of Olaus and Margaret Murie, with the Wilderness Society.
		The 1980 expansion of the refuge designated 1.5 million acres (6,070 km²) of the coastal plain as the 1002 area and mandated studies of the natural resources of this area, especially petroleum.
		The arctic coastal plain stretches southward from the coast to the foothills of the Brooks Range.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ANWR (941 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		This vast, remote refuge, with its wide range of arctic ecosystems, is home to such a diverse array of wildlife that it is often called the "American Serengeti." At three times the size of Vermont, it is the largest untouched wildlife refuge in the United States.
		We love our national parks, monuments, forests, and wildlife refuges, regardless of where they are located.
		ANWR oil would have no effect on California's ongoing electricity crisis, nor would it significantly affect electricity supplies elsewhere in the U.S. The United States uses roughly two-thirds of its petroleum for transportation, primarily in motor vehicles (DOE, 2000a).
	leahy.senate.gov /issues/environment/anwr.html (1616 words)

	NRDC: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: A Wilderness Worth Far More Than Oil
		While proponents of drilling insist the Arctic Refuge could be developed by disturbing as little as 2,000 acres within the 1.5-million-acre coastal plain, a recent analysis by NRDC reveals this to be pure myth.
		The refuge is among the world's last true wildernesses, and it is one of the largest sanctuaries for Arctic animals.
		Traversed by a dozen rivers and framed by jagged peaks, this spectacular wilderness is a vital birthing ground for polar bears, grizzlies, Arctic wolves, caribou and the endangered shaggy musk ox, a mammoth-like survivor of the last Ice Age.
	www.nrdc.org /land/wilderness/arctic.asp (1147 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Wildlife and plant life that live in or use the seasonally rich coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge are triply at risk.
		There, because many migrating bird species such as trumpeter swans and arctic terns visit the refuge in anticipation of a short, uninterrupted burst of food resources to feed themselves and develop their young prior to migration, disturbances of any duration could have population-wide impacts.
		First, oil exploration and extraction activities are concentrated in the refuge’s most critical and sensitive areas such as calving grounds for the Porcupine caribou herd and denning areas for one of America’s two polar bear populations.
	www.arcticwildlife.org /oil10myths.htm (1299 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Renowned for its wildlife, Arctic Refuge is inhabited by 45 species of land and marine mammals, ranging from the pygmy shrew to the bowhead whale.
		The refuge encompasses the traditional homelands and subsistence areas of Inupiaq Eskimos of the arctic coast and the Athabascan Indians of the interior.
		The Arctic Refuge encompasses coastal tundra and mountains in northeast Alaska.
	www.fws.gov /refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=75600 (556 words)

	NPR : Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The 19-million-acre chunk of tundra known as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is tucked into the northeast corner of Alaska.
		Wildlife advocates say drilling proponents have overestimated the amount of oil available and underestimated the amount of time it would take to produce oil from the refuge.
		Opponents say the ANWR deposits offer a relatively limited source of oil and fear the long-term impact of drilling on wildlife in a largely undisturbed -- though not pristine -- wilderness area.
	www.npr.org /programs/specials/anwr (854 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Summer in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (often abbreviated to ANWR) was established by President Eisenhower in 1960, and is the largest wildlife refuge in the United States.
		This colorful image of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Beaufort Sea was acquired by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer’s nadir (vertical-viewing) camera on August 16, 2000.
		The Refuge encompasses an impressive variety of arctic and subarctic ecosystems, including coastal lagoons, barrier islands, arctic tundra, and mountainous terrain.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=5110 (502 words)

	Section 1: Introduction - Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain Terrestrial Wildlife Summaries
		This legislation also designated almost all of the original Arctic National Wildlife Range as wilderness, and it directed the Secretary of the Interior to conduct studies evaluating both the biological resources and the potential petroleum reserves of 1.5 million acres (titled the 1002 Area) on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge.
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the largest and most northern national wildlife refuge in the United States, encompassing 19.6 million acres (30,000 square miles).
		Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain resource assessment: 1985 update report, baseline study of the fish, wildlife, and their habitats.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /1002/section1.htm (1378 words)

	Sierra: Where the CARIBOU ROAM - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Although 8 million of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge's 19 million acres are designated wilderness, only 30 miles of the 125-mile coastal plain are so protected.
		According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, pregnant caribou and females with young calves are especially sensitive to disturbances such as the presence of humans, vehicles, and noise.
		A commitment from the Clinton administration to veto any legislation to allow drilling in the refuge (together with, until recently, a worldwide oil glut) has spared the plain for almost seven years since the last serious effort to open the refuge to development.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1525/is_4_85/ai_63127638 (1410 words)

	L.L.Bean: Park Search - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Arctic plants have adapted to survive in an environment where permafrost is within 1.5 feet of the surface.
		The refuge protects a large portion of the calving grounds, wintering areas and migration routes of the 123,000-member Porcupine caribou herd, one of the largest herds in Alaska.
		The refuge is home to free-roaming herds of muskoxen, Dall sheep, wolves and such solitary species as wolverines and polar and grizzly bears.
	www.llbean.com /parksearch/parks/html/10695gd.htm (284 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Thus, given the present condition of the U.S. economy, it is hardly surprising that the issue of extracting oil from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has again become an arena of crucial debate within Congress and the United States at large.
		This herd, whose calving grounds reside on the tundra of the Refuge, is an important means of subsistence for the region's indigenous inhabitants.
		And if the government's national security objective is to limit reliance on foreign oil imports and create a sustainable long-range energy policy, there are better ways of achieving it - such as improving the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles.
	arcticcircle.uconn.edu /ANWR/anwrpreface.html (1027 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a vast and beautiful wilderness, one unique in North America.
		The 1002 Area is critically important to the ecological integrity of the whole Arctic Refuge, providing essential habitats for numerous internationally important species such as the Porcupine Caribou herd and polar bears.
		The Arctic Refuge is recognized as one of the finest examples of wilderness left on the planet.
	www.solcomhouse.com /anwr.htm (2513 words)

	The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (otherwise known as ANWR) is 18 million acres of land in Alaska's far northeastern corner that houses a multitude of species.
		ANWR is a symbol for everyone on this planet of the link between wilderness and wildlife and the need for both, now and in the future.
		Fish and wildlife habitat losses resulting from construction and operation of the pipeline system were much greater than the predictions had estimated.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~akennedy (1259 words)

	Orion > Orion Magazine > May June 2004 > Terry Tempest Williams
		We step outside the cook tent and place four topographical maps that encompass the 19.5 million acres of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the ground to see where we are and where we are going.
		Arctic still life: a caribou antler, laced with lichen, orange and yellow, is wrapped around a dwarf willow which now provides shade and shelter for what was once held high in motion.
		On this night, I met the Arctic Angel and vowed the 22,000 miles of her migratory path between the Arctic and Antarctica would not be in vain.
	www.oriononline.org /pages/om/04-3om/TempestWilliams.html (3356 words)

	Bird Checklists of the United States
		Willms, M.A. Checklist to the birds of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.
		Knowledge of refuge avifauna is best known for the north slope region due to the intensive research program which has been ongoing for the past 15 years.
		The arctic coastline and offshore waters of the Beaufort Sea contain ice leads, open ocean, coastal lagoons, barrier island/spits, and broad mudflat river deltas.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/othrdata/chekbird/r7/arcticwr.htm (3819 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Site archive
		Refuge Information: Located in northeastern Alaska, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the most northern and one of the largest Refuges within America's National Wildlife Refuge System.
		The Arctic Refuge's primary mandate: to protect the wildlife and habitats of this area for the benefit of people now and in the future.
		Habitat: The Arctic Refuge is among the most complete, pristine, and undisturbed ecosystems on earth.
	www.mapcruzin.com /arctic_refuge (398 words)

	National Geographic Adventure on the Arctic Wildlife Refuge
		Writer-photographer James Balog has been “commuting” to Alaska from his home in Boulder, Colorado, since the 1980s, but it wasn’t until June 2001 that he first entered the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).
		This is an area across which the 130,000-strong Porcupine Caribou Herd migrates, where 135 species of birds live, and where scientists can study the largest intact, naturally functioning, Arctic ecosystem.
		Within ANWR is a slice of coastal plain the size of Ireland (1.5 million acres/607,030 hectares), called 1002 (ten-oh-two).
	www.nationalgeographic.com /adventure/0111/life.html (421 words)

	Save the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is an icon of that hope.
		The administration's real reason to open the Arctic Refuge is more strategic: if it can violate this sanctuary, then it can invade our other cherished wild places as well.
		After a failed attempt to include Arctic drilling in the budget reconciliation bill, drilling proponents tried a last-minute maneuver to add a drilling provision to the must-pass spending bill that funds the Department of Defense (including the troops in Iraq).
	www.savebiogems.org /arctic (396 words)

	Washington, DC Office - National Wildlife Federation
		The federal budget is not the place to decide controversial policy issues such as whether to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling.
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and its coastal plain are critical to our wildlife and must be protected from oil development.
		We will continue to be a watchdog for the Arctic Refuge by tracking of efforts in Congress to open this area for oil development and working with members of Congress to secure a wilderness designation for this national treasure.
	www.nwf.org /arcticrefuge (1088 words)

	Oil on Ice - The Fate of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
		Oil on Ice is a vivid, compelling and comprehensive documentary connecting the fate of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to decisions America makes about energy policy, transportation choices, and other seemingly unrelated matters.
		The Senate blocked oil drilling in an Alaska wildlife refuge, determined to protect the refuge from development, though they found it difficult to oppose the politically popular defense bill, which has money for troops in Iraq, relief for Katrina hurricane victims and help for low-income families to pay energy bills.
		Caught in the balance are the culture and livelihood of the Gwich’in people and the migratory wildlife in this fragile ecosystem.
	www.oilonice.org (403 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: King County Library System
		Caribou Rising: Defending the Porcupine herd, Gwich-'in culture, and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Bloody Falls of the Coppermine: Madness, murder, and the collision of cultures in the Arctic, 1913
		Two years in the Pacific and Arctic oceans and China: being a journal of every day life on board ship, interesting information in regard to the inhabitants of different countries, and the exciting events peculiar to a whaling voyage
	www.washington.edu /burkemuseum/ANWR/kcls.html (795 words)

	Audubon: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The result was the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, or ANILCA, under which the area was renamed the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and expanded to 19.5 million acres--bigger than South Carolina.
		The refuge is unique, according to John Schoen, senior scientist with Audubon Alaska, for its geographical compression and the diversity of its ecoregions.
		travels to "the biological heart of the refuge" to unlock the mystery of its astonishing fecundity, and its importance to caribou, polar bears, and millions of migrating birds.
	magazine.audubon.org /features0109/arctic.html (3620 words)

	Map: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge - Porcupine Caribou Herd
		Located in northeastern Alaska, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the most northern and one of the largest Refuges (19.8 million acres) within America's National Wildlife Refuge System.
		The Arctic Refuge is home of the calving grounds of the 130,000 strong Porcupine Caribou Herd.
		The calving grounds of the Porcupine caribou herd include the northern foothills of the Brooks Range and the arctic coastal plain from the Tamayariak River in Alaska to the Babbage River in Canada.
	www.conservationgiscenter.org /maps/html/porcupine_herd.html (224 words)

	Arctic Refuge: Wildlife
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is home to some of the most diverse and spectacular wildlife in the arctic.
		The Refuge's rich pageant of wildlife includes 36 fish species, 36 land mammals, nine marine mammals, and more than 160 migratory and resident bird species.
		Which Arctic Refuge birds travel to or through your area?
	arctic.fws.gov /wildlife.htm (98 words)

	Help Save the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Defenders of Wildlife
		The wildest place left in America, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge – often called the "American Serengeti" – is home to caribou, polar bears, muskoxen, arctic foxes, wolverines, grizzlies, and snow geese, all of which depend on this fragile, unique ecosystem for survival.
		Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the crown jewel of America's National Wildlife Refuge System.
		Tucked away in the state's remote northeast corner, this 19.6-million-acre wildlife sanctuary is an awe-inspiring natural wonder: a sweeping expanse of tundra studded with marshes and lagoons and laced with rivers dramatically situated between the rugged foothills of the Brooks Range and the wide, icy waters of the Beaufort Sea.
	www.savearcticrefuge.org /learnmore.html (160 words)

	Sheenjek River Rafting HikingArctic National Wildlife Refuge ANWR Brooks Range River trips canoe raft paddling
		Four years later, the Arctic National Wildlife Range was established, later expanded in 1980 and renamed a Wildlife Refuge.
		Arctic Village is 118 miles northeast of the Arctic Circle on the southern border of the Arctic Refuge.
		By afternoon, we should be deep in the heart of the Arctic Refuge, and ready to explore our surroundings on foot.
	www.equinoxexpeditions.com /sheenjek.html (958 words)

	The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(ANWR) is a vast, wild land that has been called America's Serengeti because of its diverse and thriving wildlife populations.
		Proponents of drilling in the Arctic Refuge claim that massive amounts of oil are to be found underneath the Refuge's fragile coastal plain.
		According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Oil and gas exploration and development would impact the fish and wildlife and their habitats, most notably caribou, muskoxen, polar bears, and migratory birds, as well as damage tundra vegetation and soils.
	www.questconnect.org /ak_anwr.htm (906 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		Lands could be chosen only in areas where ancestral use of the land had occurred, and could not take place in Federal land units such as National Parks, Wildlife Refuges, or National Forests.
		The Department of Interior warns that drilling in the Arctic Refuge could harm or displace up to 40 percent of the Porcupine Caribou herd, which would in turn damage or destroy the culture of the Gwich’in as the herd is central to their way of life.
		Drilling in the Arctic Refuge, the most controversial of all the provisions in the energy bill, is also expected to be addressed on September 23, along with any other outstanding Tier I issues.
	www.leaveitalone.org /alaskawild187.htm (1947 words)

	Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
		During the brief arctic summer, the North Slope is home to millions of birds.
		Dunlins have wintered along the coast of China, Yellow Wagtails and Northern Wheatears in southern Asia and Africa, and Arctic Terns in the Antarctic.
		Arctic and Red-throated loons breed on small lakes, as do Sabine's Gulls and Arctic Terns.
	arcticcircle.uconn.edu /ANWR/anwrbirds.html (783 words)

	ANWR.com - Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Blog
		The National Organization of Counties (NACO) today submitted a letter to Congress urging members to vote against tomorrows Cantwell Amendment Motion to Strike ANWR from the Budget Reconciliation Bill.
		In fact, the AAA says the current national average for regular gas is at a near-record $2.24 per gallon.
		ANWR supporters have easily prevailed in the House every year is recent history so it is very unlikely that anything can derail the opening of ANWR at this point.
	www.anwr.com (1216 words)

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