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Topic: Arctic Tern

	Encyclopedia: Arctic Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One particularly spectacular example involved an Arctic Tern ringed as a chick not yet able to fly, on the Farne Islands off the Northumberland coast in eastern Britain in summer 1982, which reached Melbourne, Australia in October 1982, a sea journey of over 22,000 km (14,000 miles) in just three months from fledging.
		On the wintering grounds, Arctic Tern also has to be distinguished from the Antarctic Tern Sterna vittata and Kerguelen Tern Sterna virgata; the six-month difference in moult is the best clue here, with Arctic Terns being in winter plumage during the southern summer.
		The Arctic tern has webbed feet, the tail is long and forked, the legs are short and red, and the head is rounded and white with a fl cap.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Arctic-Tern (1264 words)

	Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae.
		Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters.
		Terns in the genus Sterna have deeply forked tails, those in Chlidonias and Larosterna shallowly forked tails, while the noddies (genera Anous, Procelsterna, Gygis) have unusual 'notched wedge' shaped tails, the longest tail feathers being the middle-outer, not the central nor the outermost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tern (432 words)

	Arctic Tern
		Arctic Terns are the commonest tern breeding in Britain and Ireland, but their northerly distribution means they are less familiar to most observers than other tern species.
		This caused repeated abandonment of eggs and starvation of chicks throughout the archipelago and the population of Arctic Terns on the Northern Isles declined between 1980 and 1989 in response to reduced recruitment and increased mortality or non-breeding.
		Terns show a low degree of site faithfulness from one year to the next, in response to predation or habitat change and especially in areas where islands and other suitable habitat are plentiful and often move en masse between different colonies.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2896 (1597 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Laridae - Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea)
		The underside of the Arctic Tern is dull gray, not white.
		Arctic Terns are rarely, if ever, seen outside of their breeding grounds, migrating over open ocean to Europe and Africa.
		However the upper primary feathers (the large feathers on the trailing edge of the outer half of the wing) are strongly accented with white and are not all gray as in the Arctic Tern.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/gulls/Sparad.htm (466 words)

	Terns: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Arctic and Aleutian terns are very similar in appearance and difficult to differentiate, especially since they often mix in coastal breeding grounds.
		Arctic tern numbers are harder to estimate since they usually do not breed in large colonies like other waterbirds; also they seem to move their colonies from year to year.
		Tern eggs and hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to predators, and terns are very sensitive to intrusions in their breeding areas.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/bird/terns.php (1026 words)

	Arctic Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This first-summer (i.e., born in 1999) Arctic Tern was initially spotted by Tony Lauro in a small group of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Democrat Point at the extreme western tip of Fire Island.
		Other features which help eliminate Common Tern of this age are the uniform uppersides to the primaries, due to the fact that first-summer Arctic Terns have already molted and all the primaries are the same age.
		Arctic Tern also lacks the darker secondaries typical of first-summer Common Tern.
	home.earthlink.net /~andyguthrie/arctern.htm (395 words)

	Arctic Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The arctic tern is a relatively small bird.
		In fact the arctic tern almost never lands and is known to be in daylight more than dark because of its migration schedule.
		Terns don't swim well even though their feet are webbed because they have small feet so they swoop down, catch the fish, and keep flying to stay out of the water.
	tqjunior.thinkquest.org /3500/arctic_tern.html (579 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Sea Life - Fact files: Arctic tern
		Arctic terns are fairly long-lived and have been known to reach about 30 years of age.
		Arctic terns are fish-eaters, they hover above the surface of the water before diving into the sea.
		The Arctic tern's most distinctive behaviour is the 12,000km (7,500 mile) journey it makes to and from its Antarctic breeding grounds.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/blueplanet/factfiles/birds/arctic_tern_bg.shtml (402 words)

	Arctic Tern Juvenile
		Arctic Tern sees more daylight than any other living creature on earth since it is in both Southern and Northern Hemispheres during the periods of longest days.
		Arctic Tern Juvenile: Two to three pale gray eggs spotted with brown and fl are laid on the bare rocks, often lined with nothing more than a few pebbles.
		Arctic Tern Juvenile: Similar to this bird is juvenile Common Tern, which shows brownish wash on a back, distinctive dark shoulder bar, and dark gray secondaries.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/449/_/Arctic_Tern_Juvenile.aspx (959 words)

	Arctic Tern Habitat Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Arctic terns seem to avoid islands with shrubs or other woody vegetation, and nest where the vegetation is short or sparse at the time the nest site is chosen (Hawksley 1957).
		Arctic terns feed on flying insects, (Hawksley 1957), amphipods (Abraham and Ankney 1984), euphausids, and small fishes (Braune and Gaskin 1982), in mixed flocks with common and roseate terns (Andrews 1993).
		Partitioning of foraging habitat by breeding Sabine's Gulls and Arctic Terns.
	www.fws.gov /r5gomp/gom/habitatstudy/metadata/arctic_tern_model.htm (662 words)

	Racine Arctic Tern Account and Photo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kanae photographed the tern while it was standing with some Commons, but couldn't get any flight shots which is unfortunate because the bird put on quite a show, hovering and swooping right in front of us.
		The dark trailing edge of the primaries on Common Tern is broader and smudgier, and the undersides of the primaries are grayish.
		A 1st year Arctic Tern, it seems to me, is probably easier to pick out than an adult, once the difference in molt between Common and Arctic Terns is understood.
	members.aol.com /rjaebob/RacineArcticTern.html (505 words)

	Arctic Tern Adult
		Arctic Tern Adult: Breeds on arctic tundra from Aleutians, northern Alaska and across northern Canada and south to northern British Columbia, northern Manitoba, Quebec, and Massachusetts.
		Arctic Tern Adult: Two to three pale gray eggs spotted with brown and fl are laid on the bare rocks, often lined with nothing more than a few pebbles.
		Arctic Tern Adult: Similar to this bird is Common Tern, which has a long red bill tipped with fl, longer legs and shorter tail.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/448/_/Arctic_Tern_Adult.aspx (968 words)

	Arctic tern - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		Arctic terns are the ultimate long distance migrants - summer visitors to the UK and winter visitors to the Antarctic.
		Breeding terns can best be seen on island such as the Farne Islands in Northumberland or on the Northern Isles where the greatest breeding densities occur.
		Arctic terns will swoop down on intruders and hit them with their feet or beaks.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/a/arctictern/index.asp (325 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Arctic Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a seabird (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) of the tern (Small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail) family ((biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera) Sternidae (additional info and facts about Sternidae).
		In this it differs from the Common Tern (additional info and facts about Common Tern), which usually veers off at the last moment, relying on bluff to deter predators without actually striking.
		It is most readily confused within its range with the similar Common Tern Sterna hirundo and Roseate Tern (additional info and facts about Roseate Tern) Sterna dougalli.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/arctic_tern.htm (425 words)

	Arctic Tern Printout- EnchantedLearning.com
		Anatomy: The Arctic tern is about 12 to 15 inches (30-38 cm) long and weighs about 2/3 of a pound (300 g).
		The Arctic tern has webbed feet, the tail is long and forked, the legs are short and red, and the head is rounded and white with a fl cap.
		Diet: The Arctic tern eats mostly small fish, and to a lesser degree, small invertebrates, like insects, shrimp, and krill.
	www.allaboutnature.com /subjects/birds/printouts/Arcticternprintout.shtml (324 words)

	Migration of Birds
		The Arctic Loon travels south across inland Russia to southern Europe but returns to its arctic breeding grounds via the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic because this water is open while inland waterways are still frozen.
		Some investigators believe the Arctic Tern colonized the New World from Europe because when this bird departs for the south it first crosses the Atlantic to Europe, then moves down the eastern Atlantic coast to Africa and either back across the Atlantic to South America or continues south down past South Africa (Figure 11).
		To get to South America from the eastern arctic, it would be shorter to follow the American Golden Plover's flight path straight down the Atlantic or along the east coast of the United States but the fact that no Arctic Terns have been observed in the Caribbean indicates that they do no follow that route.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/othrdata/migratio/patterns.htm (3616 words)

	AllRefer.com - tern (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		The arctic tern migrates from the arctic to the antarctic.
		American terns include the common, least, Forster's, noddy, sooty, roseate, and royal terns, all of the genus Sterna.
		Terns are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Charadriiformes, family Laridae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/tern.html (183 words)

	Robin Krieger Mejia - Science Writer and Editor
		Terns spend a lot of time flying over ocean waters, but are not really adapted to floating.
		Evolution has provided an answer to this problem: the tern is able to put one half of its brain to sleep while the other half remains alert and functioning.
		Unihemispheric sleep, like that of the tern, appears to consist only of NREM sleep, even though it occurs in dolphins and other sea mammals (which tend to have high metabolic rates.) Scientist conjecture that because these animals are constantly moving, they are maintaining the viability of the circuits that encode for those commands.
	nasw.org /users/rjmejia/sleep.html (2374 words)

	July 2000 Mystery Birds
		An Arctic Tern hybridized with a Forster's Tern at the colony in Hayward, Alameda County last year, and the offspring was reportedly seen at least once this year.
		Arctic Tern juveniles tend to have a colder, grayer overall coloration.
		On Arctic Tern the fl does not extend across the shaft, and it contrasts more with the paler gray on the inner web and the white tongue on the inner web which almost reaches the tip.
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jmorlan/july00.htm (842 words)

	Arctic tern -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Terns inhabit seacoasts and inland waters and are nearly worldwide in distribution.
		Most animals, including the reindeer, Arctic hare, Arctic fox, and wolf, live there in summer only and migrate in autumn, but the lemmings stay, feeding on the herbage buried...
		The Arctic tern (S. paradisaea) and Forster's tern (S. forsteri) are difficult to distinguish from the common tern.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?eu=381043&query=sterna&ct=gen1 (724 words)

	All About Birds
		Its travel from its Arctic breeding grounds to its wintering grounds off of Antarctica may cover perhaps 40,000 km (25,000 mi), and is the farthest yearly journey of any bird.
		When molting its wing feathers during the winter, the Arctic Tern rarely flies, instead speading much of its time resting on small blocks of ice at the edge of the pack ice.
		Most Arctic Terns return to the area where they were hatched, often to the same colony.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Arctic_Tern.html (250 words)

	Arctic Tern
		The Arctic Tern's cheeks, front of it throat chest and stomach are white.
		It tail and rump are ivory The Arctic Tern's bottom of its wings are thin and crisp.
		Both parents care for the young terns and are fed a diet similar to the adults.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/arctic_wildlife/115752 (422 words)

	LOS NEWS/NO. 186 - JUNE 1999 - PART 2
		Arctic Tern is not expected in the fall, as southbound migrants generally move south through the eastern Atlantic Ocean; there are few fall records from along the Atlantic coast south of breeding areas.
		Forster's Tern is typically illustrated with light silvery gray primaries that are the same shade or lighter than the rest of the wing and mantle.
		On Arctic Tern the gray border is crisp and narrow.
	www.losbird.org /los_news_186_99jun2.htm (4386 words)

	Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea
		In the far north Arctic terns nest on bare rocky islands and stacks.
		Each autumn flights of Arctic terns from northern Europe and Siberia journey south, soon entering the North Sea and passing the East Anglian coastline.
		When the first transatlantic recoveries were reported, it was realised that the terns breeding in Canada, northeast USA, Greenland and Spitsbergen were crossing the Atlantic on wind-aided westerlies before turning south down the western seaboard of Europe.
	www.birdsofbritain.co.uk /bird-guide/arctic-tern.htm (376 words)

	Pygmy Boats Inc.: Arctic Tern sea kayak
		He named her the Arctic Tern in honor of the sleek, migratory birds which accompanied him on a 2-month solo wilderness paddle in Canada’s Northwest Territories.
		Lockwood took the Arctic Tern (without a rudder) on an extended inland sea tour to the Far North the summer of 1998, and again in the summer of 1999.
		The Arctic Tern is also available as a "Basic Kit" in which you buy your own building supplies.
	www.pygmyboats.com /mall/Tern.asp (703 words)

	Arctic Tern
		Terns, Jaegers and Gulls are in the Laridae family.
		During breeding season, the Arctic Terns inhabit the polar regions above the 50th parallel in the Arctic Circle.
		The Arctic Tern breeds from Maine to Alaska in May and June and after mating the female lays one to two small eggs in the rocks lined with nothing more than a few pebble or grass.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/arctic_wildlife/103880 (446 words)

	ARCTIC BIRDS ( The Arctic the wildlife ,the land, the people )
		As the tern flies, it is able to catch insects.
		An Arctic tern is white with a grayish back, and a fl cap on the head.
		The nest is built on the tundra (a dent on the ground) or on a stony beach near water.
	www.saskschools.ca /~gregory/arctic/Abirds.html (727 words)

	Arctic & Common Terns Nesting
		All of these tern nesting shots were taken while walking from the picnic area to the blind, without stopping.
		Arctic terns glide along the water skimming for fish in the fashion of, you guessed it, skimmers!
		This arctic tern was perched on the post at the corner of the summer staff's vegetable garden.
	www.birdingamerica.com /Maine/terns.htm (516 words)

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