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Topic: Arctic cyclone

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	Polar cyclone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A polar cyclone is a low pressure weather system usually spanning 1000–2000 kilometers in which the air is circulating in a counterclockwise fashion (in the northern hemisphere).
		The reason for the rotation is the same as tropical cyclones, the coriolis effect.
		Cyclone activity is most prevalent in the Eurasian Arctic with approximately 15 cyclones per winter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arctic_cyclone (175 words)

	Cyclone - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Cyclones are responsible for a wide variety of different meteorological phenomena such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes.
		Near the center of the cyclone the pressure gradient force, from high- to low-pressure regions, and the Coriolis force must be in an approximate balance (or else the cyclone would collapse in on itself under the pressure gradient).
		On April 27, 1999, a rare cyclone 1,100 miles in diameter was detected by the Hubble Space Telescope in the northern polar region of Mars.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Cyclone (1109 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Arctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Arctic region is one of the last and most extensive continuous wilderness areas in the world and its significance in preserving biodiversity and genotypes is considerable.
		The Arctic is particularly susceptible to the abrasion of groundcover and to the disturbance of the rare reproduction places of the animals that are characteristic to the region.
		During the Cold War, the Arctic region was extensively monitored by the United States military, since it was the opinion of the said military that the first warnings of a Soviet Union nuclear strike would have been indicated by ICBMs launched over the North Pole towards the United States.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Arctic (1315 words)

	Tropical cyclone - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In meteorology, a tropical cyclone (or tropical storm, typhoon, or hurricane, depending on strength and location) is a type of low-pressure system which generally forms in the tropics.
		The primary energy source of a tropical cyclone is the release of the heat of condensation from water vapor condensing at high altitudes.
		Warm core: tropical cyclones are characterized and driven by the release of large amounts of latent heat of condensation as moist air is carried upwards and its water vapor condenses.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Typhoon (5070 words)

	:: Arctic Cyclones: Studying Extreme Weather Events in the Arctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		From the index, they determined that arctic cyclone activity increased during the second half of the 20th century, while there was a decrease in cyclones occurring at midlatitudes between 1960 to the early 1990s.
		Arctic cyclones are a major contributor to temperature fluctuations and high winds.
		For regions of cyclone activity in the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic region is defined as 60-90°N and the middle latitude region is defined as 40-60°N. Fig 3.
	www.iarc.uaf.edu /highlights/arctic_cyclones/index.php (770 words)

	Cyclone - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Cyclones are responsible for a wide variety of different meteorological phenomena such as typhoons, hurricanes and tornadoes.
		Tropical cyclones (also known as tropical storms, hurricanes and typhoons) are cyclones which form over warm ocean waters and draw their energy from the evaporation and condensation of that water.
		Arctic cyclones are vast areas of low pressure in polar regions that have a small cyclonic rotation.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/y/c/Cyclone.html (1017 words)

	WHOI Arctic Group \| Projects \| Sea Level Rise in the Arctic
		A second regime is characterized by cyclonic circulation as observed in the model during 1952-1957, 1964-1971 and 1980-1986 (Fig.
		In the second half of the year with a weakening of the arctic atmospheric anti-cyclone, the resulting barotropic anti-cyclonic ocean circulation weakens, with sea level in the center of circulation dropping while there is a sea level increase along the coastline of the arctic seas.
		That a cyclonic circulation regime also exists is supported by examining the temporal variability of dynamic heights in the Arctic Ocean (Treshnikov et al., 1976), temperature and salinity oscillations in the Faroe-Shetland Strait (Yanes, 1977), and air temperature variations in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas (Dement'ev, 1991).
	www.whoi.edu /science/PO/arcticgroup/projects/tworegimes.html (4448 words)

	Air Masses, Fronts, Cyclones, and Anticyclones
		Cyclone: a weather system characterized by relatively low surface pressure compared with the surrounding air; surface winds blow counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) and inward that is associated with convergence, and therefore rising motion, cloudiness, and precipitation.
		Cyclonic circulation causes a meridional wave to form along the front, known as wave cyclone, during mature stage of a cyclone.
		A tendency to clear sky is evident to the west of the center where precipitation tapers off to showers as the cyclone moves toward northeast, while the leading of cold air located south of the cyclone center is accompanied by a narrow band of showers, and embedded thunderstorms.
	www.research.umbc.edu /~tokay/chapter11.html (2526 words)

	Cyclone (glossary definition)
		Cyclone (depression, low, low-pressure area) Area in the atmosphere in which the pressures are lower than those of the surrounding region at the same level.
		It is represented on a synoptic chart by a system of isobars at a specified altitude level (or a system of contours at a specified pressure level) which enclose relatively low values of pressure (or altitude).
		A wave (young) cyclone forms and moves along a front.
	nsidc.org /arcticmet/glossary/cyclone.html (105 words)

	Tropical cyclone
		In meteorology, a tropical cyclone is a type of low-pressure system which generally forms in the tropics.
		The cyclone is accompanied by thunderstorms, and a circulation of winds near the Earth's surface, which is clockwise in the Southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Northern hemisphere.
		Tropical cyclones with winds exceeding 33 metres a second are given names.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cy/Cyclonic_storm.html (801 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		An improved automated cyclone identification and tracking algorithm was developed to detect each cyclone in the study domain north of 30°N. The resulting climatology demonstrates that in the Arctic there are fewer, but stronger and shorter-lived, cyclones in winter, while summer cyclones are more numerous, but weaker and longer-lived.
		The linear trend of CAI anomalies indicates that Arctic cyclone activity increased during the second half of the 20th century, while midlatitude activity decreased from 1960 through the early 1990s.
		Superimposed on the linear trend are the significant low-frequency variations, including a 7-8-year oscillation, which are evidence of decadal and interannual associations involving Arctic cyclone activity, the NAO, and alternations between the cyclonic and anticyclonic regimes of Arctic sea-ice and oceanic motion.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ftp/jing/Zhang_BAMS.doc (479 words)

	Cyclone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In meteorology, a cyclone refers to the rotation of a volume of air about an area of low atmospheric pressure.
		Cyclones are responsible for a wide variety of different meteorological phenomena such as hurricanes and tornadoes.
		Extratropical cyclones lie somewhere in between tropical cyclones and mid-latitude cyclones, drawing a portion of their energy through the evaporation and condensation of ocean water, and some if it through horizontal temperature gradients in the atmosphere.
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /info/cyclone.html (712 words)

	Byrkjedal Abstract. Arctic Workshop 2006: 36th Annual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Winter is dominated by Aleutian and Icelandic lows, while in summer these centers are accompanied by the third center called the “Arctic frontal zone” located along the coasts of Siberia and propagating into the Arctic Ocean.
		As expected, correlations are the highest for the Nordic Seas in winter and Lena River basin in summer for both cyclone track counts and cyclone intensities.
		Cyclones are expected to play a significant role in bringing precipitation into the Arctic.
	instaar.colorado.edu /AW/abstract_detail.php?abstract_id=81 (468 words)

	IPY: Full Proposal Details
		An observational system will be set up with the aim to improve the understanding of the large-scale circulation of the Arctic Ocean and its vertical and lateral exchanges as well as the communication between central basins and the shelves.
		Dr R. Doescher is involved in several EU FP consortia and expert in numerical modelling in particular for the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions.
		There is a developing interest by the Asian nations not bordering the Arctic, but interested in the climate change impacts as they influence their own countries climate and natural system.
	www.ipy.org /development/eoi/proposal-details.php?id=40 (2715 words)

	Camp Borneo, the most northern runway in the world
		New cyclones were forming and there was a small window of opportunity to have all three airports at Camp Borneo, Sredney Island and Khatanga open at the same time.
		The ice, this year, was thinner than on previous years and leaving the heavy aircraft on the ice in combination with the oceans turbulence from the cyclones was making the runway very unstable and there was very much danger of further cracks that could leave us totally stranded.
		When you go on an arctic adventure, you are dressed with EXP Extreme Exposure Protection gear, so you may get cool, but never freeze.
	www.yellowairplane.com /North_Pole_2002/On_the_North_Pole_1.html (2833 words)

	TEST 2 ANSWERS
		In Arctic and Antarctic regions the thermocline is situated deeper than in other regions
		Arctic air masses originate from continental regions, whereas a Polar air masses originate over oceans
		Arctic air masses originate over Arctic oceans and nearby land, whereas Polar air masses form over a distinct latitude zone from 50 to 60 degrees latitude
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~benbow/test2n.html (1188 words)

	Pictures of an Arctic twister, cyclone, Hits Khatanga, total whiteout
		A series of pictures of an Siberian Arctic cyclone which envelopes the city of Khatanga, Russia.
		That smooth white cloud was the spiral arm of an Arctic Cyclone.
		As you know when a fog that rolls in down here is in a gray form, but up in the Arctic the fog is pure white and that's why they call it a Whiteout.
	www.yellowairplane.com /North_Pole_2002/Khatanga_23.html (446 words)

	The St. Petersburg Times - Top Stories - October Surprise Could Be Repeated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		However, these conditions yielded to an Arctic cyclone that arrived in the area thanks to the onset of winter, Musamandi said.
		The cyclone brought cold weather, snow and frost.
		On the first day of the cyclone, snowfall caused more enormous traffic jams as snow ploughs were brought into service to clear the city’s roads.
	www.sptimes.ru /story/15953 (450 words)

	ATLANTIS & the Atlantic Ocean - Atlantis Rising
		In meteorology, a tropical cyclone (informally, a typhoon or hurricane) is a type of low-pressure system which generally forms in the tropics.
		The primary energy source of a tropical cyclone is the release of heat of condensation from water condensing at high altitudes.
		A 100-mph tropical cyclone hit the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on November 13, 1970, which killed an estimated 500,000 people (this is regarded as the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster).
	forums.atlantisrising.com /ubb/Forum1/HTML/000958-3.html (12979 words)

	Arctic Cyclone Track Data Set, 1966-1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This data set comprises a 28-year record (1 May 1966 through 31 December 1993) of twice-daily extra tropical cyclone statistics for the Northern Hemisphere.
		Data were obtained from application of the updated Serreze (1995) algorithm to National Meteorological Center (NMC) sea level pressure (SLP) fields for the 47x51 octagonal grid.
		The data set includes the position and central pressure of each cyclone, whether the observation represents a cyclogenesis or cyclolysis event (from the first and last observation of each system), and the local Laplacian (105 mb m-2) and sea level pressure tendency (SLPT) (mb (12h-1)) at each cyclone center.
	nsidc.org /data/arcss003.html (132 words)

	ARCSS Data Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		These data sets are archived by and distributed via the Arctic System Science (ARCSS) Data Coordination Center at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the permanent data archive for all components of the ARCSS Program.
		Circulation in the Freshwater Switchyard of the Arctic Ocean: Helicopter CTD Profile Data 2003-2005
		Heterotrophic Bacteria and Protists in the Upper Water Column of the Central Arctic Ocean
	arcss.colorado.edu /data/arcss_projects.html (878 words)

	Arctic Climate Project - May 10, 2001 Meeting Minutes
		A certificate in Arctic System Sciences with a capstone class in global change specific to the Arctic.
		Arctic cyclone tracking dataset (1966-1993, will be extending this dataset)
		COADS (Compreshensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset, Arctic subset (1950-1995), Dataset contains: marine, surface, and weather reports for the region north of 65N from ships, drifting ice stations, and buoys.
	www.colorado.edu /Research/HARC/meet051001.html (1440 words)

	Severe Weather
		Weather photography with over 4300 weather photos catalogued, tropical cyclones and maps, storm news newsletter, storm chasing, tornado, flood and thunderstorms reports, weather observations and observation techniques, links to the latest satellite images and weather maps and Australian weather pages and data.
		Students are updated on the weather situation though out the journey and have opportunities to cease or continue the journey at various points.
		A Derecho is a widespread and long-lived windstorm that is associated with a fast-moving band of severe thunderstorms
	cybersleuth-kids.com /sleuth/Weather/Severe_Weather/index.htm (283 words)

	IABP Citations
		Chen, Y., J.A. Francis, J.R. Miller: Surface temperature of the Arctic: comparison of TOVS satellite retrievals with surface observations, J. of Climate, v 15, n 24, 15 Dec. 2002, p 3698-708.
		Konyayev, K.V.; Plueddemann, A.; Sabinin, K.D. Internal tide on the Yermak Plateau in the Arctic Ocean.
		Kreyscher, Martin, Dynamics of Arctic sea ice: validation of different rheology schemes for the use in climate models, Bremerhaven, Germany, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and, Marine Research, 1998.
	iabp.apl.washington.edu /Citations (5016 words)

	Tropical cyclone frequency - Maps and Graphics at UNEP/GRID-Arendal
		Tropical cyclone frequency - Maps and Graphics at UNEP/GRID-Arendal
		Precipitation changes: trends over land from 1900 to 2000
		See citation styles and templates for Tropical cyclone frequency
	maps.grida.no /go/graphic/tropical_cyclone_frequency (264 words)

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