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Topic: Arctic oscillation

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	UW scientists say Arctic oscillation might carry evidence of global warming
		Significant changes in the Arctic oscillation during the last 30 years have influenced temperature and precipitation patterns throughout the Northern Hemisphere, said John Wallace, a UW atmospheric sciences professor, and graduate student David Thompson.
		In recent years, the Arctic oscillation seems to have been stuck in its positive phase most of the time, said Wallace, who will present evidence of the phenomenon June 3 in the Charney Lecture during the American Geophysical Union's spring meeting in Boston.
		The Arctic oscillation is a pattern in which atmospheric pressure in northern latitudes switches, or oscillates randomly, between positive and negative phases.
	www.washington.edu /newsroom/news/1999archive/06-99archive/k060199.html (843 words)

	Study of Climate Change in the Arctic - Bond, Overland, Soreide
		Examples are the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation, whose consequences include phenomena such as increases or decreases in the severity of winter weather, frequency or severity of winter storms, volume of river runoff, and stocks of various important fishes.
		The Arctic Oscillation (AO) appears to be the cause for much of the recent changes that have occurred in the Arctic.
		The Pacific side of the Arctic is also significantly influenced by an inter-related pair of modes, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Index (NPI).
	www.arctic.noaa.gov /essay_bond.html (1761 words)

	Evidence mounts for Arctic Oscillation's impact on northern climate
		The Arctic Oscillation is a seesaw pattern in which atmospheric pressure at polar and middle latitudes fluctuates between positive and negative phases.
		When the oscillation changes phases, the strengthening or weakening of the circulation around the pole tends to begin in the stratosphere and work its way down through lower levels of the atmosphere.
		However, Wallace, Thompson and Baldwin argue that the North Atlantic Oscillation is in fact part of the Arctic Oscillation, which involves atmospheric circulation in the entire hemisphere.
	www.washington.edu /newsroom/news/1999archive/12-99archive/k121699.html (637 words)

	Shrinking Arctic Tells Many Stories
		Researchers suspect that loss of Arctic sea ice may be caused partly by global warming and partly by changing atmospheric pressure and wind patterns over the Arctic that move sea ice around, which also help to warm Arctic temperatures.
		When the oscillation is in its positive phase, as it has been generally over the last 20 years, air pressure tends to be low over the Arctic Ocean.
		The Arctic oscillation was in a positive phase the previous winter and appears to have played a role.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/arctic-03g.html (2237 words)

	On the Response of Sea Ice to the Arctic Oscillation
		On the Response of Sea Ice to the Arctic Oscillation
		Many of the changes in Arctic climate have been linked to changes in the Arctic Oscillation (AO, Thompson and Wallace 1998), whose index is defined as the leading principal component (PC) of Northern Hemisphere SLP.
		Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields.
	iabp.apl.washington.edu /SeaIceAO (651 words)

	Scientists zero in on Arctic, hemisphere-wide climate swings
		Advances in understanding arctic climate change are particularly timely, with some studies indicating that the recent trend in the Arctic Oscillation results partly from human activities that generate greenhouse gases and sulfate particles, and deplete stratospheric ozone.
		Although their models portray realistic day-to-day and month-to-month variations in the Arctic Oscillation, they fail to capture the magnitude of the longer term trend in the Arctic Oscillation that was observed from 1970 to 2000.
		The Arctic Oscillation was first described in a 1998 article by David Thompson, then a graduate student at the UW and now an assistant professor at Colorado State University, and John M. Wallace, a UW professor.
	www.light-science.com /arcticclimate.html (790 words)

	The Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Weather Patterns
		The Arctic Oscillation refers to opposing atmospheric pressure patterns in northern middle and high latitudes.
		The oscillation exhibits a "negative phase" with relatively high pressure over the polar region and low pressure at midlatitudes (about 45 degrees North), and a "positive phase" in which the pattern is reversed.
		Starting in the 1970s, however, the oscillation has tended to stay in the positive phase, causing lower than normal arctic air pressure and higher than normal temperatures in much of the United States and northern Eurasia.
	nsidc.org /arcticmet/patterns/arctic_oscillation.html (226 words)

	uwnews.org \| University of Washington News and Information
		When the Arctic Oscillation is in the positive phase (left), a ring of strong winds circulating around the pole acts to dam up cold Arctic air within the polar regions.
		The Arctic Oscillation -- also referred to as the North Atlantic Oscillation or the annular mode -- is a climate pattern defined by winds circulating counterclockwise around the Arctic at about 55 degrees north latitude (about even with Moscow; Belfast, Northern Ireland; and Ketchikan, Alaska).
		In its negative phase, the Arctic Oscillation's ring of air spins more slowly and is more easily disturbed, allowing cold arctic air to spill out of the far-north regions and into midlatitudes.
	www.uwnews.org /article.asp?articleID=3187 (768 words)

	Arctic Change: Climate Indicators - Arctic Oscillation
		The Arctic Oscillation (AO), shown below, is an important Arctic climate index with positive and negative phases, which represents the state of atmospheric circulation over the Arctic.
		The Arctic Oscillation and polar vortex - from the University of Washington
		The Arctic Oscillation's impact on northern climate - from the University of Washington
	www.arctic.noaa.gov /detect/climate-ao.shtml (234 words)

	Print the story
		Extreme changes in the Arctic Oscillation in the early 1990s -- and not warmer temperatures of recent years -- are largely responsible for declines in how much sea ice covers the Arctic Ocean, with near record lows having been observed during the last three years, University of Washington researchers say.
		The Arctic Oscillation was in an extreme "high," or positive, phase in the early '90s and is generally in a moderate phase today.
		The fluctuations in the Arctic Oscillation to its positive phase set the stage for the recent reductions in ice extent, and Rigor and Wallace think low summer sea-ice extents are likely to persist for at least a few years.
	www.physorg.com /printnews.php?newsid=2422 (695 words)

	Top Story - WEATHER FORECASTERS MAY LOOK SKY-HIGH FOR ANSWERS - October 18, 2001
		When the winds are weak in the stratosphere, the Arctic Oscillation is weak in the 60 days that follow, and that moves the paths of storms further south in the northern hemisphere, as depicted by the solid red line on the figure.
		The Arctic Oscillation, also called the North Atlantic Oscillation, is most pronounced over the Atlantic, and affects the strength of the winds through mid-latitudes, storm tracks, as well as extreme cold events in North America and Eurasia.
		When the winds are weak in the stratosphere, the arctic oscillation is weak in the 60 days that follow, and that moves the paths of storms further south in the northern hemisphere.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20011018windsurface.html (795 words)

	Pinatubo eruption tests arctic circulation's impact on climate
		A positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation has slowly strengthened over the few last decades and has been associated in prior research with observed climate warming.
		A positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation is associated with strengthening of winds circulating counterclockwise around the North Pole north of 55Â°N, that is, roughly in line with Moscow, Belfast, and Ketchikan, Alaska.
		In previous research, an observed positive Arctic Oscillation trend has been attributed to greenhouse warming that led to an increase of stratospheric temperature differences between equator and pole.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-03/nsfc-pet031203.php (662 words)

	Arctic oscillation Newsletter 14
		The well-known teleconnection pattern known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may be regarded as the manifestation of the AO in the Atlantic sector, and maps of the AO and NAO over the Atlantic half of the Northern Hemisphere are nearly identical.
		Spatial signatures of the Arctic Oscillation at 10, 30, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 700, and 1000hPa.
		Baldwin, M.P., and T.J. Dunkerton, Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere, J. Geopys.
	www.aero.jussieu.fr /~sparc/News14/14_Baldwin.html (4186 words)

	Changes in the Arctic: Consequences for the World
		However, significant changes in the Arctic environment, especially those over the past decade, could lead to dramatic swings in weather and climate patterns across the rest of the globe, with potentially far-reaching consequences for ecosystems and human populations.
		The paper, "Recent Arctic Sea Ice Variability: Connections to the Arctic Oscillation and the ENSO," was published in the May 2004 issue of Geophysical Research Letters.
		The Arctic is so important to the world's climate because it acts as the "collection bed" for the world's excess energy.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/iceage-05c.html (1887 words)

	Arctic Oscillation (glossary definition)
		Arctic Oscillation An atmospheric circulation pattern in which the atmospheric pressure over the polar regions varies in opposition with that over middle latitudes (about 45 degrees North) on time scales ranging from weeks to decades.
		During the months of January through March it extends upward into the stratosphere where it modulates in the strength of the westerly vortex that encircles the Arctic polar cap region.
		The North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation are different ways of describing the same phenomenon.
	nsidc.org /arcticmet/glossary/arctic_oscillation.html (101 words)

	AW2002 Abstract: Carter
		We used river discharge data from the R-ArcticNET Hydrographic Data Network to calculate the average river runoff for the entire Arctic, in particular for regions where there are no glaciers, or where glacier area is negligibly small, in order to compare the contributions of both components to the Arctic Ocean.
		In conclusion, these comparisons show that the cumulative effect of Arctic glacier volume loss (Greenland ice sheet not included) exceeded the cumulative contribution of river runoff to the Arctic Ocean from the early 1980’s to 1998.
		This indicates that river contribution to the Arctic Ocean and glacier contribution to the Arctic Ocean are intimately related to each other and to climate change, but determining the extent of the interplay of these variables will require further study.
	www.colorado.edu /INSTAAR/ArcticWS/get_abstr.html?id=50 (778 words)

	A cold, hard look at a telltale region \| csmonitor.com
		Over the past 50 years, temperatures in key Arctic regions have risen by up to 7 degrees F. The also noted that summer sea ice has declined dramatically, Arctic glaciers are rapidly receding, permafrost is thawing, and warmer waters from the North Atlantic are reaching farther into the Arctic Ocean basin.
		Indeed, the Arctic Oscillation appears to be coming out of a strong phase that has lasted roughly a decade, giving researchers a look at a dynamic region once thought to be fairly static.
		First described in 1998 by David Thompson and John Wallace, atmospheric scientists at the University of Washington at the time, the Arctic Oscillation is a measure of air-pressure patterns in the Arctic.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/1118/p15s02-sten.htm (1354 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Report says Arctic rapidly warming
		A study released yesterday said the annual average amount of sea ice in the Arctic has decreased by about 8 percent in the past 30 years, resulting in the loss of 386,100 square miles of sea ice — an area bigger than Texas and Arizona combined.
		The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was a four-year study by 300 scientists in eight nations bordering the Arctic, including the United States.
		Large sections of the report deal with problems faced by indigenous Arctic people, who tell of hunters falling through melting sea ice, declining reindeer herds and difficulty traveling in roadless regions with no snow for their snowmobiles and sleds.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002085775_arctic09.html (579 words)

	Written Statement on the role of the National Oceanic and Atmospher
		NOAA now believes the Arctic Oscillation, described to you yesterday, is nearly as important as the El Nino phenomenon in controlling temperatures in the eastern U.S. Other factors, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the recently described Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation also may be significant modes for influencing our nation's weather and climate.
		The linkages between the Arctic Oscillation and other modes of variability in the atmosphere and oceans are the subjects of current NOAA research.
		Because the Arctic may be affected most strongly by climate change under the global warming scenarios of the IPCC, we must build the high quality data base needed to describe how the environment of the Arctic evolves over the next several decades.
	www.ogc.doc.gov /ogc/legreg/testimon/107f/gudes0529.htm (7556 words)

	ScienceDaily: Evidence Mounts For Arctic Oscillation's Impact On Northern Climate
		Scientists Zero In On Arctic, Hemisphere-Wide Climate Swings (August 30, 2002) -- In the late 1990s, as scientists were reaching consensus that the Arctic had gone through 30 years of significant climate change, they began reading the first published papers about the Arctic...
		Arctic Oscillation Has Moderated Northern Winters Of 1980s And '90s (July 10, 2001) -- The Arctic Oscillation has been linked to wide-ranging climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere, but new evidence shows that in recent decades it has been the key in preventing freezing...
		UW Scientists Say Arctic Oscillation Might Carry Evidence Of Global Warming (June 3, 1999) -- For years, scientists have known that Eurasian weather turns on the whim of a climate phenomenon called the North Atlantic oscillation.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/1999/12/991220082147.htm (2018 words)

	Earth Voice News Magazine
		Arctic Oscillation refers to two patterns of atmospheric pressure that occur in the region between the north pole and north mid-latitudes.
		The oscillation operates independent of other major weather factors such as El Niño, and changes in the oscillation can explain much of what has been happening in the Northern Hemisphere climate.
		In another announcement at the meeting with major implications for climate-change study, researchers said new data indicate that the dirt and soot humans put in the air are as important as greenhouse gases in driving global warming.
	www.angelfire.com /zine/earthvoice/indx.html (669 words)

	Arctic Oscillation (AO)
		Arctic Oscillation (AO) and for the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a close relative of the AO.
		The "high index" of the AO is defined as periods of below normal Arctic SLP, enhanced surface westerlies in the north Atlantic, and warmer and wetter than normal conditions in northern Europe.
		Thompson, D. J., and J. Wallace, 1998: The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields.
	www.jisao.washington.edu /ao (258 words)

	Arctic sea ice melting faster - Science - MSNBC.com
		The satellite image on the left shows the minimum concentration of Arctic sea ice in 1979, while the image on the right shows the concentration of sea ice recorded on Sept. 21.
		New satellite observations show that sea ice in the Arctic is melting faster while air temperatures in the region are rising sharply, scientists say.
		During the 1990s, a cyclical atmospheric circulation pattern called the Arctic Oscillation was believed to have been pushing sea ice out of the region and into adjacent waters.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9527485 (687 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Arctic heads into warmer future
		The Arctic is undergoing rapid and possibly irreversible change, according to a new report prepared for the eight nations which rim the region.
		It was commissioned by the Arctic Council, the intergovernmental forum for countries with territories inside the region's 30 million square km: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the US.
		As a consequence, the ACIA says, the current generation of Arctic young people is likely to receive a lifetime dose of ultraviolet radiation that is about 30% higher than any prior generation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3975805.stm (1031 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Record ice loss in Arctic
		Such a low-pressure system is characteristic of the Arctic Oscillation, an atmospheric sea-sawing that produces warm weather and is also partly responsible for this year's dramatic Arctic sea ice melt, according to Mark Serreze, a researcher at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado.
		To what extent these may be human-induced changes is very difficult to say, and Arctic Oscillation itself is subject to human influence, he said.
		In total, the arctic warming is an unprecedented trend, according to Dr Hinzman.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/2558319.stm (657 words)

	Arctic Oscillation has moderated northern winters of 1980s and '90s
		The Arctic Oscillation has been linked to wide-ranging climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere, but new evidence shows that in recent decades it has been the key in preventing freezing temperatures from extending as far south as they had previously.
		The Arctic Oscillation — also referred to as the North Atlantic Oscillation or the annular mode — is a climate pattern defined by winds circulating counterclockwise around the Arctic at about 55 degrees north latitude (about even with Moscow; Belfast, Northern Ireland; and Ketchikan, Alaska).
		"It is conceivable that this change in the behavior of the Arctic Oscillation could be linked to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere," Thompson said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-07/aaft-aoh070301.php (645 words)

	Geotimes - January 2003 - Tales from a warming Arctic
		The Arctic Oscillation, a large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern, might be partially to blame.
		In its positive phase in the winter, the oscillation fosters ice break-up along the coast, preconditioning the area for summer ice loss.
		The oscillation has been stuck for decades in a strong positive phase, and the pet theory now for why, Serreze says, places the responsibility on ozone depletion — yet another piece of evidence, he adds, that humans are playing a part in the changes in the Arctic.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/jan03/NN_arctic.html (688 words)

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