Arctic vegetation - Factbites

Arctic vegetation - Factbites
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Topic: Arctic vegetation

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In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Arctic Tern Habitat Model
		Arctic terns seem to avoid islands with shrubs or other woody vegetation, and nest where the vegetation is short or sparse at the time the nest site is chosen (Hawksley 1957).
		Partitioning of foraging habitat by breeding Sabine's Gulls and Arctic Terns.
		Arctic terns feed on flying insects, (Hawksley 1957), amphipods (Abraham and Ankney 1984), euphausids, and small fishes (Braune and Gaskin 1982), in mixed flocks with common and roseate terns (Andrews 1993).
	www.fws.gov /r5gomp/gom/habitatstudy/metadata/arctic_tern_model.htm (662 words)

	Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - References
		Edlund, S.A. Legends for vegetation of Canadian arctic islands and adjacent mainland.
		Edlund, S.A. Modern arctic vegetation distribution and its congruence with summer climate patterns.
		Nordal, I., and Laane M.M. Cytology and reproduction in arctic Cochlearia.
	www.mun.ca /biology/delta/arcticf/_ca/www/refs.htm (11463 words)

	Untitled Document
		A Danilenko and Dr V Rumiantsev of Moscow State University to produce a map of the wildlife habitats of the Russian Arctic based on vegetation structure and biogeography.
		One part of the project, run by Dr Gareth Rees of SPRI, involves the use of satellite imagery to monitor the effects of atmospheric emissions from industrial smelters in the Kola Peninsula on the Arctic vegetation.
		Circumpolar Database on Terrestrial Migratory Species Much of the biological importance of the Arctic lies in the large populations of migratory birds, mostly waterfowl and waders, migrating from all parts in the world but breeding in the Arctic in the summer.
	www.wcmc.org.uk /arctic/objectives (11463 words)

	Western Arctic River Profiles
		This river is the jewel of the arctic.
		The river and area was traditionally used by Inuit as the river is a spawning grounds for arctic charr.
		Alpine tundra vegetation on the upper part of the river, gradually changing to boreal forest as the river approaches the Mackenzie River.
	www.inuvik.net /canoenwt/rivers2.html (920 words)

	Alaska Geobotany Center, Fairbanks, Alaska
		The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) project is an international effort to map the vegetation and associated characteristics of the circumpolar region, using a common base map.
		This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) project ( OPP - 9732076)
		AGC Home • Biocomplexity • Arctic Geobotanical Atlas • CAVM • ATLAS • Publications • Education
	www.geobotany.uaf.edu /cavm (920 words)

	Arctic and The Eskimos
		During winter, the whole area is normally covered by ice and temperature easily reaches -60° C. During summer, the tundra is the main vegetation and, in the warmest parts of the Arctic, shrubs, willow, and birch can be found.
		The Arctic is the region around the North Pole, usually understood as the area within the Arctic Circle.
		It is found throughout the Arctic, usually on tundra.
	www.geographicguide.com /arctic.htm (796 words)

	Shrews
		Shrews are aggressive, irritable, and nervous in nature; their diet consists of insects, earthworms, grubs, other invertebrates and mice, as well as berries and soft vegetation.
		Shrew’s gestation period lasts from eighteen to twenty-two days and litters range from four to ten in number, with the young typically being on their own within three weeks of birth.
		Shrew’s breed early in the year and many species have more than one litter in a year.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /western/shrews.html (796 words)

	New Siberian Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The surface of the islands is covered with arctic tundra vegetation and numerous lakes.
		New Siberian Islands (Russian: Новосиби́рские острова́), an archipelago, located to the North of the East Siberian coast between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea north of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.
		To the south and nearer to the Siberian mainland lie the Lyakhovskiye Islands (6,100 km²).
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/New_Siberian_Islands (330 words)

	wolf.html
		Wolf numbers tend to decrease as the herds are thinned and hunting success diminishes, allowing the natural vegetation to recover, and individual herd members are better fed and able to evade the attacking wolves.
		The gray wolf, commonly referred to as tundra wolf or timber wolf, is the largest of all wild canids, although its size varies noticeably throughout its large range including Minnesota, Michigan and Montana in the United States and many remote areas of Canada, Alaska and Europe.
		The wolf has been persecuted, especially in the 20th century, because of its alleged threat to populations of wild ungulates that are desired for sport and subsistence hunting.
	home.globalcrossing.net /~brendel/wolf.html (1984 words)

	Arctic hare
		Arctic hares are nocturnal and crepuscular and most of the time are solitary animals.
		The arctic hare is large, up to 28 inches in length and weighing an average of 7 - 12 pounds.
		It prefers uneven terrain that has sheltered areas, with vegetation in summer and is relatively free of deep snow in the winter.
	www.wildcam.com /guides/critter.jsp?animalid=26 (357 words)

	C1-Forest Ecology Working Group
		The zone of low, arctic vegetation between the tree line of the taiga to the south and the region of perpetual ice and snow.
		Vegetation classes where 75% or more of the diagnostic vegetation is made up of tree or shrub species that shed foliage simultaneously in response to an "unfavorable" season.
		Others apply it to vegetation which they conceived to be stable only as long as the environment remains unchanged or to vegetation which changes only in response to changes in climate and/or soil substrate that are slow relative to the rate of plant succession.
	soilslab.cfr.washington.edu /S-7/EcolGlos.html (357 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra (NA1113)
		Low arctic tundra covers the ice-free coastal region of southern Greenland, mostly covered in stunted vegetation, yet teeming with wildflowers such as chamomile, dandelion, harebell, and Arctic poppies, and also wild berries in the lowland areas during summer.
		Arctic ecosystems are inherently fragile, due in part to the simplicity of their systems and to the fact that many of the organisms present are existing close to the limits of their survival.
		Greenland’s climate is arctic with the exception of the inner fjord region of the extreme southwestern coast.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na1113_full.html (2509 words)

	The Arctic: the ocean, sea ice, icebergs, and climate
		The Arctic Basin receives a large amount of fresh water from the large rivers on the surrounding continents (mainly the MacKenzie in Canada and the Ob, the Yenisey and the Lena in Siberia), and during the short summer these freshwater sources spread out over large areas.
		Much of the Arctic seasonal variation in ice cover can be found in the Bering Sea (mainly adjacent to the continents, and south to the Aleutian Islands), and in the Sea of Okhotsk, as far south as 42ºN, near Hokkaido, Japan.
		There is some evidence that the Arctic sea-ice cover has decreased about 6% during the last two decades, and that the mean ice thickness has decreased as well.
	www-das.uwyo.edu /~geerts/cwx/notes/chap17/arctic.html (1595 words)

	hare on Encyclopedia.com
		Members of most species rest in shallow hollows, called forms, that they make in vegetation; they have regular trails from these forms to their feeding spots.
		Hares live in meadows, brushy country, and woodland clearings; they are largely nocturnal although they may forage in the day if undisturbed.
		Unlike rabbits, hares are born covered with fur and with their eyes open.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/h1/hare.asp (634 words)

	Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Mapping (CAVM)
		The attendees agreed to compile, edit, and publish a CAVM depicting the distribution and boundaries of Arctic vegetation north of the Arctic treeline at a scale of approximately 1:7,500,000.
		A geobotanical database and derived maps of the circumpolar arctic tundra and polar desert region.
		The International Arctic Science Committee and the CAFF project have recognized the CAVM as a priority research item, and numerous organizations including the United Nations Educational Program Global Resource Information Database at Arendal, Norway are devoted to developing spatial databases for the circumpolar region.
	mapping-ak.wr.usgs.gov /research/cavm/cavm.html (634 words)

	Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map
		The December 2002 draft version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) defines the spatial extent of dominant vegetation in terms of the dominant plant growth forms and physiognomy.
		The December 2002 draft version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) shows dominant vegetation, described in terms of the dominant plant growth forms and physiognomy of the dominant vegetation in each mapped polygon.
		In an ecological sense, physiognomy is the structure or appearance of a vegetation community, or the frequency distribution of plant life form -- a generic plant type such as tree, shrub, perennial herb with buds, perenial herb with a tuber, or annual plant.
	nsidc.org /data/docs/fgdc/ggd639_vegetation_arctic (634 words)

	Arctic Studies Center - Resources - Glossary
		Tundra- the treeless vegetation type characteristic of the arctic region, having a marshy surface where mosses, lichens, berries and low shrubs grow with mucky soil and permafrost underneath.
		Dorset- the most recent of the Paleo-Eskimo cultures in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland, dating from 500 BC to 1400 AD.
		Sea ice- During the winter, large sections of the Arctic ocean and adjacent seas freeze into patches of ice.
	www.mnh.si.edu /arctic/html/resources_glossary.html (1356 words)

	Arctic Archipelago
		Glaciers and ice caps are common in the Arctic Archipelago Ecozone and trap the majority of the freshwater, rendering it unusable to plants and animals.
		Freshwater in the Arctic Archipelago Ecozone is found in glaciers, ice caps, streams, lakes, and wetlands.
		Few organisms can survive arctic waters and ice cover for 10 months of the year, and so many of the large-sized species that occur here, such as swans and Canada geese, are migratory.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpe/environments/inland_water/fresharchipelago.htm (1356 words)

	Nordic Culture > Svalbard and Spitsbergen, Arctic Circle, Norway - Scandinavica.com
		Two thirds of the archipelago are permanently covered by ice, snow and glaciers, and there is practically no vegetation on the island.
		This is a very challenging experience, given the extreme Arctic climate, the absence of any human assistance outside the settlements, and the high risk of encountering polar bears.
		Svalbard is a Norwegian dependency run by a Governor and therefore all the settlements in the archipelago are under Norwegian jurisdiction.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/travel/svalbard.htm (1356 words)

	Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago - References
		Kuc, M. Influence of the Crusoe Glacier on the adjoing vegetation (W-Central Axel Heiberg Island) Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
		Nordal, I., and Laane M.M. Cytology and reproduction in arctic Cochlearia.
		MacInnes, K.I. and Cavers, P.B. Reproduction in Arctic populations of Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae).
	www.mun.ca /biology/delta/arcticf/car/www/refs.htm (1356 words)

	Development of a Regional Climate System Model of the Western Arctic
		A regional atmospheric climate model has been adapted and configured for a western Arctic domain, and is being used as the basis for the Arctic Region Climate System Model (ARCSyM), which will include ice dynamics and thermodynamics, ocean circulation and salinity, and detailed land surface and vegetation representations.
		She joined the Geophysical Institute in August 1992, and has been developing a regional Arctic climate system model (ARCSyM) for the study of ocean-ice-atmosphere and land-atmosphere interactions and the impact of polar processes upon both the global climate and local weather.
		Because this model includes many complex processes in the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean, her group is one of the largest users of CPU at the Arctic Region Supercomputer Center, home of the Cray Y-MP M98/41024 denali, a Cray T3D and five advanced visualization laboratories based on Silicon Graphics Onyx reality engines.
	www.osc.edu /press/releases/1995/March_Colloq.shtml (465 words)

	WWF - Cruise industry poses risk to arctic archipelago
		Erosion of fragile Arctic vegetation caused by tourist visits ashore, waste disposal, and sewage are also problems.
		Svalbard, Norway - Arctic cruise tourism is posing a serious threat to the environment, according to a new WWF report that urges the cruise industry to reduce oil pollution risks in Norway's pristine Svalbard archipelago.
		Svalbard is an important breeding ground for many species of Arctic migratory birds, as well as a feeding area for walrus and whales, and a major denning site for polar bears.
	panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/arctic/news/news.cfm?uNewsID=16410 (465 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert (PA1109)
		These relatively flat arctic islands are among the least known in the world.
		Red knots are chunky shorebirds that prefer the mud flats and sandy beaches of arctic islands.
		Areas of tundra are created on all the islands by permafrost, with vegetation containing dwarf-shrub, moss, grass communities, and willow species.
	nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1109.html (328 words)

	Natural Selection: subject gateway to the natural world
		The Arctic Museum has sections on 'art, photography and anthropology', and there is an active Arctic forum.
		The Circumpolar Arctic Geobotanical Atlas is a collection of maps organised in a four dimensional framework: horizontal, vertical, depth and time.
		The maps can be searched either by area of interest, or by the following themes: vegetation, geology and geomorphology, hydrology, soils, topography and landforms, false-colour images, with glaciology currently under construction (August 2004).
	nature.ac.uk /browse/578.0998.html (795 words)

	Researchers publish Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map
		The front of the map shows the circumpolar Arctic color-coded according to the outward appearance of the vegetation and includes color photographs of the various units.
		Institute of Arctic Biology (IAB) researcher Donald (Skip) Walker and an international team of Arctic vegetation scientists have published the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) — the first map of an entire global biome at such a level of detail.
		The map covers the Arctic bioclimate subzone - the region north of the Arctic tree line, with an arctic climate, arctic flora, and tundra vegetation.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-12/uoaf-rpc120803.php (795 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Nunavut
		Overall, the arctic climate is the coldest of all climates; its summers are the coolest on Earth, and its winters are extremely cold.
		Wolves follow the large caribou herds that graze on the lush tundra vegetation during the summer and on the shrubs, grasses, and lichens found in the forests south of Nunavut in the winter.
		The highest elevation in the Arctic Lands is at the summit of Barbeau Peak.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761554898__1/Nunavut.html (795 words)

	WWF Newsroom
		Erosion of fragile Arctic vegetation caused by tourist visits ashore, waste disposal, and sewage are also problems.
		Svalbard, Norway - Arctic cruise tourism is posing a serious threat to the environment, according to a new WWF report that urges the cruise industry to reduce oil pollution risks in Norway's pristine Svalbard archipelago.
		Svalbard is an important breeding ground for many species of Arctic migratory birds, as well as a feeding area for walrus and whales, and a major denning site for polar bears.
	www.panda.org /news_facts/newsroom/news.cfm?uNewsID=16410 (795 words)

	ARCTIC EARLY
		vegetation: true Arctic is tundra environment, treeless with low-growing sedges, grasses, mosses, lichen
		- in western Arctic, ASTt often appears as sharp replacement of Northern Archaic (Inuit replacement of Indians?), but ASTt cannot be derived from Northern Archaic
		- ASTt is thought to be antecdent to Norton culture (western Arctic) and Dorset and Thule (Eastern Arctic) -- in fact ASTt generally includes Dorset
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~coupland/ANT310/lectures/arctic1.htm (982 words)

	Lancaster and District Birdwatching Society Newsletter Alaska Bird and Wildlife
		Mammal highlights included a Red Fox bounding away through the vegetation, c.150 Caribou, although many were farmed animals, Arctic Ground Squirrel, Hoary Marmot, plus 11 Musk Ox on a nearby hilltop.
		An afternoon trek across the tundra in the arctic heat (must have been 70s F at least!) saw us more in need of sun block than fleeces and thermals.
		A pre-flight walk to have a last look over the pack ice produced 9 Seals on the ice, plus Pomerine, Long tailed and Arctic Skuas.
	www.birdtours.co.uk /ldbws/autumn2000/alaska2000.htm (1739 words)

	Lancaster and District Birdwatching Society Newsletter Alaska Bird and Wildlife
		Mammal highlights included a Red Fox bounding away through the vegetation, c.150 Caribou, although many were farmed animals, Arctic Ground Squirrel, Hoary Marmot, plus 11 Musk Ox on a nearby hilltop.
		An afternoon trek across the tundra in the arctic heat (must have been 70s F at least!) saw us more in need of sun block than fleeces and thermals.
		A pre-flight walk to have a last look over the pack ice produced 9 Seals on the ice, plus Pomerine, Long tailed and Arctic Skuas.
	www.birdtours.co.uk /ldbws/autumn2000/alaska2000.htm (1739 words)

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Topic: Arctic vegetation

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In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)