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Topic: Arctodus

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	HKHPE 53 04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		“Arctodus simus yukonensis, the extinct northern North American short-faced bear, is represented by an immature left humerus lacking its unfused proximal epiphysia, which was recovered from a point bar on the Ikpikpuk River, Alaska (69°41´N, This is the northernmost record of this bear.
		Arctodus simus is recorded from the northwest and usually west of the Mississippi on the interior plains (Kurtén and Anderson 1980).
		Arctodus’ legs were probably straighter and its feet planted more nearly parallel in contrast with the bowed legs and toed-in stance of Ursus (Harington 1991).
	hanskrause.de /HKHPE/hkhpe_53_04.htm (2720 words)

	ARCTODUS FOSSILS TEETH CLAWS
		This is a complete and perfect claw from Arctodus pristinus, the largest and most dangerous of the Short Faced bears as well as the largest land predator that lived during the Early Pleistocene in North America.
		Arctodus was a massive and terrible beast, the largest bear that ever lived in North America and exceeding in size and ferocity living Kodiaks, Grizzlies and Brown Bears.
		Arctodus had longer limbs and a leaner body with forward facing toes allowing this monstrous beast to run at great speeds to chase down and kill prey.
	www.paleodirect.com /lm49-006.htm (467 words)

	Arctodus simus
		The remains of the largest Arctodus have been found in Alaska and the Canadian Yukon, these are given the sub-species name yukonensis, which is the species I have depicted here.
		Arctodus had a characteristic short muzzle with no discernable forehead; the eye sockets were set wide apart and face forward and must have given Arctodus excellent vision.
		Arctodus was exceptionally long legged, and unlike modern bears, the toe bones of Arctodus articulate straight out in front so they were not pigeon-toed.
	www.keltationsart.com /arctodus.htm (395 words)

	HKHPE 53 06 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Arctodus inhabited Pleistocene ice-free refugia in Eastern Beringia (the northwestern limit of its range) until at least 20,000 BP.
		Arctodus was the largest bear and perhaps the largest species of terrestrial Carnivora that ever lived, yet it was characterized by a gracile post-cranial morphology and it was relatively long-legged.
		Even if one accepts a conservative estimate of 500 kg and 600 kg for an average female and male short-faced bear, respectively, this means that an average individual was nearly as massive as a small domestic horse and two to three times the mass of a modern, non-coastal grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis).
	hanskrause.de /HKHPE/hkhpe_53_06.htm (2130 words)

	ISGS: Arctodus simus Yukonensis
		Of the two North American short-faced bears, the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) was the largest; the biggest known skull being from the Yukon.
		Perhaps Arctodus brasiliensis (the smallest known Arctodus) lies near the ancestor that gave rise to South and North American branches of the genus.
		Arctodus simus may have scavenged and preyed on large herbivores, such as bison, muskoxen, caribou, deer, horses and ground sloths.
	www.isgs.uiuc.edu /faq/fossils/pdq263.html (1569 words)

	InfoHub - Arctodus - The Short Faced Bear
		Arctodus was a genus of large bears that lived in North America during the Pleistocene.
		One of the species is called Arctodus simus Yukonenis and it was the largest of all bears to ever live upon this planet.
		When Arctodus simus stood upright, it was 11 feet tall.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=3637 (260 words)

	Arctodus biography .ms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Arctodus seems to have been mainly a carnivore and was by far the most powerful land predator during the Ice Age in North America.
		It may have attacked bison, deer, and horses, but current research suggests it was more of a scavenger.
		Its long legs enabled Arctodus to range far and wide in search of carrion and its powerful bite enabled it to crack open bones to reach rich marrow.
	arctodus.biography.ms.cob-web.org:8888 (356 words)

	e^iπ + 1 = 0: April 2006
		The short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) was a freaking massive animal.
		Arctodus lived during the Ice Age, and it killed everything in its path.
		I knew someone who tried to mess with an Arctodus once, but he was devoured in seconds.
	eipiplusone.blogspot.com /2006_04_01_eipiplusone_archive.html (2558 words)

	Cave Paleontology
		The picture to the left is a giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) skeleton from an Ozark cave (Missouri).
		This painting of an Arctodus in the Ozarks was done by Natural History artist Carl Dennis Buell.
		For example, the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) and some types of ground sloths (e.g., Nothrotheriops and Megalonyx) appear to have used caves for denning and possibly torpor.
	faculty.etsu.edu /schubert/cavepage/cavepaleo2.htm (710 words)

	Cultural Resources Mineral Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The bear phalange from Mineral Hill Cave is much larger than the largest grizzly bear phalange in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, and fits with the size range of known Arctodus specimens, as well as known kodiak bear specimens.
		There is a known record of a brown bear as large as the Alaskan brown or kodiak bear from Labor-of-Love Cave near Ely, Nevada.
		This means that it is either the youngest Arctodus specimen known from North America, or it belongs to a very large brown bear as big as the kodiak bears of Alaska.
	www.nv.blm.gov /elko/images/cultural/figure31.htm (212 words)

	Arctodus simus - Pleistocene Animal - Art Print 13 x 19
		Arctodus simus - Pleistocene animal - Pleistocene epoch.
		Arctodus oil painting is in the art collection of Dinosaur Corporation.
		The mission of Dinosaur Corporation® is to support education and heighten the awareness of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals.
	store.dinosaurcorporation.com /quaternary10.html (105 words)

	Short Faced Bear Skull Bone Clones BC-114
		Arctodus simus (Cope-1897), which is more closely related to the Andean Bears, Tremarctos than to Ursus, have been found in several locations from Mexico to Alaska.
		Those specimens from Alaska, known as Arctodus simus yukonensis, are typically more robust than those specimens found in more southern latitudes.
		These bears were extremely large and weight estimates have been in excess of 1300 lbs.
	www.boneclones.com /BC-114.htm (253 words)

	PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM THE DOEDEN LOCAL FAUNA (ILLINOIAN/SANGAMONIAN?), YELLOWSTONE RIVER VALLEY, EASTERN MONTANA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Arctodus is represented by the distal half of a rugged humerus.
		Glossotherium (Paramylodon) harlani ranged from Irvingtonian to Rancholabrean and the size of the Arctodus humerus suggests A.
		Megalonyx jeffersonii appeared during Illinoian times, about 150 ka, which would make the fauna considerably younger but is still consistent with the geological evidence.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003RM/finalprogram/abstract_53111.htm (430 words)

	The Mammoth Site Museum's Discovery & History
		Dr. Larry Agenbroad has been Principal Investigator at the Mammoth Site since 1974 when the first mammoth bones were discovered.
		Pictured here in the exhibit hall with the Arctodus simus (giant short-faced bear) replica, Dr. Agenbroad has raised public awareness of the Ice Age and mammoths world-wide through his research and publications.
		Paleontology is the study of pre-existing life based on fossils.
	www.mammothsite.com /MammothSitePaleontology.html (263 words)

	Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Finally, you will learn about the mass extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago and see fossils of the ancient mammals of Oklahoma’s Ice Age.
		These include a Columbian mammoth; Arctodus, the short-faced bear; and Smilodon, the saber-toothed cat.
		When you leave this gallery, be sure to take a ride to the second floor in the “dino-vator” – a glass elevator that takes you up 26 feet to see the museum’s mighty Apatosaurus eye to eye.
	www.snomnh.ou.edu /exhibits/ancientlife.shtml (272 words)

	Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		With regard to the second item, the mere size of certain Irvington animals of long ago should affect your reconstruction of that ecosystem.
		For example, the Irvington bear, Arctodus, was truly a “monster”-much larger than any other bear, living or extinct.
		(This statement is made on the basis of discoveries to date; a bigger one might be found tomorrow.) Surely Arctodus occupied a different niche than would be the case if he had been the size of the small, modern honey bear of South America.
	www.msnucleus.org /gordon/Pleistocene/Interpretation2.html (1000 words)

	Short-Faced Bear
		It may have attacked bison, deer, and horses.
		This species ranged the high grasslands of western North America from Alaska to Mexico, while a lighter-built species (Arctodus pristinus) with smaller teeth inhabited the more heavily wooded Atlantic coastal region.
		The short-faced bear became extinct some 10,000 years ago, perhaps partly because some of its large prey died out earlier, and partly because of competition with the smaller, more herbivorous brown bears that entered North America from Eurasia.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/shrtbear.htm (130 words)

	Timothy H. Heaton
		In size the large species closely matches the extinct giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) as reported by Merriam and Stock (1925), Kurten (1967), and Emslie and Czaplewski (1985).
		However, the distal humerus, though somewhat eroded, appears to lack the entepicondylar foramen diagnostic of Arctodus, suggesting that the large bear is some species of Ursus.
		We believe that more material of the large species can be recovered from the deep fill that has fallen in from the surface, and we hope this additional material will allow us to make a full analysis of this enigmatic bear.
	www.usd.edu /~theaton/alaska/pubs/crp1992.html (942 words)

	Bulletin of the National Speleological Society Volume 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Volume 27 Number 3: 77-92 - July 1965
		Specimens representing no less than four individuals of Arctodus pristinus Leidy are reported from three cave sites in the Ozarks of Missouri.
		These specimens provide one nearly complete set of teeth, a dentary with all significant teeth, limb bones, and fore and hind foot elements for study.
	www.caves.org /pub/journal/PDF/V27/v27n3-Hawksley.htm (101 words)

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