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Topic: Ardashir I

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	AllRefer.com - Sassanid, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		The name of the dynasty was derived from Sassan, an ancestor of the founder of the dynasty, Ardashir I, who took and ruled Ctesiphon (224–40).
		Ardashir I was succeeded by his son Shapur I, who was victorious over Roman Emperor Valerian and ruled until 272.
		The next reign of importance was that of Shapur II (309–79), a period of particular significance and glory.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sassanid.html (384 words)

	Ardashir I of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ardashir I (early Middle Persian Arđaxšēr "Who has the Divine Order as his Kingdom"), also known as Ardashīr-i Pāpagān "Ardashir, son of Pāpağ" and as Artaxerxes, was ruler of Persia (226-241) and the founder of the Sassanid dynasty.
		Ardashir was born in the late 2nd century CE in Fars, a vassal kingdom of the Parthian Empire.
		Ardashir was an energetic king, responsible for the resurgence of Persia, the strengthening of Zoroastrianism, and the establishment of a dynasty that would endure for four centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ardashir_I_of_Persia (1246 words)

	History of Iran: Emperor Ardeshir and the cycle of history
		Ardashir is 'king or kings of Iran' and Shapur is 'king of kings of Iran and non-Iran'.
		Ardashir inherited the feudal organisation of the Arsacids which is clearly seen in the inscription.
		The fact that in inscriptions Ardashir is called the king of kings of Iran, but not of non-Iran, would imply that he did not appreciably advance his boundaries outside of Eranshahr which, of course, included Mesopotamia but not Armenia (according to the Paikuli inscription, line 8) and probably not the Kushan empire in the east.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/emperor_ardeshir_history1.php (4591 words)

	Ardashir I information - Search.com
		Ardashir I (early Middle Persian Arđaxšēr "Who has the Divine Order as his Kingdom"), also known as Ardashīr-i Pāpagān "Ardashir, son of Pāpağ" Ardeshiri Babakan, and as Artaxerxes, was ruler of Persia (226–241) and the founder of the Sassanid dynasty (226–651).
		Ardashir I was born in the late 2nd century in Balkh, a vassal kingdom of the Parthian Empire.
		Ardashir I was an energetic king, responsible for the resurgence of Persia, the strengthening of Zoroastrianism, and the establishment of a dynasty that would endure for four centuries.
	www.search.com /reference/Ardashir_I?redir=1 (1401 words)

	Ardashir I - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ardashir I (flourished 3rd century ad), king of Persia (224-241), founder of the Sassanid dynasty and grandson of Sassan, for whom the dynasty was...
		Ardashir III : the triumph of Islam : defeat of Sassanids: Umar I
		Ardashir I (early Middle Persian Arđaxšēr Who has the Divine Order as his Kingdom), also known as Ardashīr-i Pāpagān Ardashir, son of Pāpağ Ardeshiri Babakan, and as Artaxerxes, was ruler of...
	encarta.msn.com /Ardashir_I.html (272 words)

	ARDASHIR - Online Information article about ARDASHIR
		Ardashir, who was a zealous worshipper of Ahuramazda and in intimate connexion with the magian priests, established the orthodox Zoroastrian creed as the See also:
		Cyrus he is the son of a shepherd, his future greatness is predicted by dreams and visions, and by the calculations of astronomers he becomes a servant at the See also:
		genealogy of Ardashir has of course been connected with the Achaemenids, on whose behalf he exacts vengeance from the Parthians, and with the legendary kings of old Iran.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /APO_ARN/ARDASHIR.html (1261 words)

	Ardashir I of Persia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ardashir was born in the late (Click link for more info and facts about 2nd century) 2nd century CE in (A terrorist organization that seeks to overthrow the government dominated by Tutsi and to reinstitute Hutu control) Fars, a vassal kingdom of the (Click link for more info and facts about Parthian Empire) Parthian Empire.
		Given Armenia's traditional position as an ally of the Romans, Ardashir may have seen his primary opponent not in the Armenian and (A number of languages spoken in the Caucasus that have no known affiliations to languages spoken elsewhere) Caucasian troops he had faced, but in Rome and her (A large military unit) legions.
		However, hearing of the Roman plans to march on his capital at (Click link for more info and facts about Ctesiphon) Ctesiphon, Ardashir left only a token screening force in the north and met the enemy force that was advancing to the south, apparently defeating it in a decisive manner.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/ardashir_i_of_persia.htm (1292 words)

	ARDASHIR - LoveToKnow Article on ARDASHIR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		His empire is is quite different in character from the Parthian kingdom of the sacids, which had no national and religious basis but leant yards Hellenism, and whose organization had always been very se.
		Ardashir extirpated the whole race of the Arsacids, with exception of those princes who had found refuge in Armenia, ci in many wars, in which, however, as the Persian tradition)ws, he occasionally suffered heavy defeats, he succeeded in)jugating the greater part of Iran, Susiana and Babylonia.
		Under the tombs of Darius I. at Persepolis, on the surface of rock, Ardashir has sculptured his image and that of the god,uramazda (Ormuzd or Ormazd).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AR/ARDASHIR.htm (1471 words)

	Iranian History
		Two years later Ardashir was crowned in Ctesiphon as Ardashir I and became the founder of the Sasanian dynasty on the throne of Persia.
		The Sasanian empire replaced the Parthian and the main effort of Ardashir and the other Sasanian kings after him was to establish and preserve a strong state which would be characterized by the glory of the Achaemenid Kings.
		Shahpuhr I, Ardashir’s son, took advantage of the prosperity brought to the empire by his father and decided to wage a war against Rome.
	www.geocities.com /evenetis/iranhistory.html (1285 words)

	Ardashir and the Persians to 241 CE
		Ardashir announced that religion and kingship were brothers, and he said that his rule was the will of God.
		Ardashir had a Zoroastrian priest, Tansar, collect sacred texts of the Avesta - the Zoroastrian Bible - some of which is said to have been destroyed during the conquest of Alexander the Great.
		Ardashir had no experience ruling over a diversity of cultures, and he denied these people of different faiths the right to govern their own affairs.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch22-ard.htm (1111 words)

	An Introduction to Manichaeism - (CAIS at SOAS)
		The Sasanian Dynasty was established by Ardashir Papakan of the house of Sasan in the year 226 CE Ardashir headed the national revolt against the fratricidal struggles and the irreligious misrule of the Arsacid (Parthian) rulers of Iran.
		Ardashir and his followers believed that it was only by the restoration of the ancient religion that a stable rule could be established and the people made content.
		Ardashir himself was a priest, and his priesthood had been inherited from a long line of ancestors.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/iranian/Manichaeism/manichaeism.htm (5049 words)

	Ardashir I - Encyclopedia.com
		Ardashir established Zoroastrianism as the state religion and gave much power to the priestly caste.
		It was Alexander who had to retire, and though Alexander celebrated a triumph in Rome, Ardashir took Armenia, and Persian power was firmly established.
		He is sometimes called Ardashir Papakan, for his father, Papak.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Ardashir1.html (460 words)

	Pahlavi Texts: Kârnâmag î Ardashîr î Babagân ('Book of the Deeds of Ardashir ...
		Ardashir, son of Babag, founded the Sasanian dynasty in Iran, which lasted from 226 A.C to 652 A.C. "This is a short prose work, simple in style, probably written in Pars towards the end of the Sasanian period.
		(37) Ardashir became angry and spoke thus to the son of Ardavan: "It is not possible to appropriate the art and heroism (of another) through tyranny, unpleasantness, falsehood, and injustice.
		(22) The high-priest knew that Ardashir was full of wrath, and would have to repent it; so he did not allow the woman to be killed; (but) he conveyed her to his house, and kept her in concealment.
	www.avesta.org /mp/karname.htm (6793 words)

	Karnamak-e Ardashir-e Papakan
		And Ardashir, on reaching close to the elk, struck him with an arrow in such a manner that the arrow pierced through the belly as far as its feathers, passed through the other side, and the animal died instantly.
		Ardashir became angry and spoke thus to the son of Artabanus: "It is not possible to appropriate the art and heroism of another through tyranny, unpleasantness, falsehood, and injustice.
		One day, while Ardashir was seated by the horse-stalls, playing a tune on a drum, singing, and making other kinds of merriment, she beheld Ardashir, became enamored of him, and afterward frequently visited him, and formed friendship and love.
	irantarikh.com /persia/krnmak.htm (5228 words)

	:: We Are The Best :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ardashir I was the founder of the Sasanian dynasty.
		Ardashir was also successful militarily adding some of the Eastern territories back under the sway of Persia.
		Ardashir was simply a puppet for the nobility and religious elite.
	boyz.blogsky.com /?PostId=20 (2714 words)

	ARDASHIR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ardashir overthrew the Parthian monarchy and established the neo - Persian empire of the Sassanides.
		Papak killed Gochihr and took the title of king and Ardashir succeeded him to the throne in 208.
		Ardashir defeated the Parthian army and entered the capital of Ctesiphon where he was crowned with the imperial title 'king of kings'.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons3_n2/ardashir.html (103 words)

	Tanabe - Identification of the King of Kings in Taq-i Bustan - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		However, this monument is not meant exclusively for the glorification of Ardashir III but more generally for the re-establishment of the Sasanian kingship which was threatened by the destruction of Takht-i Taqdîs by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius in 624.
		Therefore the sculpturing work continued after the murder of Ardashir III in 630 and came to an end probably by the Arab invasion in around 637 or the defeat of Sasanian army by the Arabs in 642.
		Therefore the ground design of this monument was decided during the reign of Ardashir III and eventually his royal effigy was adopted simply as the representative one by the designers in order to visualize the Sasanian kingship which had been symbolized by the so-called Takht-i Taqdîs destroyed by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius in 623/624.
	www.transoxiana.com.ar /Eran/Articles/tanabe.html (5391 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gregory the Illuminator
		Ardashir I, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty (226), restored, even extended, the old power of Persia.
		Armenia, always the exposed frontier state between Rome and Persia, was overrun by Ardashir's army (Khosrov I of Armenia had taken the side of the old Arsacid dynasty); and the principle of uniformity in the Mazdean
		But a son of Khosrov, Trdat (Tiridates), escaped, was trained in the Roman army, and eventually came back to drive out the Persians and restore the Armenian kingdom.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07023a.htm (1590 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir
		Ardashir became angry and spoke thus to the son of Artabanus: "It is not possible to appropriate the art and heroism of another through tyranny, unpleasantness, falsehood, and injustice.
		For three days Ardashir showed himself engaged in that sort of worship and unanimity toward the Worm, gave the dirhems, dinars, and clothes which he had brought with him to the idol-worshipers, and acted in such a manner that every one of the inmates of the fortress was astonished and commended him.
		Ardashir laid his hands on the shield and the sword, and committed grievous wounding and massacre in the fortress, while he ordered that they should make a fire, so that its smoke would become visible to his troops outside.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/ardashir.html (5337 words)

	Articles - Sassanid dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ardashir I, the establisher of the Sassanids was grandson of Sassan the great priest of Temple of Anahita.
		Because of Ardashir's kinship to Sassan, his dynasty which ruled Persia between 226 to 651 was called the Sassanian or Sassanids by later historians.
		Ardashir's ancestors were all Zoroastrian priests who were also local governors of Persis.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Sassanid_dynasty?mySession=c7a53f05e05f408def78c112eab517d5 (3439 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Gordian III
		Ardashir may already have captured Nisibis and Carrhae during the final months of Maximinus' reign.
		During this year Hatra, the location of Rome's easternmost military garrison, (today in northern Iraq roughly 55 miles south of Mosul), was captured by the Sassanians.
		[[16]] The Cologne Mani Codex, 18.2-12, credits the Sassanian capture of Hatra to Ardashir (called "Dariardaxar" in the text) and places the event in the same Seleucid year in which Shapur received imperial authority, a year which ran from mid-April 240 until late-March 241; Kettenhofen, p.152; Potter, p.190.
	www.roman-emperors.org /gordo3.htm (1963 words)

	Persia: The Sassanids: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ardashir I, son of Papak and a descendant of Sasan, was the ruler of one of the several small states into which Persia had gradually been divided.
		Shortly before his death, probably because of failing health, Ardashir abdicated the throne in favour of his chosen heir, his son Shapur I. The latter assumed the responsibilities of government but delayed his coronation until after his father's death.
		Coins thus exist showing Ardashir together with his son as heir apparent and Shapur alone wearing the eagle cap, indicating the exercise of royal rule before his coronation--besides the normal series of Shapur crowned as king.
	www.juyayay.com /outline/persia/politics03.html (1411 words)

	The Artakhshatra's Dark Secret History - www.ezboard.com
		And Ardashir, who knew him not, received him well and granted his request, and the keys of the kitchen were given unto him.
		But Ardashir and his councillors, shut ear unto this cry, and the Shah reigned thus for the space of a thousand years, and vice stalked in daylight, but virtue was hidden.
		Now it befell Ardashir that he dreamed he beheld a youth who came towards him bearing a cow-headed mace, and with it he struck Ardashir to the ground.
	p200.ezboard.com /fbaronyoftreesiafrm51.showMessage?topicID=64.topic (1275 words)

	HistoricalCoins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ardashir I. AR Hemidrachm (19mm, 1.86 gm, 9h).
		'The Mazda-worshiper, the divine Ardashir, the king of kings of Iran who is descended from the gods' in Pahlavi, draped bust right, wearing mural crown of Ahura Mazda / 'The fire of Ardashir' in Pahlavi, fire altar without attendants.
		This coin is from a special issue that commemorates the investiture (or coronation) of Ardashir by Ahura-Mazda.
	www.cngcoins.com /coin.asp?ITEM_ID=61327 (168 words)

	TANABE - Ardashir III restated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, the crown-type concerned is similar to that of Peroz, Khusraw II, Ardashir III and Yazdgard III.
		However, this monument is not meant exclusively for the glorification of Ardashir III but more generally for the re-establishment of the Sasanian kingship which was threatened by the destruction of Takht-i Taqdis by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius in 624.
		Therefore the sculpturing work continued after the murder of Ardashir III in 630 and came to an end probably by the Arab invasion in around 637.
	www.transoxiana.com.ar /Eran/Articles/tanabe_abs.html (390 words)

	Kingdom of Persis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mithradates II was able to incorporate Persis as a sub-kingdom of the Parthian empire during the early 1st century BC, though Persis continued to mint its own distinctive series of coins which gradually took on some of the appearance of Parthian coins.
		Persis was eventually able to defeat the Arsacids and, under Ardashir I, found the Sassanian empire, which was to become Rome's, and later Byzantium's, greatest foe until the appearance of Islam and the Arab conquest of the Middle East during the 7th century AD.
		Tetradrachm of Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanian empire.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/persis.htm (147 words)

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