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	Ardennes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ardennes is a region of extensive forests and rolling hill country, primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching into France (lending its name to the Ardennes département and the Champagne-Ardenne région).
		Much of the Ardennes is covered in dense forests, with hills averaging around 350-500 m (1148-1640 ft) in height but rising to over 650 m (2132 ft) in the boggy moors of the Hautes Fagnes (Hohes Venn) region of north-eastern Belgium.
		The rugged terrain of the Ardennes severely limits the scope for agriculture, with arable and dairy farming in cleared areas the mainstay of the agricultural economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ardennes (435 words)

	How well prepared was the French military for war in 1939? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These defenses incorporated the Maginot line, the natural features of the Ardennes Forest and the deployment of troops in prepared emplacements along the border with Belgium.
		A large number of men stood guard in and around the Maginot line whilst the remainder of the French force was positioned to the North of France in defensive positions close to the Belgian border.
		Limited forces were deployed in the region of the Ardennes Forest as the strategists believed that thickness of the trees along with the semi mountainous terrain made the area too difficult for a coordinated assault involving tanks.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /EuropeatWar/frenchreadinessforwar.htm (520 words)

	Battle of the Ardennes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of the Ardennes was one of the opening battles of World War I.
		French commander-in-chief Joseph Joffre ordered an attack through the Ardennes forest in support of the French invasion of Lorraine.
		The French forces consisting of the Third and Fourth Armies, expecting only light resistance ran into a German advance consisting of the German Fourth and Fifth Armies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Ardennes (178 words)

	Ardennes -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Forest of Ardennes It covers over 3,860 sq mi (10,000 sq km) and includes parts of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Meuse River valley of France; its average height is about 1,600 ft (488 m).
		It is located in the middle of the heavily populated triangle of Paris, Brussels, and Cologne.
		The Ardennes massif is an extension, from Belgium into France, of the great Rhine Uplands, characterized by rocks of slate and quartz from the Paleozoic Era.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9355740?tocId=9355740 (716 words)

	International Travel News: The Ardennes train. (All Aboard!) (Column) @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Your train trip through southeastern Belgium's Ardennes forest to Bastogne requires so many changes of train that it becomes a relay marathon.
		It features demonstrations and trials of Ardennes cart horses, which are exported worldwide and were used by Julius Caesar's legionnaires and during Napoleon's Russian campaign.
		It was during the Battle of the Bulge that General McAuliffe pronounced the resounding "Nuts!" to the call for his surrender.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:12266989&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (1122 words)

	Tourism in the Ardennes - Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Ardenne Forest includes 150,000 hectares of oaks, beech and ash.
		The forest never ceases to impress, whether you are from the region or not.
		But those walking the forest are always amazed at just how peaceful it really is. Since the 12th century, the time of the monks and their land clearance, the woods have been worked by coal men and woodcutters.
	www.ardennes.com /UK/nature/viesauva/foret.htm (103 words)

	Ardennes-Alsace
		In many areas the fields, forests, and roads were now covered with waist-high snowdrifts, further impeding the movement of both fighting men and their resupply vehicles.
		Hitler's last offensives—in December 1944 in the Ardennes region of Belgium and Luxembourg, and in January 1945 in the Alsace region of France—marked the beginning of the end for the Third Reich.
		The final tally for the Ardennes alone totaled 41,315 casualties in December to bring the offensive to a halt and an additional 39,672 casualties in January to retake lost ground.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/ardennes/aral.htm (15522 words)

	AllTravel Ardennes Belgium travel and tourism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lying in the south of Belgium, the picturesque Ardennes region is one of deep valleys, high forests, historic cities and medieval castles.
		When Tournai was under the control of the Dukes of Burgundy, the city was the main production centre for beautiful tapestries which are now in museum and royal collections throughout Europe.
		he dense and mysterious Ardennes forest is a hiker’s paradise.
	www.alltravelbelgium.com /Belgium/Destination_Guides/Regions/Ardennes.htm (376 words)

	Roy Clifford Duncan in the Army During WWII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This German attack in the Ardennes Forest became known in US Forces journals as "The Battle of the Bulge".
		The winter of 1943/44 brought the coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the Ardennes Forest.
		The American commanders had thought the Ardennes was the least likely location for a German attack, so they chose to only keep a thin line in that area, moving other forces further north and south.
	www.angelfire.com /nc3/wwwjmd3/war4.html (2099 words)

	What Was the Battle of the Bulge?
		The "Battle of the Bulge" is the popular name for the Ardennes Offensive during World War II.
		German forces began the attack through the Ardennes Forest in Belgium en route to a planned siege of Antwerp.
		The forest is mountainous and dense and due to poor weather, the German advance in the early stages of the battle was swift.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-was-the-battle-of-the-bulge.htm (257 words)

	A Midnight Clear
		This leisurely paced adaptation of William Wharton’s unforgettable novel begins in the eerie Ardennes forest during the winter of 1944, as a group of young, inexperienced American soldiers carry out a reconnaissance mission.
		Set in the Ardennes Forest on Christmas Eve 1944, Sergeant Will Knott and five other GIs are ordered close to the German lines to establish an observation post in an abandoned chateau.
		Description: This is the story of a WW II American intelligence unit posted to a remote location in the Ardennes Forest at the time of the Battle of the Bulge.
	www.criticalconcern.com /midnight-clear.htm (1403 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Arts :: Zbigniew H. Dies, a Master
		Herbert is underlining the spotty yet rewarding nature of human perception, in which you must drink sleep that the forest may come.
		The confidence that the "forest will come" is reminiscent of both ancient prophecy and that language of television commercials which somehow capture the religiosity of modern times: this ancient is modern trick is common in Herbert.
		He does not run from his own historicalcontext; but he, in a move that will perhaps beincreasingly repeated, bravely attends to himselfand many of the old cares of poetry in their turn.He certainly does not flee his time, carelesslyrutting in transcendentalism or other naiveaesthetics.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=127471 (821 words)

	The Battle of the Bulge (Ardennes Offensive)
		The dense forest had very few roads, none of which were large.
		Unfortunately, due to the complexity of the battle and to other circumstances, there are a great number of popular misconceptions about the Battle of the Bulge; so I hope to set some of these straight.
		It is an attempt to give the units' locations in the major areas of the Battle of the Bulge (Ardennes Offensive), as well as links to their web pages, if they have a web page.
	hometown.aol.com /dadswar/bulge (4418 words)

	Hunters Catalog: Legend of Jagermeister - Patron Saint of Hunters - Hubert of Liege - by Mitch Ballard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to the legend, Hubert was afield the morning of Good Friday (while the faithful were crowding into church) and he was participating in the chase of a deer on horseback with his famous hounds.
		According to the legend, idolatry still lingered in the Ardennes Forest and "risking his life, Hubert penetrated the remote lurking places of paganism in his pursuit of souls and finally brought about the abolishment of the worship of idols in his neighborhood."
		Hubert is also the patron saint for archers, forest workers, furriers and trappers, hunters and huntsmen as well as hunting as a profession.
	www.hunterscatalog.com /articles_legend_jager.html (1434 words)

	World War II Veterans of the Battle of the Bulge Assocation
		Anniversary of the WWII battle in the Ardennes Forest of Belgium and Luxembourg, the monument was erected with funds raised by veterans of the battle, with significant contributions from the governments and people of Belgium and Luxembourg.
		U.S. Army War College officials, representatives from Belgium and Luxembourg, and members of Veterans of the Battle of the Bulge assembled on the lawn to dedicate the memorial and a grove of trees to be planted later this fall.
		The Battle of the Bulge Monument in Orlando, Florida was dedicated on December 16, 1999, the 55th Anniversary of the Battle of the Bulge.
	www.battleofthebulge.org /monuments.html (1989 words)

	The Influence of Partisan Guerrilla Warfare
		The 9th division was given the task of clearing the northern section of the Hurtgen Forest to prevent its use by the enemy as a base from which to counterattack or place fire against the south flank of the 3rd armored as it drove head on against the West Wall.
		All of the attacks into the forest from the beginning of November to the end of February were made with the dams in mind.
		The American attacks into the forest during November were conducted to achieve two goals: have the 28th Infantry Division capture the town of Schmidt, and clear a path through the forest so that once the dams were captured, the Americans could march across the Roer and into the heart of Germany.
	www.loyno.edu /history/journal/Bayer.htm (11369 words)

	Gearbox Software Forums - December 16, 1944 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Battle of the Bulge, so-called because the Germans created a "bulge" around the area of the Ardennes forest in pushing through the American defensive line, was the largest fought on the Western front.
		Their assault came in early morning at the weakest part of the Allied line, an 80-mile poorly protected stretch of hilly, woody forest (the Allies simply believed the Ardennes too difficult to traverse, and therefore an unlikely location for a German offensive).
		The town of 14,000 took the brunt of the six-week battle that raged across the Ardennes hills of southern Belgium and Luxembourg.
	gbxforums.gearboxsoftware.com /showthread.php?t=26551 (916 words)

	International Travel News: Visiting evocative sites of the world wars in E... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We dug for World War I artifacts in the Ardennes Forest on the border of France and Germany.
		Our destination for the first day was the Compiegne Forest where both the World War I surrender was signed and where Hitler accepted the surrender of France during World War II.
		On day nine of our trip we reached the Ardennes Forest on the border between France and Germany.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:14165534&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (1322 words)

	Saints and Soldiers (2003) - Page 6
		After the lads survive through miles of frozen forest, their mission is accelerated by the arrival of Oberon Winley (Kirby Heyborne), a British reconnaissance pilot desperate to get aerial shots of the German rollout back to Allied HQHQ.
		But such similarities are, if anything, complimentary, suggesting a shared determination on the part of their filmmakers to peer past the fatigues and dog tags and into the souls of the ordinary men who must shoulder war's extraordinary soullessness.
		The four men who manage to escape into the nearby Ardennes forest represent a conveniently diverse cross section of war-movie archetypes: the tough-talking sergeant (Peter Holden); the devout, soft-spoken sharpshooter (Corbin Allred); the wisecracking medic from Brooklyn (Alexander Niver); and the blundering Cajun country boy (Lawrence Bagby).
	www.ldsfilm.com /SS/SaintsAndSoldiers7.html (6967 words)

	Sanctuary - The Ardennes forest - Mickael Therer - World Wide Panorama
		On X-mas Day Saint Vith is wiped in just 14 minutes under allied bombs, he will then set to cross the battlefield by foot to rejoin his family some 100 kms away.
		For him like for many other civilians, caught in the battle, the Ardennes forest was the only possible sanctuary, the house basements were not safe during the dogfights or allied bombings, and the fighting was just about everywhere.
		This panorama is dedicated to all the Victors caught in wars and their anonymous accomplishments.
	geoimages.berkeley.edu /wwp1204/html/MickaelTherer.html (259 words)

	Search Results for Ardennes - Encyclopædia Britannica
		wooded plateau covering part of the ancient Forest of Ardennes, occupying most of the Belgian provinces of Luxembourg, Namur, and Liège; part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; and the French...
		Bouillon in the 11th century was held by the counts of...
		Belgium generally is a low-lying country, with a broad coastal plain extending from the North Sea and The Netherlands and rising gradually into the Ardennes hills and forests of the southeast, where...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Ardennes&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (385 words)

	Battle of the Bulge
		Their goal was to reach the sea, trap four allied armies, and impel a negotiated peace on the Western front.
		Thinking the Ardennes was the least likely spot for a German offensive, American Staff Commanders chose to keep the line thin, so that the manpower might concentrate on offensives north and south of the Ardennes.
		The delay and extended battle used so much of the precious resources of the German Army that they were never again able to recoup and fight the style of war they had in earlier days.
	www.mm.com /user/jpk/battle.htm (803 words)

	Ardennes '44
		Ardennes '44 explores this fascinating campaign with a detailed order of battle and an extremely accurate Ardennes game map which covers the area from the Our River to the Meuse.
		Ardennes '44 covers the period from December 16th to the 26th.
		The Ardennes '44 game system is designed by Mark Simonitch, winner of the CSR James F. Dunnigan Award for Design Elegance and Best WWII Board Game of 2000 for Ukraine '43.
	www.boardgamegeek.com /game/7858 (460 words)

	D Day Exhibit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fought in the Ardennes Forest, the cost of life was high.
		The goal of the offensive was, that under the cover of bad weather and attacking through the Ardennes Forest, the German armies would punch a hole in the front lines, catching the allies off guard.
		The Ardennes Offensive—The Battle of the Bulge—ended in failure for Germany.
	www.arizonawingcaf.com /museum/bulge.html (387 words)

	"Battle of the Bulge"
		The commanders which led the offensive were, von Runstedt (Overall commander in the West), Field Marshall Model (who was the tactical commander for the offensive), Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (Sixth Panzer Army), and Hasso von Manteuffel (Fifth Panzer Army) all were reported to have had reservations about Hitler's plan.
		Between the two attacking Panzer armies, the 5th and 6th, the Germans mustered eleven divisions, and smashed like a whirlwind into the Ardennes through the Losheim Gap against the four American divisions assigned to protect the area.
		This was to signify the entire American defensive effort during this German offensive, as across the entire front, overmatched American units continually fought hard and slowed the advance with costly effects to the German's strict timetable for this operation.
	www.sanelson.com /82web/Bulge.htm (1218 words)

	A Moment in Time: Battle of the Bulge - I
		Lead: Determined to take back the initiative, Adolf Hitler and his generals launched a surprise counterattack against allied forces through the Ardennes Forest in the winter of 1944.
		In 1914 and in the 1930s the French mistakenly assumed that no effective attack could be mounted through that densely packed hilly and forested region.
		Eisenhower's men were so confident the Germans were beaten that in the eighty-five mile line that fronted the forest they positioned mostly exhausted, battle weary troops and rookie, untested units.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=2305 (407 words)

	The Wargamer - Board Game Review: Ardennes '44 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Players shouldn't let this familiar pattern fool them; Ardennes '44 is packed full of features that are anything but familiar.
		For example, the influence of German Greif units (specially trained, English-speaking German units equipped with American uniforms whose sole purpose was to create confusion behind the Allied frontline) and the difficulties inherent in conducting an advance in the Ardennes Forest is dealt with by allowing players to place traffic and roadblock counters.
		In terms of the gameplay, it gives a player a number of options for moving reinforcements up more quickly (usually an advantage for the Allies) or to strike a truly decisive blow in an area of the line that had been softened or broken during the previous day turn.
	www.wargamer.com /reviews/ardennes_44/page2.asp (840 words)

	Ardennes (Battle of the Bulge)
		In a desperate attempt to regain the initiative, halt the allied advance, and retake the port of Antwerp, the Germans, in December 1944, launched their last major offensive of the war.
		Thirty German divisions were secretly massed in the Ardennes Forest and then thrown against a weakened American line on December 16, 1944.
		Patton's Third Army, fighting south of the Ardennes, disengaged from the enemy, turned north, and, within several days, engaged the Germans in the Ardennes and relieved Bastogne.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/BattleView.cfm?BID=113&WID=5 (228 words)

	Picardy, Ardennes, Champagane - France with VFB Holidays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Reflect amid epic battlefields, explore forested border country, admire imposing cathedrals and savour world-renowned sparkling wines.
		On the southern edge of the Ardennes forest, Charleville-Mézières comprises two attractive, geometrically laid-out towns built in loops of the Meuse.
		From the Ardennes come tender roasts of forest game (rabbit, hare and wild boar) and, in Picardy, try beef braised in beer or veal with fresh cream.
	www.vfbholidays.co.uk /frenchhotels/picardy-ardennes-champagne.htm (287 words)

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