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Topic: Ardipithecus ramidus

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	Ardipithecus ramidus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ardipithecus ramidus is the earliest hominid found so far and was discovered in Aramis, in the Middle Awash region of Ethiopia in 1994 by Tim White and his two colleagues, Gen Suwa and Berhane Asfaw.
		Ardipithecus ramidus translates literally as "ground man-root" and is thought to be 4.4 to 4.5 million years old.
		The dentition of Ardipithecus ramidus is more primitive (more apelike) than that seen in Australopithecus afarensis, with narrower molar teeth capped with thin enamel, unlike the condition in all other known hominines; the canines are larger, but not as large as in living apes.
	www.geocities.com /palaeoanthropology/Aramidus.html (473 words)

	Ardipithecus ramidus
		They proposed Ardipithecus (from "ardi", which means "ground" or "floor" in the Afar language) to be the genus [White, et al, 1995].
		A morphological description of the initial, mainly dental, fossil remains of Ardipithecus ramidus was published by White et al, 1994.
		The fact that the skull of A. ramidus rested atop the vertebral column, rather than in front of it, suggests that if this creature was not bipedal in the modern sense, it at least had key adaptations toward a similar end.
	www.archaeologyinfo.com /ardipithecusramidus.htm (772 words)

	Earliest hominid discovery not the missing link — But close
		While Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba is not the sought-after "Missing Link"—the yet-undiscovered creature that lived at the cusp of the evolutionary division between man and chimp—Yohannes Haile-Selassie, a doctoral candidate at the University of California at Berkeley, said the hominid certainly is very close to the branching point.
		Haile-Selassie believes Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba was about the size of a modern-day chimpanzee and about 20 percent larger than the "Lucy" specimen.
		Because neither the skull nor intact limb bones of Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba have been found, however, an artists' rendition of the creature is impossible at this time.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2001-07/ddoe-ehd062002.php (977 words)

	Fossils of Oldest Human Ancestor in Ethiopia
		The Ethiopian creature, dubbed Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba, "rootman ancestor," walked upright - a classic characteristic separating humans from apes - and had teeth that appeared to be evolving from apes to human ancestors.
		The new Ardipithecus remains were found at 3,000 feet altitude, but the region was possibly much higher-perhaps 7,000 feet - and much greener 5.5 million years ago, with large lakes, forests and plenty of rain, and full of the resources that forest apes required to survive.
		It is probable that these Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba were tree dwellers who needed to come down to the ground so they could walk to the next tree.
	www.bradshawfoundation.com /latest-fossils.html (496 words)

	Researchers find human's earliest ancestor yet
		While Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba is not the sought- after “Missing Link ” — the yet--undiscovered creature that lived at the cusp of the evolutionary division between man and chimp — researcher Haile-Selassie said the hominid certainly is very close to the branching point.
		Because neither the skull nor intact limb bones of Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba have been found, however, an artists ’ rendering of the creature is impossible at this time.
		Finding the Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba specimens represented a tremendous challenge to the researchers.Lakes, forest areas, volcanic rocks and recent sediments cover about 87 percent of the present-day Middle Awash area.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2001-08/danl-rfh060602.php (1081 words)

	Ardipithecus Finds in Ethiopia
		Ardipithecus ramidus is also marked out by its diamond-shaped upper canine teeth, which are more humanlike than the "V" shaped upper canines of chimpanzees.
		Professor Tim White, of the University of California, Berkeley, agreed it was becoming apparent that Ardipithecus ramidus was an important species that was a very plausible ancestor to later hominids.
		Ardipithecus could therefore represent an earlier step on the path which led to modern humans, as well as a number of other, extinct hominid species.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/FeaturesAfrica/HominidArdipithecus1.htm (515 words)

	Australopithecus/Ardipithecus ramidus
		Initially determined as a new species of australopithecine, the discoverers later argued for a new genus, Ardipithecus, however, the material has not been published extensively and the naming of a new species is always contested (much less a new genus!).
		It is safe to refer to the species as Australopithecus ramidus for the time being, until adequate proof for a genus is explicated.
		Since the two species are adapted to different ecological environments, there are major differences between the two species, but some features both have seem to indicate that the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was probably more hominid-like than chimpanzee-like.
	www.modernhumanorigins.net /ramidus.html (1108 words)

	Untitled Document
		Yet some of the oldest finds of australopith bones, dated about 4.4 million years old, have been given a different name because of their very ancient combination of apelike and humanlike traits.
		White devised the genus name Ardipithecus to distinguish this new species from other australopiths because it had a very ancient combination of apelike and humanlike traits.
		The teeth of Ardipithecus ramidus have a thin outer layer of enamel--a trait also seen in chimps and gorillas, but not in other australopith species or most older fossil apes.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/Encarta/australopiths.htm (2014 words)

	Hominid fossils from Ethiopia link ape-men to more distant human ancestors
		More primitive hominids in the genus Ardipithecus date from between 4.4 million and 7 million years ago and were much more ape-like, though they, too, walked on two legs.
		Ardipithecus, on the other hand, was discovered by White and his team in 1992, based on fossils from Aramis, a village in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar rift.
		The teeth of Ardipithecus were smaller, restricting it to a diet of softer, less abrasive food, White said.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2006/april/hominids.htm (953 words)

	07.11.2001 - UC Berkeley paleoanthropologists find oldest hominid
		The fragmentary fossils, which include teeth, a jawbone, hand, arm and collar bones, and one toe bone, appear to be from family members of the species discovered in 1994 by an international team led by UC Berkeley paleoanthropologist Tim White.
		Discovery in 1998 by Yohannes Haile-Selassie of an Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba canine tooth.
		ramidus and all later hominids, but not of chimpanzees and other apes, which walk on the outside of their feet.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2001/07/11_bones.html (1013 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Fossils Suggest Earliest Human Ancestor
		The Ethiopian creature, dubbed Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba (root-man ancestor), had a toe bone that indicates it walked upright -- a classic characteristic separating humans from apes -- and teeth that appeared to be evolving from apes to later human ancestors, researchers said.
		A detailed examination of the new bones indicates the creature is an older subspecies of Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus in the lineage leading to humans that includes the famous "Lucy," whose 3.5 million-year-old remains were discovered about 50 miles north of the new find.
		Haile-Selassie said Ardipithecus, with its large molars and upright walking, leans "much more to the hominid [human ancestor] side than the chimpanzee side," while Orrorin has the "canine [tooth] of an ape" and a thighbone that is not "compelling" evidence of a human characteristic.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A47640-2001Jul11?language=printer (957 words)

	[No title]
		ANATOMY A morphological description of the initial, mainly dental, fossil remains of Ardipithecus ramidus was published by White et al, 1994.
		However, with the discovery of the ramidus material, the specimens should be reexamined, and determined to one or the other, as ramidus shares many features with afarensis, yet is earlier, with some major differences.
		Though specific comparisons between A. anamensis and Ardipithicus ramidus would be difficult, due to the small skeletal collections that have been obtained for both fossil hominids, a general similarity seems to be clear.
	www.ltcconline.net /lukas/handouts/earlyhominids.doc (20335 words)

	Evolution: Humans: Origins of Humankind
		Because fossil evidence for Ardipithecus* ramidus is scant, a range of dates for when this species lived is not available.
		ramidus is much more widely accepted by the scientific community as a hominid than is O.
		ramidus suggest that it may have been a woodland forest dweller.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/humans/humankind/b.html (274 words)

	Ardipithecus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ardipithecus is a very early hominin genus (subfamily Homininae).
		Because it shares several traits with the African great apes (genus Pan and genus Gorilla), it is considered by some to be on the chimpanzee rather than human branch, but most consider it a proto-human because of a likeness in teeth with Australopithecus.
		ramidus suggests that the creature walked upright, and this poses problems for current theories of the origins of hominid bipedalism: Ardipithecus is believed to have lived in shady forests rather than on the savannah, where the more energy efficient locomotion permitted by bipedalism would have been an advantage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus (379 words)

	Earliest Ancestor Emerges in Africa - Ardipithecus remains found - Brief Article Science News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"Ardipithecus was close [in time] to the common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans," Haile-Selassie says.
		When Ardipithecus lived there, the region contained a dense forest and had a cool, wet climate, according to studies led by Giday WoldeGabriel of Los Alamos (N.M.) National Laboratory.
		Yet Ardipithecus lived in shady forests where a hominid would have less need to stand up to dissipate heat or walk long distances.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_2_160/ai_77049886 (599 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Ardipithecus kadabba is a nearly 6-million-year-old hominin (2) that Haile-Selassie and colleagues elevate to the species level from Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba.
		ramidus from the Middle Awash study area (locality of Aramis) has been dated at 4.4 Ma, whereas the morphologically distinctive A. kadabba sample from Asa Koma and several other localities also in the Middle Awash study area is older, 5.6 to 5.8 Ma (one specimen, an enigmatic foot phalanx, is dated to 5.2 Ma).
		Concerning the early hominids, Ardipithecus ramidus is the oldest, and is currently considered the "oldest human".
	scienceweek.com /2004/sa040430-5.htm (2424 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : Ardipithecus remains from Gona
		As is the case for other remains from Ardipithecus, here it is argued that the toe bone represents a biped, because the proximal articular facet is oriented upward (dorsally).
		General similarities include the size of the postcanine teeth, the height of the upper and lower canines, and the diamond-like shape of the upper canine in labial view (the broadest mesiodistal point is about halfway between the apex and base of the crown).
		In other words, the fossils "fit" well with Ardipithecus by virtue of their anatomy and date, and have at least one tooth crown that is fairly distinctive.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/reviews/early_hominids/semaw_gona_ardipithecus_2005.html (1994 words)

	07.11.2001 - UC Berkeley paleoanthropologists find oldest hominid
		They suggest, instead, that all known earliest hominids derived from relatively wet and wooded environments and did not venture into more open savanna settings until after 4.4 million years ago — about the time Australopithecus made its appearance and long after hominids and chimpanzees split from their common ancestor.
		About 6 million years ago, the Middle Awash region was a well-defined rift valley characterized by intense earth movements, with active volcanoes erupting from major fractures and individual centers.
		The forested upland where Ardipithecus lived was up to 1,500 meters higher in elevation, and cooler, wetter, and more forested.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2001/07/11_bone2.html (577 words)

	Researchers find human's earliest ancestor yet
		While Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba is not the sought-after "Missing Link" -- the yet-undiscovered creature that lived at the cusp of the evolutionary division between man and chimp -- researcher Haile-Selassie said the hominid certainly is very close to the branching point.
		At that time, Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba lived in a forested environment -- a far cry from the regionÌs present day environment of harsh desert surroundings.
		Finding the Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba specimens represented a tremendous challenge to the researchers.
	www.ecology.com /archived-links/ardipithecus-ramidus-kadabba/index.html (1021 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : 2006 04
		In addition to the paper, there are articles in the New York Times (by John Noble Wilford), the Associated Press (by Seth Borenstein), and BBC (by Paul Rincon).
		Tim D. White, a paleontologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who was a leader of the team, and his colleagues said the 4.1-million-year-old fossils were anatomically intermediate between the earlier species Ardipithecus ramidus and the later species Australopithecus afarensis, the Lucy family.
		This latter alternative is the only "bushy" interpretation -- the idea that known species of Ardipithecus can't really be the direct ancestors of Australopithecus, but that there must be some as-yet-undiscovered hominid (or better yet, hominids) that are the common ancestors, cousins, and other bushy relatives of the known species.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/2006/04/13 (1063 words)

	UFO Area A New Branch Of Primitive Humans Reported Found In Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In a 2001 publication in the journal Nature, the bones and teeth were first placed in a new hominid subspecies named Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba.
		In the 2002 field season, the scientific team recovered new fossil teeth of Ardipithecus kadabba at a place known as Asa Koma ("Red Hill") along the western margin of the Middle Awash study area, about 180 miles (290 km) northeast of the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa.
		On the phylogenetic relationship of Ardipithecus kadabba with the two other known genera of late Miocene hominids, Orrorin and Sahelanthropus, Haile-Selassie and his colleagues state that the three are similar to such an extent that they might belong to a single genus.
	www.ufoarea.com /evolution_anew.html (592 words)

	Australopithecus
		Ardipithecus kadabba (5.2–5.8 Myr), are probably ancestral to Australopithecus afarensis and subsequently the long line leading to humanity (and so the oldest hominid found to date).
		ramidus was a forest dweller that does appear to have been bipedal due to the forward placement of the foramen magnum.
		Ardipithecus lived in a high in elevation that was relatively cool, wet, and forested.
	www.ecotao.com /holism/hu_austral.htm (7660 words)

	BBC’deki Ardipithecus Yorumları, Zorlama
		ramidus ile ilgili senaryoların hayali karakteri gözler önüne serilmektedir.
		Selaisse, Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba ismiyle isimlendirilen[*] ve yaşı 5.8 ila 5.2 milyon yıl arasında tahmin edilen bu canlının ayak parmağı morfolojisinden yola çıkarak, iki ayak üzerinde yürüdüğünü öne sürmüştü.
		Ardipithecus, evrimcilerce üzerine hayali spekülasyon elbisesi giydirilmiş kemik parçalarından başka birşey değildir.
	www.netcevap.org /bbc_050119.html (763 words)

	1
		The Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus shall have also been preceded by its relative Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba, whose fossils were found in Ethiopia.
		It was a hominid with a behaviour very similar to the actual chimpanzees’, it lived in a forest environment and it’s quite probable that it walked upright, on 2 legs.
		Concerning to Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus, there are also signs that it was a biped (he walked upright, on 2 legs), although it may have also lived in the forest, which doesn’t agree with the traditional idea that the
	brattahlid.tripod.com /sw3-74webb.htm (2392 words)

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