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Topic: Area denial munitions

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Area denial weapons are used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land.
		Most area denial weapons pose long-lasting risks to anyone entering the area, specifically to civilians, and thus are often controversial.
		Concepts for area denial weapons which do discriminate (by active sensing) have often been proposed, but have not yet reached a stage of general usefulness, due to their high complexity (and cost) and the risk of misidentification.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Area_denial_weapons (909 words)

	Cluster Munitions: 23 Nov 2006: House of Commons debates (TheyWorkForYou.com)
		Although cluster munitions were not on the formal agenda, the realisation of what had happened in Lebanon prompted a number of nations to seek to give those weapons due attention.
		The use of cluster munitions on targets at long range reduces the number of enemy to be dealt with in contact battle, reduces enemy momentum, delivers shock effect and reduces the exposure of, and risk to, our front-line combat forces.
		The United Kingdom believes that cluster munitions are legal weapons, that international humanitarian law is adequate to govern their use, and that the international community would be better served by implementing existing law in a consistent manner when using cluster munitions.
	www.theyworkforyou.com /debates/?id=2006-11-23a.796.0 (4179 words)

	Submarine Warfare Division - Key Themes: Denied Areas
		The submarine’s unique ability to penetrate and operate in denied areas with virtual impunity while detecting and destroying advanced threats will be a critical enabler to ensure our Navy can fight and win in the littorals.
		Secondly, precision guided munitions, such as supersonic cruise missiles and tactical ballistic missiles (TBM), ensure much higher probabilities of a kill once a platform is detected.
		Should conditions escalate and hostilities be required, submarines can destroy targets from denied areas while providing little or no warning to the enemy, using the strike capability resident in Tomahawk as well as the unique ability of the submarine to covertly insert Special Forces.
	www.navy.mil /navydata/cno/n87/themes/denied.html (1222 words)

	Landmine
		Landmines are used to secure disputed borders and to restrict enemy movement in times of war.
		Because of this, and to avoid using the word landmine, they are sometimes called area denial munitions.
		Land mines serve as force multipliers[?], allowing an organized and technologically capable force to overcome a larger enemy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/la/Land_mine.html (653 words)

	Land mine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Land mines (sometimes called area denial munitions) are used to secure disputed borders and to restrict enemy movement in times of war.
		In military science, minefields are considered a defensive or harassing weapon, used to slow the enemy down, to help deny certain terrain to the enemy, to focus enemy movement into kill zones, or to reduce morale by randomly attacking matériel and personnel.
		These odd sanctuaries have proven so popular and lucrative for ecotourism that there has been some effort to avoid having the mines removed by offering to finance mine removal in regions where mines are a persistent danger such as in Cambodia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Land_mine (2539 words)

	Cluster Munition Coalition, Stop Cluster Munitions
		At the same time the CMC and its members will be considering alternative definitions of cluster munitions that focus on their humanitarian effects and in particular their clustering effect on the ground rather than their function of separating from a parent munition.
		The banning the construction, stockage, and use of or trade in cluster bombs was approved in the lower house of the assembly by 112 votes to two, with 22 abstentions.
		Cluster munitions were designed for use against massed ranks of Warsaw Pact tanks advancing across the central European plain as part of a last ditch attempt to defend democracy.
	www.stopclustermunitions.org /news.asp?id=15 (2094 words)

	Test Area C-74L at Eglin Air Force Base, FL
		From late-1974 to 1978, the area was used for pre-production testing of a gun system which used depleted uranium (DU) ammunition.
		At that time, the only area remaining to be remediated was the 4-acre radiologically controlled area.
		A second alternative is to deny the licensee's request in favor of alternate release criteria as allowed by Sec.
	www.govnotes.com /Environmental_Assessment/_Test_Area_Eglin_Force_Base_Nuclear.htm (3401 words)

	- Dumb Bombs
		Submunitions are used to destroy an enemy in place (impact) or to slow or prevent enemy movement away from or through an area (area denial).
		The hazard area depends on the submunition, mission profile, target type, and number of sorties.
		Studies that show 40 percent of the duds on the ground are hazardous and for each encounter with an unexploded submunition there is a 13 percent probability of detonation.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/dumb/cluster.htm (927 words)

	Invisible Genocide and silence death from America
		The patent information of many of these munitions point to the usage of dense metal--depleted uranium, non-depleted uranium, or Tungsten, the latter is not likely since it costs more and is difficult to manufacture.
		The munitions could deposit a layer of [depleted uranium] dust on crops that could be eaten directly by humans or by animals later consumed by humans.
		They targeted wide areas all over Afghanistan, however, the depth of the contamination is situated in the Pashtun dominated areas, east, southeast, south and southwestern Afghanistan.
	www.rense.com /general37/InvisibleGenocid.html (4341 words)

	TAB E -- Development of DU Munitions
		In the 1960s, tungsten alloys used in the XM578 projectile had to be encased in a steel jacket to withstand the extreme firing velocities of the 152mm gun, reducing the penetrating effectiveness of the tungsten cartridge.
		On October 9, 1973, the Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering requested that the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness (JTCG/ME) evaluate the medical and environmental implications of the use of DU and alternatives in a variety of conventional munitions.
		The services fielded DU munitions and armor only after rigorous testing and evaluation that carefully considered their environmental impact and potential for battlefield contamination.
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /du_ii/du_ii_tabe.htm (2658 words)

	OPERATION JUST CAUSE: Glossary
		The general area in which unit camps and departure airfields are located and from which the air movement is initiated.
		In amphibious operations, the designated area in which, as part of the mounting process, units are reorganized for embarkation, vehicles and equipment are prepared to move directly to embarkation areas, and housekeeping facilities are provided for troops by other units.
		That airlift which provides preplanned or immediate air movement and delivery of combat troops and supplies directly into objective areas and the air logistic support of all theater forces, including those engaged in combat operations, to meet specific theater objectives and requirements.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/panama/glossary.htm (1184 words)

	Land mine information - Search.com
		Land mines (sometimes called area denial munitions) are used to secure disputed borders and to restrict enemy movement in times of war.
		AP fragmentation mines such as the German S-mine are a type of area denial munition designed to incapacitate or kill.
		In military science, minefields are considered a defensive or harassing weapon, used to slow the enemy down, to help deny certain terrain to the enemy, to focus enemy movement into kill zones, or to reduce morale by randomly attacking matériel and personnel.
	www.search.com /reference/Land_mine (3546 words)

	M1023 Remote Area Denial Artillery Munition (RADAM)
		The Remote Area Denial Artillery Munition (RADAM) is a repackaging of seven Remote Anti-Armor Mines (RAAM) and five Area Denial Artillery Munitions (ADAM) into a single 155mm artillery projectile.
		The combination of both antitank and antipersonnel munitions into a single artillery round results in a better dispersion of munitions on the ground and a more effective minefield.
		The Area Denial Artillery Munition (ADAM)/ Remote Anti- Armor Mine (RAAM) Upgrade was renamed the Remote Area Denial Artillery Munition (RADAM).
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/munitions/radam.htm (144 words)

	Gary's Military Glossary
		This munition technology is employed in aerial bombs and artillery munitions, and uses a dispersing explosive fill to produce intense heat, a longduration high-pressure wave, and increased HE blast area.
		A munition system incorporating integrated seeker, guidance and control, and fuze subsystems, the warhead of which is initiated upon target impact or in close proximity thereto.
		A type of "brilliant" munition that is aware of itself and its surroundings; for example, a brilliant munition that responds to its environment, or communicates with others among the same payload or salvo to seek out the targets and maximize interception.
	www.inetres.com /gp/military/glossary (2692 words)

	IMPROVING FORCE FLEXIBILITY THROUGH V/STOL
		In addition to the dangers of the mindset that result from such an approach to basing, there is a serious question as to whether reliance on a combination of hardening measures, air defenses, camouflage, and rapid repair is really adequate to ensure air base survivability in the environment of modern warfare.
		Even if the threat from nuclear and chemical munitions could be disregarded, the growing effectiveness of conventional munitions for area denial and the destruction of runways, taxiways, aircraft shelters, and other hardened structures make it likely that a capable, determined enemy could seriously impair an air base's ability to operate.
		Particularly important to consider is the circumstance in which the intervening distance is heavily cratered and infested with area denial munitions.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1985/jan-feb/bingham.html (8025 words)

	FM 17-97 Chapter 8
		Scatterable mines are area denial munitions for use against personnel and remote antiarmor mines for use against armored vehicles.
		Position the GSRs in an area that is free of ground clutter and in one that affords them long-range observation and a wide field of view.
		Security.During screen missions, employ the air assets to the front or flanks of the troop to observe areas between OPs and those areas that are difficult to observe from the ground.
	www.cavalrypilot.com /fm17-97/c8.htm (4379 words)

	U.S.: Deny Israeli Request for Cluster Munitions (Human Rights Watch, 11-8-2006)
		To encourage delivery of the cluster munitions, Israel has vowed not to use them in populated areas, but its actions to date make that vow unreliable.
		The United States found that by using U.S.-supplied cluster munitions against civilian targets during its military operations in Lebanon and the siege of Beirut, Israel may have violated its 1952 Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement with the United States.
		The strikes were deadly because they covered a broad area and because they scattered a large number of initially unexploded submunitions.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2006/08/11/israb13974.htm (990 words)

	Support Information: Pentagon Initiates New Research into Prohibited Chemical Weapons
		The munitions could include new highly accurate fuses, and proximity sensors that sense target range or some other system that programs their time to function.
		The munitions function would then be to adjust their configuration to be non-lethal based upon the sensed range to target by increasing their surface area or some braking technology just before hitting the target.
		The overall objective of the project described in this proposal is to design and develop the technology for a non-lethal munition for area denial to personnel.
	www.sunshine-project.org /publications/pr/pr080903support.html (1261 words)

	ePolitix.com - Cluster Munitions (Prohibition) Bill [HL] [Failed Bill 2006/07 session]
		Cluster bombs are defined as munitions containing up to several hundred sub-munitions which explode immediately or deposit anti-personnel devices over an area the size of several football pitches.
		Classically they are used for area denial to enemy forces.
		In a Commons debate on cluster munitions, defence minister Adam Ingram stated that alternative munitions “may not possess the necessary capabilities to defeat the intended target in a timely manner” and that the ban of cluster munitions would lead to more close-combat fighting which could lead to more humanitarian risk.
	www.epolitix.com /EN/Legislation/200611/b6786302-bb77-491b-ab95-791905e51160.htm (394 words)

	Peninsulas Emergency Preparedness Committee - Common Sense on Bio & Chem Hazards
		Contrary to the hype of reporters and politicians, they are not weapons of mass destruction; they are "area denial," and terror weapons that don't destroy anything.
		That's the difference; you can leave the area and the risk; soldiers may have to stay put and sit through it, and that's why they need all that spiffy gear.
		If there is an attack, leave the area and go upwind, or to the sides of the wind stream.
	www.pep-c.org /commonsense (2365 words)

	Royal Engineers - Specialist - Bomb Disposal
		Many shells, bombs and munitions fail to explode, leaving them around the battlefield after the fighting is over.
		In peacetime, they provide the essential expertise necessary to clear areas, often to permit the civilian population to return home.
		This teaches advanced demolitions procedures, training on air drop weapons and area denial munitions, advanced mines and booby traps and a comprehensive chemical weapons package — all enhanced with on the ground scenario based training.
	www.army.mod.uk /royalengineers/careers/specialist/bombdisposal.htm (407 words)

	Lockheed Have Blue 1001 & the Lockheed F-117A Night Hawk Stealth
		This aircraft was the precursor of the super-secret development at Groom Lake, Nevada (Area 51) of the production Lockheed F-117A Night Hawk first used in the invasion of Panama and later in combat in the 1991 Gulf War.
		The Have Blue 1001 aircraft prototypes proved the "faceting" of airframe surfaces concept and special conductive coatings to minimize or eliminate radar and infrared reflective signatures.
		Federal and contractor employees and military personnel could not talk of their work at Area 51 with family or anyone, as the project was carried out under great secrecy.
	www.airport-data.com /articles/view/Lockheed-Have-Blue-1001-the-Lockheed-F-117A-Night-Hawk-Stealth;46.html (998 words)

	ABCCC
		Nail 47 [visually checked] the area, however, heavy canopy and dark shadows precluded effective coverage.” On 8 February at 0225Z Cricket received a report that an 0-1 aircraft was burning southeast of the runway at LS-44.
		On the 23rd the weather was workable in all areas.
		Six tanks were reported to be in the Dong Hene area.” There was no BDA to report for the day… On the 14th Brown Man declared a TIC, which was supported by Raven 33 and RLAF T-28s.
	www.ravens.org /abccc.htm (10131 words)

	Doublespeak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The government may find the need to talk about something that has negative connotations to large portions of the public, and avoids backlash by replacing the term with a new one that most people will not recognize as the same thing.
		Thus "area denial munitions" means "landmines", "physical persuasion" means "torture", and "operational exhaustion" means "shell shock".
		A stray 2,000-pound bomb causes "a significant emotional event for anyone within a square mile." Government doublespeak can also involve simple euphemisms, like "wet work" meaning "assassination", or, more recently, the US Government's use of "extraordinary rendition" for "transporting a person to another country with fewer human rights laws for the purpose of torture."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Doublespeak (688 words)

	NATO military low-flying
		UK forces, by the late 1980s deploying predominantly Tornado aircraft equipped with a range of precision-guided munitions as well as area denial munitions, most notably the British designed and manufactured JP-233 submunitions dispenser system, were complemented in NATO by German Tornado forces also equipped with airbase denial munitions (the MW-1) and by Italian Tornados.
		While area bombardment against Iraqi encampments prevented any movement by Iraq's armoured forces, the capacity of these limited-accuracy attacks (thousands of tons of gravity bombs dropped from B-52s) to debilitate Republican Guard armoured forces was low.
		Area denial munitions: Weapons designed to prevent an entire area from being used (such weapons include landmines and chemical weapons), either by enemy forces or by civilians.
	www.ploughshares.ca /libraries/WorkingPapers/WP942.html (9850 words)

	Air Base Survivability and V/STOL Aircraft: A Gapin Air Force Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simultaneously, the increasing lethality of munitions raises the cost for base defense failures, as increased resources and time are required to return a damaged air base to full effectiveness.
		Moreover, because a hide could be moved quickly out of a contaminated environment, the effectiveness of area denial munitions, such as mines and persistent chemical and biological agents, would be reduced.
		The complexity results from the different characteristics and effects of each munition, which often cause countermeasures for one munition to be ineffective against another.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1986/jan-feb/bingham.html (3108 words)

	MILREF: 2005-2006 Archive of Military Definitions of the Day (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They will be delivered to target areas by guns, rockets, missiles, or aircraft with the carriers (platforms) delivering from one to a multitude of the munitions (DAU).
		area denial munitions and weapons — area denial munitions and weapons are used as force multipliers to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land.
		Area denial munitions and weapons can be used to canalize enemy operations and shape the battlespace.
	vikingphoenix.com /military/milref/mildefarch.htm (12289 words)

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