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Topic: Area denial weapons

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	Area denial weapons - Definition, explanation
		Area denial weapons are used to prevent an adversary occupying or traversing an area of land.
		Radiological or chemical weapons might also be considered as area denial weapons, although they are not considered militarily useful at present.
		The correct layout of these extensive lines of ditches and the quality control of stake size, form and placement (they had to be big and sturdy enough to impale a very heavy horse) was part of the craft of war.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/ar/area_denial_weapons.php (240 words)

	Area denial weapons - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Area denial weapons are used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land.
		Today, area denial systems have moved beyond land mines and cover destruction.
		Other area denial methods include the fallout from nuclear weapons as well as chemical agents that are by design non-degrading, such as the nerve agent VX.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Area_denial_weapons (287 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Most area denial weapons pose long-lasting risks to anyone entering the area, specifically to civilians, and thus are often controversial.
		Booby traps or improvised explosive devices in sufficient concentration also qualify as area denial weapons, though they are much easier to clear and usually pose less long-term danger.
		Concepts for area denial weapons which do discriminate (by active sensing) have often been proposed, but have not yet reached a stage of general usefulness, due to their high complexity (and cost) and the risk of misidentification.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Area_denial_weapons (885 words)

	National Review Online (http://www.nationalreview.com)
		He probably has chemical weapons, perhaps also biological weapons, probably not nuclear weapons (though it is not impossible, perhaps they are hidden elsewhere) and maybe radiological weapons (e.g., dirty bombs).
		It depends on the weapon, on the weather, on the means of delivery, and the defensive capabilities of the target, among other factors.
		Yet despite their unwieldiness they are effective terror weapons, and would instill sheer panic particularly among the embedded media, which would translate to real-time turmoil on the home front.
	www.nationalreview.com /script/printpage.p?ref=/robbins/robbins032603.asp (990 words)

	Joint Concept for Nonlethal Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Similarly, the use and maintenance of non-lethal weapons should not require field commanders to significantly alter the organization of their units or to dedicate a significant percentage of the unit's assets to those purposes.
		Weapons and ammunition must be available for live-fire training and must be compatible with the safety requirements and limitations in effect on most live-fire ranges.
		The present population is a combination of longtime residents, displaced refugees from rural areas, relief workers, and thousands of armed gunmen whose factions frequently fight pitched battles in the streets as they struggle for control of various neighborhoods.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/docs/NONLETH.HTM (8445 words)

	Land mine - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Land mines (sometimes called area denial munitions) are used to secure disputed borders and to restrict enemy movement in times of war.
		AP fragmentation mines such as the German S-mine are a type of area denial munition designed to incapacitate or kill.
		Image:Mine sweep.jpg In military science, minefields are considered a defensive or harassing weapon, used to slow the enemy down, to help deny certain terrain to the enemy, to focus enemy movement into kill zones, or to reduce morale by randomly attacking matériel and personnel.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Landmine (3425 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		Anthrax spores can contaminate ground for long times, thus providing a form of area denial.
		The massive use of defoliants such as Agent Orange can be used as an interdiction measure because they leave areas empty of any form of vegetation cover.
		Explosive-based area-denial weapons (mines) may be intentionally equipped with detonators which degrade over time, either exploding them or rendering them (relatively) harmless.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=area_denial_weapons (877 words)

	Weapons? What Weapons II? \| Samizdata.net
		They are actual weapons of war, terrible and fearful because of the size of the explosion.
		Weapons of Mass Destruction will be of little consequence on the battlefield in Iraq if the war unfolds as I expect it will.
		A third of the energy from a nuclear weapons blast is released in the first fraction of a second as "prompt radiation" - X-rays, Gamma rays, neutrons, alpha particles, beta, even non-ionizing EMP EMF.
	www.samizdata.net /blog/archives/003020.html (1767 words)

	Introduction to Chemical and Biological Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The chemical weapons at the bottom of the Baltic Sea (mean depth of the Baltic Sea is 51 meters) and the North Sea represent a serious danger for the aquatic life.
		All weapons are made out of chemical elements, be it the metal shell of a grenade, sometimes made of depleted uranium, the explosive agent to propel it or the material filled into its encasing.
		CW agents, or chemical weapons, are chemical substances whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, which are used for hostile purposes to cause disease or death in humans, animals or plants and which depend on their direct toxicity for their primary effect.
	www.ceip.org /files/projects/npp/resources/Harigelreport.htm (8673 words)

	Panoramic IR Scanners
		Non-lethal weapon systems can be employed in the "sterile" zone, to act as early warning and deter innocent people from entering the restricted area.
		Non lethal area denial weapons are ranging from sticky or slippery foams and liquids, eliminating movement within buildings, or streets, to stun guns and electronic shock inducers, used to immobilize vehicle's electrical systems.
		Two of the most recent area denial systems are the M-5 Modular Crowd Control Munition (MCCM) and Taser Anti-Personal Munition (TAPM) both are a less than lethal mines, MCCM is loaded with rubber balls instead of steel pellets exploding when triggered by tripwire or sensor input.
	www.defense-update.com /features/du-2-05/protection-4.htm (436 words)

	USS Clueless - War scenario
		And there are likely to be Special Forces guys in the area ahead of time, and if the charges have to be set off manually then SF snipers may well be able to "dissuade" the guys assigned to do so.
		It is possible that they may be able to hit us a few times and kill some of our people, but outright area denial at a scale sufficient to disrupt logistics requires a thousand times as much.
		There are non-lethal area-denial weapons which can be used to dislodge people from such areas, such as extremely loud noises or stink weapons or tear gas.
	www.denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2003/02/Warscenario.shtml (2622 words)

	Joint concept (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Non-lethal weapons designed to be carried and employed at the individual level must require an absolute minimum of additional hardware and a minimal increase in equipment load.
		First, rules of engagement must be clearly articulated and understood to establish the role of non-lethal weapons as an additional means of employing force for the particular purpose of limiting the probability of death or serious injury to noncombatants—or, in some circumstances, to enemy combatants.
		A rheostatic capability provides the range of effects necessary to achieve a complete "continuum of force." It is not necessary that individual non-lethal weapons possess rheostatic characteristics (though this may be useful), only that the family of non-lethal capabilities as a whole provide this capability.
	web.grinnell.edu /techstudies/ormsby/Jointconcept.htm (8479 words)

	USS Clueless Stardate 20011004.0718
		But these are not appropriate weapons for use in a real battlefield situation against enemies who are shooting real bullets and firing real artillery pieces.
		Blinding lasers and other anti-vision weapons violate international treaties, but the real argument against them is the same as the argument against the use of lethal poison gas: retaliation in kind.
		Anti-vision weapons are relatively low tech (although expensive) and easily captured and used against our own people, and they are very difficult to defend against.
	www.electricminds.org /ussclueless/entries/00000949.htm (731 words)

	Armed non-State actors and the ban on antipersonnel mines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For example, the use of ‘area denial’ weapons, or ‘area impact munitions’ notably in Kosovo and now Iraq is creating a huge minefield in all but name, in that the weapons deployed, whilst exhibiting certain characteristics of mines, are not designated or directly intended for use as such.
		Area impact munitions differ form landmines because they are designed to expend their energy at the target, in other words it explodes on impact.
		Moreover, given the ‘area denial’ properties of certain weapon systems, agricultural paralysis results from a lack of clearance implementation designed to remove these devices from workable fields.
	www.jha.ac /articles/a124.htm (4469 words)

	USS Clueless - Stench weapons
		I've speculated here on more than one occasion about the possibility of using stink-bombs as weapons on the modern battlefield, in particular as a way of breaking a siege.
		If the odors were intolerable, powerful but ultimately not poisonous, they would violate no international treaty, and could be used as extremely effective area-denial weapons with no long term consequences (after the smell dissipated).
		But this is the kind of thing which could be turned into a battlefield weapon very rapidly if need be.
	denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2002/05/Stenchweapons.shtml (275 words)

	The Real Deal About Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Warfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		They are "Area Denial Weapons" and terror weapons that don't destroy anything.
		What I hope you've gathered by this point is that a chemical weapons attack that kills a lot of people is incredibly hard to accomplish with military grade agents and equipment, so you can imagine how hard it will be for terrorists.
		The reason terrorists amy use chemical weapons is the same as if they attempt to use industrial chemical spills: They want you to panic, to terrorize you, to herd you like sheep to the wolves.
	www.conservativetruth.org /attack/therealdeal.shtml (2334 words)

	Globalization and Maritime Power
		There is a significant debate on the level of threat that antiaccess or area denial weapons entail and whether potential opponents are actually acquiring robust and integrated antiaccess defense systems.
		This may be due to the perception that sea mines, diesel submarines, and land-based antiship missiles—currently the primary weapons of maritime antiaccess—do not need extensive cueing and battle management in the short distances of the collapsed littoral battlespace.
		A national maritime approaches and littoral surveillance system with national and regional command elements and with a coordinated sea space denial capability may be difficult for an enemy to achieve, but it is certainly conceivable, which is why it is a staple of the literature pushing military transformation.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/Books/Books_2002/Globalization_and_Maritime_Power_Dec_02/20_ch19.htm (7508 words)

	WorkingForChange-Weapons for the 'New American Century'
		"Another weapon discussed was a system that uses microwave beams to heat the water in human skin in the same way as a microwave oven cooks a meal.
		The two types of munitions are: (a) Blunt Trauma with 450 32-caliber rubber balls inside a rubber housing attached to a metal base, and (b) Distraction (flash-bang) device made of a polyurethane material which produces audible and visual distractions.
		The desired effect is to cause disorientation and distraction among a crowd in a targeted area.
	www.workingforchange.com /article.cfm?itemid=14046 (1749 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO GE-V 2015 CONCEPTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The likelihood of encountering a future anti-access adversary was a driving factor behind the scenario choice for GE V. This compendium of concept papers was produced as a part of the GE V development process and is intended to generate discussion and debate over future challenges so that they may be addressed in the game.
		The weapons and tactics of a near-peer will be much more lethal and numerous than those encountered in Iraq in 1991.
		While the procurement of platforms and weapons that have a significantly smaller footprint than current systems will take us well on our way to implementing the Support Forward strategy, equal attention needs to be afforded the shaping of those areas in which we hope to operate.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/ns/ge-v-2015.htm (11285 words)

	VX - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		VX agent is considered an area denial weapon due to its physical properties.
		The chemist Ranajit Ghosh discovered the V-series nerve agents at the Government research establishment at Porton Down, England in 1952; VX was passed over in favour of continuing with sarin as their chemical weapon of choice.
		On June 12, 2005, it was reported that more than 250,000 US gallons (950 m³) of the chemical weapon are stored at the Newport Chemical Depot in Newport, Indiana, about 30 miles (50 km) north of Terre Haute, Indiana.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/VX (991 words)

	Science Against the People - the story of JASON
		This area is virtually unpopulated, and the terrain is quite rugged, containing mostly V-shaped valleys in which the opportunity for alternate trails appears lower than it is elsewhere in the system.
		Weapons and sensors which can make a much more effective barrier, only some of which are now under development, are not likely to be available in less than 18 months to 2 years.
		Photo-reconnaissance aircraft would cover the entire area each few days to look for the development of new truckable roads, to see if the transport of supplies is being switched to porters, and to identify any other changes in the infiltration system.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /~schwrtz/SftP/Jason.html (16012 words)

	Halfbakery: Safer Land Mine
		It would have a small added cost initially, but it wouldn't create any military disadvantage, since the weapons would be just as powerful for their lifespan.
		If there was something that replaces land mines as an area denial weapon, it'd be used.
		The military would still get to keep a weapon that denies access to territory for a given time, but they could clean up cheaply afterwards.
	www.halfbakery.com /lr/idea/Safer_20Land_20Mine (1195 words)

	Iran's Naval Doctrine Stresses 'Area Denial' (Iran Press Service)
		Later in the month, an Iranian military official stressed "denial of access" and said the United States is very vulnerable at sea.
		The need to protect bases and oil facilities in the Persian Gulf makes "area denial" through mine warfare a major aspect of Iranian naval doctrine.
		Missiles are important for "area denial" as well.
	www.iran-press-service.com /ips/articles-2006/april-2006/iran_weapons_9406.shtml (738 words)

	To Fear or Fear Not... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Contrary to the hype of reporters and politicians they are not weapons of mass destruction they are "Area denial" and terror weapons that don't destroy anything.
		What I hope you've gathered by this point is that a chemical weapons attack that kills a lot of people is incredibly hard to do with military grade agents and equipment so you can imagine how hard it will be for terrorists.
		Bottom line on chemical weapons (it's the same if they use industrial chemical spills); they are intended to make you panic, to terrorize you, to herd you like sheep to the wolves.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/553972/posts (2631 words)

	Does Anthrax Scare You More Than Driving? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Chemical weapons are often referred to by the news media as "weapons of mass destruction." The facts simply do not support this description.
		Our military does not classify chemical weapons as "weapons of mass destruction." They are considered "Area Denial Weapons," whose main purpose is to force infantrymen to leave a specified area, or to degrade their ability to fight should their duty force them to stay in that area.
		Chemical weapons are not true gases; they are airborne particles, and as such tend to settle quickly to the ground.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/867303/posts (4622 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Western nations accused over landmines
		They continue to kill and maim long after the conflicts have ended and most of their victims are innocent civilians going about their daily lives.
		Our correspondent says it is clear, though, that a huge technological effort is underway to find other forms of area-denial weapons that will not fall under the Treaty's provisions.
		And Landmine Action warns that the pace of technical change means that vigilance is needed to ensure that new generations of weapons do not threaten non-combatants in future conflicts.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/1195529.stm (380 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Alternative Technologies to Replace Antipersonnel Landmines (2001)
		Although few of these countries are actively searching for or developing alternatives to landmines, many are monitoring international developments in this area; several countries are participating in a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) study on the consequences of the APL ban and possible technological alternatives that do not have the negative effects of APL.
		The Japanese Defense Agency is developing an alternative weapon system to APL called the “antipersonnel obstacle system,” which combines sensors and remote control.
		JAPAN The Japanese Defense Agency is developing an alternative weapon system to APL called the “antipersonnel obstacle system,” which combines sensors and remote control.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309073499/html/115.html (1431 words)

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