
	Where results make sense

Topic: Areal feature (linguistics)

Related Topics

Fusional language

Polysynthetic language

Agglutinative language

Synthetic language

Allomorph

Korean language

Tone sandhi

Ideogram

Affixation

Affix

Chinese calligraphy

Seal Script

In the News (Tue 24 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Areal View
		Areal velocity is the magnitude of the areal velocity vector, which is parallel (but not necessarily proportional in magnitude) to the angular velocity vector.
		An areal feature, in linguistics, is the appearance of a given feature of typology in several unrelated languages due to the influence of geographical closeness.
		For linguists researching a large geographic area, it may be sometimes difficult to attribute certain features to areal influence instead of relatedness.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/10/areal-view.html (745 words)

	Encyclopedia: Areal feature
		An areal feature, in linguistics, is the appearance of a given feature of typology in several unrelated languages due to the influence of geographical closeness.
		For linguists researching a large geographic area, it may be sometimes difficult to attribute certain features to areal influence instead of relatedness.
		For features delineated with lines, for which the direction of flow is a prominent characteristic (the feature types artificial path, canal/ditch, connector, pipeline, and stream/river), and for which the direction of flow is known, the lines are oriented in the direction of the flow of water.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Areal-feature (738 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The central feature of a linguistic area is the existence of structural similarities shared among languages of a geographical area, where usually some of the languages are genetically unrelated or at least are not all close relatives.
		Linguistic areas are similar to traditional dialects, where often one trait spreads across more territory than another trait, so that their boundaries (or territories) do not coincide (do not ‘bundle’).
		Every ‘linguistic area’, to the extent that the notion has any meaning at all, arises from an accumulation of individual cases of ‘localized diffusion’; it is the investigation of these specific instances of diffusion, and not the pursuit of defining properties for linguistic areas, that increases our understanding and explains the historical facts.
	www.linguistics.utah.edu /Faculty/campbell/CampbellArealLingEnc.doc (3199 words)

	East Asian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linguistic systems of politeness, including frequent use of honorifics, with varying levels of politeness or respect, are well-developed in Javanese, Japanese and Korean.
		Some features loosely similar to some seen in many of the even more distant African languages, such as short, tonal morphemes and a large number of noun classes are likely to have originated independently.
		Therefore many of the common areal features are likely due to borrowing between neighboring languages over thousands of years, via the typical sprachbund mechanisms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Asian_language (992 words)

	Encyclopedia: Areal feature (linguistics)
		Genetic, in linguistics, means due to descent from a common ancestor language, rather than borrowing at some time in the past between languages that were not necessarily descended from a common ancestor.
		Some linguists have suggested that Sumerian may have had tones (presumably to try and reduce the great number of homonyms of Sumerian whose lexemes and morphemes are all monosyllabic), but that hypothesis has not been generally accepted.
		Generally tone in a language is an areal, not a genetic, feature: that is, a language tends to (but does not always automatically) acquire tones if many neighboring languages also are tonal.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Areal-feature-%28linguistics%29 (708 words)

	Tone (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tone is frequently an areal rather than a genetic feature: that is, a language may acquire tones through bilingualism if influential neighboring languages are tonal, or if speakers of a tonal language switch to the language in question.
		Mandarin has a contour tone system, where the distinguishing feature of the tones are their shifts in pitch (their pitch shapes or contours, such as rising, falling, dipping, or peaking) rather than simply their pitch relative to each other as in a register tone system.
		In African linguistics (as well as in many African orthographies), usually a set of accent marks is used to mark tone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tone_(linguistics) (2900 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tone (linguistics)
		As a result, when one combines tone with sentence prosody, the absolute pitch of a high tone at the end of a clause may be lower than that of a low tone at the beginning, because average pitch tends to decrease with time in a process called downdrift.
		Tone is the use of pitch ((baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter) in language (A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) to distinguish words.
		When this occurs, tones are equally important and essential as phoneme ((linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language) s (discrete speech sounds, for example, /t/, or /d/), and they are referred to as tonemes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tone-(linguistics) (582 words)

	Sprachbund - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Sprachbund (German for language bond, also known as a linguistic area, convergence area, diffusion area) is a group of languages that have become similar in some way because of geographical proximity.
		Many linguists think the Mongolian, Turkic, and Manchu-Tungus families of northern Asia are genetically related, in a group they call Altaic, but the evidence is equivocal, and their common features such as vowel harmony might instead mean they are part of a Sprachbund.
		Areal features are common features of a group of languages in a Sprachbund.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sprachbund (337 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.2413: Gilbers et al., Languages in Contact
		In addition, the focus on "structural features" is to avoid the inclusion, in a certain Sprachbund, of all the languages that may have borrowed lexical items from languages belonging to the area in question without undertaking a close direct contact.
		The stress on contact as the catalyst for structural convergence in areal linguistics is the very raison d'ï¿½tre of this field since many cross- linguistic features may be shared among languages, which may not be in direct contact nor linked genetically, either by conforming to some Universal Grammar principles or simply by accident.
		The fact that a lot has still to be done in areal linguistics makes the answer to where the areal features come from not an easy one, since it is not obvious in all the cases what the original source language was and how the processes of contact and change took place.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-2413.html (1778 words)

	Sino-Tibetan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many of the languages are tonal, which however is usually considered to be an areal feature rather than evidence of a genealogical relationship.
		For example, some word pairs that can only be distinguished by tone in mainstream Mandarin have different vowels or consonants in some of the Mandarin "dialects", suggesting that tone is needed, or at least its role is reinforced, because words that might have been pronounced differently in a parent language now require tone to differentiate.
		Other linguists, especially in China, believe the Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien languages belong in Sino-Tibetan, though this view has fallen out of favor in the West, with the similarities being credited to borrowings and areal features.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sino-Tibetan (853 words)

	Linguistics course description : Chulalongkorn University
		Linguistic evidence for language variation and change ; relationship between language variation and change ; interpretation of old texts for language change analysis ; principles in analysing sound change, lexical change and syntactic change with exercises ; language families in Southeast Asia and their relationship with variation and change in modern Thai.
		Theory and practice of linguistic field methods; techniques for eliciting language data for several aspects of linguistic analysis with emphasis on interviewing; recording and analysis of language data collected by applying the theories learned from other linguistic courses; proposal of a field research project and presentation of the results.
		Application of linguistic theories in teaching and learning of native and foreign languages; sociocultural and psychological factors affecting language learning; language curriculum design; approaches in language teaching.
	www.arts.chula.ac.th /~ling/ling051.html (1588 words)

	Language Policy and Linguistic Culture in Tamilnadu
		Their linguistic behavior is in fact restricted to the L domains, and use of H domains is de facto the monopoly of the educated few.
		If diglossia is an aspect of linguistic culture, it may result from and be maintained by the same forces that lead to the existence and maintenance of linguistic areas (Emeneau 1956); that is, diglossia may be an areal feature as well as a feature of a particular linguistic culture within the area.
		The principal feature of the `roadblock' is the reluctance or outright refusal of the target language speaker (TLS) to carry on a conversation with the language learner in the target language.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/sars238/tamil238.html (12065 words)

	The Bipartite Stem Belt
		Discussion of its defining features is often couched in terms of "instrumental prefixes" and "locative(- directive) suffixes".
		The next areal wave, involving grammaticalization of LDS's and the development of bipartite stems not involving instrumental/classifying prefixes, apparently excluded Karok and Takelma; where Pomoan stands in this development is not entirely clear, but my current interpretation is that it participated to some extent in this second stage.
		The third wave of areal influence is the hypertrophy of the bipartite stem system in the core languages.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~delancey/papers/bls96.html (5367 words)

	[No title]
		Apart from other factors that have nothing to do with linguistics, this oversight of Yiddish, widespread both among Germanists and native speakers of the language, stemmed from the notion of Yiddish as a mere variety of German, substandard at that - hence the widely used disparaging designation of this language as "the jargon".
		The conditions for such linguistic separation appeared in the 13th and 14th centuries with the massive Jewish migration eastward, to Poland and Lithuania, which eventually merged into a single kingdom.
		The principle in fact makes it impossible to write in Yiddish without thorough linguistic competence in another language, as it presumes the writer to be able to distinguish words of his/her native language by their provenance and to be proficient in Hebrew spelling.
	vulfplotkin.tripod.com /yiddish.html (3624 words)

	Languge death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Indeed, in her ranking of stability hierarchies word order was the most unstable feature in language stocks, and the most stable areal feature (the other features are alignment, head/dependent marking, and complexity).
		Whatever the linguistic situation may have been on the streets of Nippur or the small villages of Sumer, there is a fascinating clue as to the language of the royal court.
		Linguists have lamented the loss of intellectual, affective and poetic aspects of human life that die together with languages (Woodbury 1998, Mithun 1998).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~piotrm/DIGLOS~1.htm (9665 words)

	SIL-UND Course Listings
		Language and Linguistics Package (Introductory Package A) This is the core package of courses that most students start with; it provides a solid foundation for further advanced study in linguistics.
		Practical aspects of linguistic fieldwork and analysis, including an intensive practicum with speakers of a non-Western language for the purposes of developing skill in data collection, data management (using some computational tools), and the analysis and description of the phonological, grammatical and lexical structures of human languages.
		Historical-comparative linguistics employs the comparative method as a means for determining genetic relationship between language varieties, positing linguistic groupings based on shared innovations and for reconstructing a proto-language for each group.
	www.und.nodak.edu /dept/linguistics/courses.htm (3335 words)

	Linguist List - Reviews Available for the Book
		She lists, then, the typological features of Sinitic, followed by a brief note on Chinese dialect history and by some considerations on areal features of South-East Asia.
		Then he discusses the main obstacles to the development of constraints on borrowing: ''the social, political and historical context of the languages in contact, borrowing versus substratum influence, emblematicity constraints, the problem of language death, the issue of the reliability of data, and the problem of multiple causation for language change'' (Curnow: 434).
		Finally, he summarizes which features are more likely to be borrowed under language contact, according to the data provided by the contributors to the volume.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/reviews/get-review.cfm?SubID=27474 (3665 words)

	Related Articles on Kurdish Language
		Not every native speaker is an ideal linguistic informant, but by befriending these people and gaining their trust, a lot of the mistakes of the past (both linguistic and otherwise) can be addressed.
		This Kurdish-Russian dictionary was the work of a trained linguist, a native speaker of the language The entries are in the Cyrillic alphabet, distinguishing both aspirated/unaspirated consonant pairs (p/p'; t/t'; k/k'; ç/ç') and differentiating guttural (ع/ح/غ) from (e/h/x).
		It consists of a linguistic analysis, folkloristic texts with French translation, and accompanying glossaries of Southern Kurmanji material she collected in Amadiya and the Yezidi region of Jabal Sinjar, Iraqi Kurdistan in 1967 and 1968.
	www.kurdishacademy.org /english/articles/articles-017.html (4966 words)

	Areal feature (linguistics) at AllExperts
		In linguistics, an areal feature is any typological feature shared by languages within the same geographical area.
		Resemblances between two or more languages (whether typological or in vocabulary) can be due to genetic relation (descent from a common ancestor language), or due to borrowing at some time in the past between languages that were not necessarily genetically related.
		When little or no direct documentation of ancestor languages is available, it can be hard to determine whether a similarity is genetic or areal.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/ar/areal_feature_(linguistics).htm (206 words)

	Stealing the Fire
		Jost was a Germanic trained linguist at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, while Einstein was a graduate student there; they even shared a rooming house together; and to top it off, Einstein in his later years referred many times to this Germanic linguist, crediting him as the source of many of Al's most important ideas.
		Though most linguists were still sleeping, at least two were this time awake and participating as a century of fire-stealing came full circle.
		Linguistics, unlike 'hard science', as that name implies, has always had to balance form and meaning in its equations -- and it is exactly the meaning part that other sciences are so envious of, and why they try to steal our fire.
	www.enformy.com /dma-stf.htm (2543 words)

	Linguistics Course Listings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Introduction to theory and methods of linguistics: universal properties of human language; phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic structures and analysis; nature and form of grammar.
		Holistic approach to study of language, with emphasis on relationship of linguistic anthropology to fields of biological, cultural, and social anthropology, as well as archaeology.
		Discussion of major syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic characteristics of Korean in light of linguistic universals, with brief introduction to formation, typological features, and phonological structure of Korean.
	www.registrar.ucla.edu /catalog/catalog05-07-5-32.htm (3500 words)

	The Ultimate Tone (linguistics) - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Austronesian languages are generally non-tonal: Malay-Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, Cham — the language of Indianized kingdom of Champa in southern Vietnam, Malagasy and the Polynesian languages such as Fijian, Hawaiian, Maori, Samoan, Pascuan, etc. which are the best known Austronesian languages, are all non-tonal.
		Panjabi is a true tone language where the tones arose as a reinterpretation of a consonant series in terms of pitch.
		How the tones of syllables are handled when a song is sung in a tonal language depends on the language, as it is generally governed by the respective culture's traditions.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Tonal_language (1526 words)

	[No title]
		The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 1998 Chief Editor: Rajendra Singh, University of Montreal ISSN:0971-9539 ISBN:0-7619-9231-6(US-hb);81-7036-685-2(India-hb) Contributors: Abel, Agha, Ayyar, Bhatia, Bhattacharya, Bright, Comrie, Dasgupta, Jayseelan, Kidwai, Kiparsky, Krishnamurti, Mesthrie, Nara, Peterson, Rahman, Saleemi, Shah, Tiffou, and Vasishth.
		Primarily written in three distinct scripts, a unique feature of the language is that, along with Lahanda and the Western Pahari dialects, it is the only modern Indo-European language spoken in South-East Asia which is tonal in nature.
		Among the topics dealt with are the given/new distinction, syntactic agreement, ergatives, transitives and unaccusatives, the Split-VP hypothesis, the Obligatory Case Parameter, the three-layered Case Theory and Principle-Based Parsing.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /sassn/6.text (6087 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)