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Topic: Areca

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	Areca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Areca is a genus of about 50 species of single-stemmed palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from Malaysia to the Solomon Islands.
		Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, are routinely used for chewing, especially along with tobacco and calcium oxide (lime).
		This practice is popular among elderlies in South East Asia, often the main cause of oral cancer in the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Areca (105 words)

	BETEL-ARECA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Areca nut is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances with several hundred million users worldwide, predominantly in southern Asia.
		Areca nut given in the diet produced squamous-cell carcinomas of the stomach and unspecified malignant uterine tumours in one study and oesophageal papillomas and a carcinoma in another study in male and female mice.
		The tumour-promoting effect of areca nut was demonstrated in one study in mice, one study in rats and three studies in hamsters.
	www-cie.iarc.fr /htdocs/monographs/vol85/85-01-betel-areca.html (3252 words)

	PACSOA - Areca vestiaria
		Areca vestiaria, a clustering, shade-loving ornamental palm is native to North Sulawesi, the northernmost province of Sulawesi Island (formerly known as Celebes).
		By whatever name Areca vestiaria was known until recently, this wild palm is one of the most beautiful ornamental pinnate palms, comparable only to the sealing-wax palm in beauty.
		(Founding-Editor of Principes), and Areca vestiaria are synonyms.
	www.pacsoa.org.au /palms/Areca/vestiaria.html (1372 words)

	TED Case Study Template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The betel nut is the seed of the areca, or betel palm (Areca catechu), family Palmae, and the betel leaf is form the betel pepper, or pan plant (Piper betle), family Piperaceae.
		For chewing, a small piece of the areca palm’s fruit is wrapped in a leaf of the betel pepper, along with a pellet of shell lie or chunam to cause salivation and release the stimulating alkaloids.
		Eating areca nuts is one major reason for Oral Cavity Cancer in Taiwan, since the present way of Taiwanese eating areca nut adds many relishes in it, such as the inflorescence and the leaf of the piper betel plant: and a paste of slaked lime.
	www.eagle1.american.edu /~cl3754a (3370 words)

	Areca Palm Production Guide
		Areca palm seedling plants are currently available as 2 1/4 to 3-inch liners established in small pots or cavity trays, or as 10 or 14-inch seedlings having bare roots or rooted in community trays.
		Arecas are propagated from seed with approximately 50 seeds to an ounce.
		Sclerotinia blight of Areca palms is most severe on plants less than 2 ft. tall, since they are densely planted (up to 100 seeds in an 8 in pot) creating ideal conditions for infection and disease development.
	www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu /Foliage/folnotes/areca.htm (1874 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Areca Nut - Herb Profile and Information
		Arecaine is the active principle of the Areca Nut.
		In this country Areca Nut is made into a dentrifrice on account of its astringent properties.
		The Cabbage Palm, which grows profusely in the West Indies, derives its name from the bud topping the tall stem; this consists of leaves wrapped round each other as in the cabbage, the heart of which is white inside.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/a/areca056.html (493 words)

	Town Crier - June 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ARECA is trying to set up a meeting with the Planner who has been assigned to this property.
		Areca met with staff advisors and members of the student council in an attempt to resolve some issues concerning the school pupils and the neighbouring community.
		ARECA is a volunteer association that represents the area bounded by Eglinton Avenue West, Yonge Street, Roselawn Avenue, Avenue Road, St Clements Avenue and Chaplin Road.
	www.areca.info /Town%20Crier%20-%20June%202004.htm (526 words)

	17FACT
		Areca nut chewing is a practice of great antiquity in many parts of Asia and in some Pacific islands.
		The areca nut is the fruit of the tree Areca catechu, a palm with a tall slender stem crowned by a tuft of large, elegant leaves.
		Areca nut is most commonly chewed as a constituent of betel quid.
	www.globalink.org /tobacco/fact_sheets/17fact.htm (925 words)

	Acupuncturetoday.com \| tell me about Areca Peel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Also known as betel nut or pinang, areca peel refers to the dried pericarp, or husk, that forms around a betel nut (areca catechu).
		Areca peel is associated with several meridians, including the Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Spleen and Stomach meridians.
		The generally recommended dose of areca peel is 6-9 grams per day, usually taken with water as a decoction.
	www.acupuncturetoday.com /herbcentral/arecapeel.html (388 words)

	BETEL - betel cutter, preparing of the quid, lime container, areca nut, the 13 spices.
		The areca nut, known as « supari » is derived from a complex chemical compound and is rich in alkaloids and tannin.
		The areca nut is eaten full of juice, as is the variety dried in the sun (white supari) which has plenty of flavour.
		People who live there, just put into their mouth a whole areca nut and a few betel leaves, which are not rolled, they then brush the lime over their gums and the inside of their cheeks.
	www.le-betel.com /recettes/en_recettes.htm (1328 words)

	Areca Palm, chrysalidocarpus lutescens
		In almost all other landscapes, the areca palm is not handled properly.
		Not fussy for soil (although enriched soil is preferred) or water, this is a fine outdoor palm, but is seen sold for indoor use which is not correct.
		Arecas can contract Mushroom Root-Rot so go easy on the water and do not plant where this disease has been known to have been in the soil in the past 5 years.
	mgonline.com /areca.html (260 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka / Shimoga News : Areca growers demand support price
		Areca growers staged a dharna on the premises of the Deputy Commissioner's office here on Tuesday demanding, among other things, minimum support price for their produce.
		The main demands of the demonstrators included the creation of a separate board for areca to protect the interests of its growers; creation of the growers' market; waiving of the interest on the loan taken for the areca growing and earmarking of at least Rs.
		The demonstration was jointly organised by the Akhil Bharat Abhiraksha Mandalam (Areca Growers') Welfare Association and the Sagar and the Shimoga Prantya Adike Belegarara Sanghs.
	www.hindu.com /2005/02/23/stories/2005022305060300.htm (284 words)

	Betel-Quid and Areca-Nut Chewing (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 37, 1985)
		Areca nut or aqueous extracts of areca nut were tested in mice by oral intubation, dietary administration, skin application, and intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection.
		In hamsters, administration of areca nut and application of aqueous or dimethyl sulphoxide extracts to the cheek-pouch mucosa resulted in squamous-cell carcinomas of the cheek pouch and carcinomas of the forestomach.
		Arecoline (an alkaloid of areca nut) was tested in mice by oral intubation and by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection, and in hamsters by feeding or application to the cheek-pouch mucosa in combination with lime.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol37/betelquid.html (1687 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Gene cancer link in areca chewers
		The team looked at variations of the HO-1 gene in 147 areca chewers with mouth cancer, 71 with oral submucous fibrosis, a scarring condition of the mouth, and 83 people without mouth cancer.
		Areca nut chewing is particularly common in men, with as many as one in five chewing it in areas of Asia.
		This report suggests that if people chew areca and also possess this particular gene variant - their risk of the disease is even higher.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3737700.stm (433 words)

	Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut related nitrosamines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In making this new finding, the working group had available recent epidemiological studies from India and Pakistan which allowed to disentangle the effect of betel quid with and without tobacco, and studies from Taiwan (China), where tobacco is not added to the betel quid.
		Areca nut, a common ingredient of betel quid and many different chewing preparations, including those available commercially, has been observed to cause oral submucous fibrosis (a pre-cancerous condition that can progress to malignant oral cancer).
		The working group also evaluated areca nut as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), on the basis of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals, induction of oral submucous fibrosis in humans and strong mechanistic evidence.
	monographs.iarc.fr /htdocs/announcements/vol85.htm (494 words)

	Mazatec Garden Areca catechu Information
		Areca nuts are often chewed in a mixture with betel leaves and lime (which is an activator), which is how they came to be called betel nuts, even though they do not come from the betel plant.
		Areca catechu is also used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat headaches, stomach pains, venereal disease, fever, rheumatism and a number of other complaints.
		In India betel has been integrated within the social and religious system, the gods are said to lack betel in heaven and that humans should offer them betel to keep them in a beneficial mood.
	www.mazatecgarden.com /information/Areca_info.htm (329 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka News : Areca crisis continues despite support price
		The areca growers in Uttara Kannada are yet to benefit by the support price scheme with the main problem being the size of red areca.
		The support price was extended to areca having a circumference of 22 mm., which was later increased to cover even those which had a circumference of 26 mm.
		The support price should be fixed as per the size of the areca grown in different areas, he says.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2004/05/12/stories/2004051203920300.htm (295 words)

	Factibilidad de la Areca lutescens para la alimentación animal - Monografias.com
		Consumo de Areca lutescens y de la palmiche mezclada en igual cantidad ofertada a seis animales en el período principal desde 93 a 123 días de edad, con vistas a apreciar posible prioridad por alguno de los dos alimentos.
		Experimento III Oferta de harina de Areca lutescens previamente secada al sol hasta 8 días, en tres animales hermanos de camada en el período principal del mismo peso y sexo, con 108 días de edad al inicio hasta los 138 días.
		The comparison of the Areca lutescens against the offered yellow Areca both mature and dry, then compared blended with the palmiche in same quantities didn't manifest significant differences in the reached weight and the consumption, representing the gain respectively a 44,20 and 39,10% before the norms.
	www.monografias.com /trabajos13/lutes/lutes.shtml (1623 words)

	Areca growers ask Govt for support price - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He opposed the present policy of offering support price even to the chali variety on the basis of its size because this would not benefit the areca farmers of this area.
		The problem with areca growers is that they do not know how to lobby to get their demands met, he added.
		Areca growers T S Chandrashekar and A V Mohan also addressed the gathering.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/dec08/d6.asp (235 words)

	arecacatechu
		The effects of Areca catechu L extract on anti-inflammation and anti-melanogenesis.
		Areca nut extract inhibits the growth, attachment, and matrix protein synthesis of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.
		Determination of arecoline and arecaidine in areca by reversed-phase, ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.
	www.newcrops.uq.edu.au /listing/arecacatechu.htm (2423 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka News : Find alternative uses for areca: expert
		Areca growing can be more profitable if its medicinal properties were found, he said.
		He said that in China, the average yield of areca per hectare is 3,752 kg, while it is 1,150 kg in India.
		Bisaliah called for a comprehensive research on the cost of areca production taking into account the initial investment for six years, advantages of inter-cropping, cost of labour and the estimated yield during the life span of the areca plants.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2005/02/08/stories/2005020802090300.htm (451 words)

	WHO \| IARC Monographs Programme finds betel-quid and areca-nut chewing carcinogenic to humans
		The working group also concluded that the areca nut, a common component of many different chewing habits, is carcinogenic to humans.
		Betel quid generally consists of betel leaf (from the Piper betle vine), areca nut (from the Areca catechu tree), and slaked lime (predominantly calcium hydroxide), to which tobacco is often added.
		Areca nut, a common component of all betel quid preparations, has been observed to cause oral submucous fibrosis (a pre-cancerous condition that can progress to malignant oral cancer), leading to the determination that areca nut itself is carcinogenic to humans.
	www.who.int /mediacentre/releases/2003/priarc/en (834 words)

	Cancer Research UK: Areca-nut chewers with faulty gene have higher risk of mouth cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While all areca chewers have an increased chance of developing mouth cancer, scientists believe the genetic make-up of a person is likely to influence their susceptibility to the disease.
		This report suggests that if people chew areca and also possess this particular gene variant – their risk of the disease is even higher.
		People who chew areca nut, paan or paan masasla (with areca nut in it) have an increased risk of mouth cancer but people who chew the mixture with tobacco have an even higher risk of the disease.
	www.cancerresearchuk.org /news/pressreleases/betelnut_12oct04 (858 words)

	ArecaWeb \| About Us >> Why Areca?
		Areca develops interpersonal relationships with clients, that expand upon top quality service.
		Areca designers believe in the policy of building Web sites that are marketable, profitable and user friendly.
		Areca is able to offer our clients an unrivalled amount of advice and expertise.
	www.arecaweb.com /new/why.html (185 words)

	OISec » Areca Linux support in 2.6.11-mm2
		It looks like the drivers are based on 1.20.00.05, which is peculair as these are not yet released (last version 10.20.00.04) by Areca (atleast the Areca FTP site hasn't got them).
		The changelog of 2.6.11-mm2 also indicates some fixes and that their is a lot of work needed to fix up these driver to 2.6 standards.
		There is a little patch by Andrew Morton to make the Areca driver compile everywhere (kernel source does not have to be in /usr/src/linux).
	mt.oisec.net /archive/2005/03/08/areca_linux_supporhellip (646 words)

	definition of areca
		A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
		And, Areca, Betel, Chewed, Genus, In, India, Is, Leaf, Lime, Nut, Of, One, Or, Palms, Piper, Produces, Species, The, Which, With
		Areca, Betel, Genus, In, India, Is, Leaf, Lime, Nut, One, Or, Piper, Species, Which
	www.brainydictionary.com /words/ar/areca132129.html (108 words)

	Areca nut use: an independent risk factor for oral cancer -- Warnakulasuriya et al. 324 (7341): 799 -- BMJ
		Areca nut is the seed of the fruit of the oriental palm, Areca catechu.
		Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: consensus from a workshop held in Kuala Lampur, Malaysia, November 25-27, 1996.
		The areca nut chewing habit and oral squamous cell carcinoma in South African Indians.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/324/7341/799 (1077 words)

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