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Topic: Areca nut

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	Betel nut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Betel nuts are often chewed for their intoxicating effects, which are caused by the relatively high levels of alkaloids in the seed.
		The most important active principles of betel nut are arecaine and arecoline, alkaloids which are comparable to nicotine in its stimulating, mildly intoxicating and appetite-suppressing effects on the mind.
		In India (the largest consumer of betel nut), the betel nut is cut into small pieces using a special instrument called sarota, and the husk is wrapped in a betel leaf along with lime and may include clove, cardamom, catechu (kattha), etc for extra flavouring.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Betel_nut (1375 words)

	BETEL-ARECA
		In Taiwan, China, the unripe areca nut is chewed with slaked lime and betel inflorescence, sometimes wrapped in betel leaf.
		Areca nut given in the diet produced squamous-cell carcinomas of the stomach and unspecified malignant uterine tumours in one study and oesophageal papillomas and a carcinoma in another study in male and female mice.
		The tumour-promoting effect of areca nut was demonstrated in one study in mice, one study in rats and three studies in hamsters.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol85/85-01-betel-areca.html (3382 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Areca Nut - Herb Profile and Information
		Arecaine is the active principle of the Areca Nut.
		In this country Areca Nut is made into a dentrifrice on account of its astringent properties.
		Of the Fluid Extract of Areca Nut, 1 drachm.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/a/areca056.html (493 words)

	Betel nut beauty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Taiwanese betel nut kiosks, heavily decorated with bright neon lights, are most common on highways and suburban roads in the western part of the island, such as around Taichung.
		The anti-sexual exploitation group Garden of Hope, for example, is less optimistic about the autonomy of betel nut girls, whom it sees as child labor exploited by management and sometimes by their own family members as well.
		Working as a betel nut beauty is seen as starting on a slippery slope leading to substance abuse and prostitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Betel_nut_beauty (560 words)

	TED Case Study Template
		The betel nut is the seed of the areca, or betel palm (Areca catechu), family Palmae, and the betel leaf is form the betel pepper, or pan plant (Piper betle), family Piperaceae.
		For chewing, a small piece of the areca palm’s fruit is wrapped in a leaf of the betel pepper, along with a pellet of shell lie or chunam to cause salivation and release the stimulating alkaloids.
		Eating areca nuts is one major reason for Oral Cavity Cancer in Taiwan, since the present way of Taiwanese eating areca nut adds many relishes in it, such as the inflorescence and the leaf of the piper betel plant: and a paste of slaked lime.
	www.american.edu /ted/areca.htm (3370 words)

	Nut Information by Ray Sahelian, M.D.
		Frequent nut consumption is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers, and lower risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
		Kukui nut is popular in Hawaii and used topically for psoriasis although little research exists to substantiate the effectiveness of kukui nut oil applied topically for the treatment of psoriasis.
		Nuts are high in fat but have a fatty acid profile that may be beneficial in relation to risk of coronary heart disease.
	www.raysahelian.com /nut.html (1346 words)

	Betel Nut : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., Benefits of Betel Nut
		Betel nut is chewed regularly by at least 10% of the world population, imported by immigrant users wherever they settle, and is the fourth most widely used addictive substance.
		The crude extract of betel nuts or Areca catechu caused a dose-dependent spasmogenic effect in the isolated rabbit jejunum.
		The objectives were to assess experimentally effects of areca nut (betel nut) on fasting and postprandial energy metabolism, substrate utilization and hunger.
	www.raysahelian.com /betelnut.html (1262 words)

	BETEL - betel cutter, preparing of the quid, lime container, areca nut, the 13 spices.
		The areca nut, known as « supari » is derived from a complex chemical compound and is rich in alkaloids and tannin.
		The areca nut is eaten full of juice, as is the variety dried in the sun (white supari) which has plenty of flavour.
		The half-ripe nut is marinated in milk or « Kattha » and dried in the shade.
	www.le-betel.com /recettes/en_recettes.htm (1328 words)

	Drugs & Supplements: Betel Nut (Areca catechu L.) (Print Version)
		Betel nut is reportedly used by a substantial portion of the world's population as a recreational drug due to its CNS stimulant activity.
		Betel nut is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the risk of birth defects or spontaneous abortion.
		Betel nut extracts may lower blood cholesterol levels based on animal study, and may increase the effects of agents that lower cholesterol levels, such as fish oil, garlic, guggul, and niacin.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/print/druginfo/natural/patient-betelnut.html (2318 words)

	Betel-Quid and Areca-Nut Chewing (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 37, 1985)
		Areca nut or aqueous extracts of areca nut were tested in mice by oral intubation, dietary administration, skin application, and intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection.
		In hamsters, administration of areca nut and application of aqueous or dimethyl sulphoxide extracts to the cheek-pouch mucosa resulted in squamous-cell carcinomas of the cheek pouch and carcinomas of the forestomach.
		Arecoline (an alkaloid of areca nut) was tested in mice by oral intubation and by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection, and in hamsters by feeding or application to the cheek-pouch mucosa in combination with lime.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol37/betelquid.html (1687 words)

	Fowler \| Scholar \| Betel
		The words "betel nut" rang a bell for me; somewhere I had heard that betel was chewed by Indonesian truck drivers to keep themselves alert on long hauls.
		What betel chewers put in their mouths is primarily areca nut, sometimes wrapped in betel leaf, with mineral lime usually added as a catalyst.
		Areca nut is the seed of the tall, slender areca palm (areca catechu), native to the fringes of the Indian and west Pacific Oceans.
	www.epistola.com /sfowler/scholar/scholar-betel.html (2098 words)

	Herbs & Oils-Hello Indya- Ayurveda, Unani, Herbal medicines, India, Henna, Honey, essential oils, Online Consultation, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Areca Nut contains a large quantity of tannin, also gallic acid, a fixed oil gum, a little volatile oil, lignin, and various saline substances.
		Areca Nut is aromatic and astringent and is said to intoxicate when first taken.
		In Malabar Areca Dicksoni is found growing wild and is used by the poor as a substitute for the true Betel Nut (A. aleraceae).
	www.helloindya.com /herb_oils/herb_areca_nut.htm (486 words)

	The price of free trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The crisis in areca nut farming is a classic example of the ruinous impact of the World Trade Organisation regime on Indian agriculture and livelihoods.
		The areca nut labourers are on the verge of starvation.
		The areca nut labourers get work for only eight to ten days in a month and are paid at the rate of Rs 25 to 30 per day as daily wage.
	www.humanscape.org /Humanscape/2005/Jan/theprice.php (1065 words)

	The Hindu : Sci Tech / Agriculture : Ideal intercrops in areca-nut plantations
		PEPPER, BANANA and cocoa are among the promising intercrops in areca nut plantations, according to scientists Ravi Bhat and S. Sujatha of the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) Regional Station at Vittal, Karnataka.
		From a high density, multi-species cropping trial involving areca nut, pepper, cocoa and banana as component crops, the CPCRI scientists found that recycling of organic matter from the system could reduce 50 per cent each of nitrogen and potash requirement of the system.
		The drip irrigation requirement is found to be the same for both component of crops in areca nut and cocoa mixed cropping system, according to the scientists.
	www.hindu.com /seta/2004/11/11/stories/2004111100111600.htm (576 words)

	Betelnut or Pugua Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Nut chewing is definitely an acquired habit more commonly passed down from grandparents (called guelo) to grandchildren.
		Depending on species, the nut sizes vary from thumbnail to fist size and the kernel (nut) is surrounded by husk.
		While betel-chewing (Areca nut, sprinkled with slaked lime and wrapped in a Piper betel leaf which produces a very bitter and sharp tasting chewable poultice) results in heavily stained and worn teeth, it prevents cavities from forming.
	ns.gov.gu /pugua.html (467 words)

	Oral Cancer and Areca Nut, Betel Nut, Paan, Gutka
		Most people perceive [areca nut] solely as a cultural factor and they have no knowledge of the fact that there is any harm caused by this product.
		Areca, which is often chewed with tobacco is highly addictive and Trevidy says there are inadequate health warnings, insufficient public awareness and no substitute products.
		According to a study conducted by Trevidy of areca use in North West London, areca was found to be addictive as amphetamines.
	rdoc.org.uk /areca_betel_nut.html (1055 words)

	British Journal of Cancer - Press Release - BETEL-NUT CHEWERS WITH FAULTY GENE HAVE HIGHER RISK OF MOUTH CANCER
		Chewing the nut on its own or with a mixture of tobacco, lime and spices wrapped in the leaf of the betel tree is a popular habit in Asian countries and among British Asians.
		While all areca chewers have an increased chance of developing mouth cancer, scientists believe the genetic make-up of a person is likely to influence their susceptibility to the disease.
		People who chew areca nut, paan or paan masasla (with areca nut in it) have an increased risk of mouth cancer but people who chew the mixture with tobacco have an even higher risk of the disease.
	www.nature.com /bjc/press_releases/press_release_58.html (848 words)

	The Betel Nut
		The nut along with a leaf or leaves of the betel climber, a vine which is usually found growing with the areca palm, and a bit of raw limestone are mixed into a paste.
		Sometimes as little as one betel climber leaf and areca nut upon a plate are presented.
		While the use of the betel nut is dying out in the cities, at almost every non-Christian wedding party, along with the cakes, sweetmeats, tea, etc., the betel chew will be found.
	www.usssatyr.com /betel.htm (850 words)

	Non-Edible Nut-Like Fruits
		The dried nuts are crushed with lime and catechu, a scarlet and astringent extract made by boiling chips of wood from the areca palm, plus some spices.
		The nicker nut is a hard, brown, round seed, almost an inch in diameter, that is cultivated in India to produce a fruit that children use like marbles.
		Olive nuts are seeds from a tree found in India, Java, and Australia, that are used as beads for necklaces, rosaries, heads of hatpins and other ornamental objects.
	www.innvista.com /health/foods/seeds/nutlike.htm (1797 words)

	ApolloLife - Features
		Betel nut, also called Areca nut, Pinang or Penang, either of two different plants whose fruit is used in combination for chewing, or masticatory purposes throughout wide areas of southern Asia and the East Indies.
		The betel nut is the seed of the areca, or betel palm (Areca catechu), family Palmae, and the betel leaf is from the betel pepper, or pan plant (Piper betle), family Piperaceae.
		Areca nut is most commonly chewed as a constituent of betel quid.
	channels.apollolife.com /show.asp?NewAid=7437 (483 words)

	Totgars' - Crop Information - Arecanut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Areca nut is cultivated in India in an area of 2.64 lakh hectares with an average annual production of 3.13 tonnes.
		The major areca nut growing countries in the world are India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines.
		Areca nut grows well in deep and well-drained soils with low water table.
	www.tssindia.net /arecanut.html (207 words)

	The Bin-lang Files: The Story of the Nut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		All were happy to chew upon the nut and the fortunate coveted their knowledge of the fruit of the Areca Palm or Betel-Nut Tree.
		The chewing of the nut was to become a potent symbol of 'being Taiwanese', and was sufficiently widespread to be known as Taiwanese chewing gum.
		The betel nut is the fruit of the Betel Palm (Areca catechu).
	takaoclub.com /binlang/index.htm (822 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Gene cancer link in areca chewers
		Chewing the nut, also known as the betel, is popular in Asia and among UK Asians as it contains arecoline - a stimulant thought to improve memory.
		Areca nut chewing is particularly common in men, with as many as one in five chewing it in areas of Asia.
		This report suggests that if people chew areca and also possess this particular gene variant - their risk of the disease is even higher.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3737700.stm (433 words)

	eMedicine - Oral Submucous Fibrosis : Article Excerpt by: Nektarios I Lountzis, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Betel quid or pan is a chew preparation consisting of the areca nut (the fruit of the areca palm tree, often termed betel nut), combined with betel leaf (Piper betel, a pepper shrub), tobacco, lime, and catechu (Cox, 1996).
		In a recent study, a clear dose-dependent relationship was observed for both frequency and duration of chewing areca nut (without tobacco) in the development of OSF (Jacob, 2004).
		Areca nuts have also been shown to have a high copper content, and chewing areca nuts for 5-30 minutes significantly increases soluble copper levels in oral fluids.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/byname/oral-submucous-fibrosis.htm (646 words)

	Betel Nut (Areca catechu L.)
		Role of areca nut in betel quid-associated chemical carcinogenesis: current awareness and future perspectives.
		Betel nut and tobacco chewing; potential risk factors of cancer of oesophagus in Assam, India.
		Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia.
	allnutritionals.com /natural-products/betel-nut-areca-catechu-l.shtml (1628 words)

	betel nut: areca catechu
		The nut from this variety of a palm tree is the more popular worldwide than alcohol or tobacco.
		The nut, which is large and similar to nutmeg, is wrapped in the leaf of the betel pepper (Piper chavica betel) and sprinkled with burnt lime, catechu gum from the Malayan acacia tree (Acacia catechu) and nutmeg, cardamom or other species.
		Long-term overuse of betel nut is said to weaken sexual potency.
	members.tripod.com /herbal_healing/A11.htm (152 words)

	Tradition of Chewing Paan, coconut palms , areca nut
		The tradition of chewing betel leaf or paan as it is commonly known in Hindi is age-old and deeply rooted in India.
		One of the most important ingredients of a betel preparation is the areca nut (which in botanical terms is not a nut, but a seed) the fruit of the areca palm, areca catech, has a slender growth and is often considered to be the most beautiful of the palms.
		Folded betel leaf containing lime, catechu, areca nut, cardamom, etc., are distributed at wedding parties.
	www.indiaprofile.com /religion-culture/paanchewing.htm (1399 words)

	BETEL - betel cutter, collection, collector, quid, betel quid, lime container, areca nut, collection, collector
		The mortar is sometimes used for the ground areca nut.
		When you open the case small trays can be seen which are used for spices : saffron, ground nutmeg and areca nut, tobacco, gambir, cardamom ; This part may be removed, the betel leaves can be placed underneath,or the ready made quids.
		On top of them placed on a tray are boxes of lime, spices and areca ground nut, or sometimes a cornet for betel leaves.
	www.le-betel.com /index_en.htm (487 words)

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