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Topic: Arenaviridae

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	Are Doctors Ready for Bioterrorism? - Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses
		Ebola and Marburg viruses may cause a hemorrhagic diathesis and tissue necrosis through direct damage to vascular endothelial cells and platelets with impairment of the microcirculation, as well as cytopathic effects on parenchymal cells, with release of immunologic and inflammatory mediators.
		Arenaviridae, on the other hand, appear to mediate hemorrhage via the stimulation of inflammatory mediators by macro-phages, thrombocytopenia, and the inhibition of platelet aggregation.
		Ribavirin is a nucleoside analogue with activity against some Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae (including the viruses that cause Lassa fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) but not against Filoviridae or Flaviviridae.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/61/67291.htm (1239 words)

	CDC - Bear Canyon Virus: An Arenavirus Naturally Associated with the California Mouse (Peromyscus californicus)
		The discovery of Bear Canyon virus is the first unequivocal evidence that the virus family Arenaviridae is naturally associated with the rodent genus Peromyscus and that a Tacaribe serocomplex virus occurs in California.
		Previous studies of wild rodents in coastal southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura Counties) showed antibody to an arenavirus in dusky-footed and desert woodrats, a brush mouse, California mice, a cactus mouse, deer mice, and western harvest mice (3,9).
		The isolation of BCNV from California mice is the first unequivocal evidence that a Tacaribe complex virus occurs in California and that the virus family Arenaviridae is naturally associated with the rodent genus Peromyscus.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol8no7/01-0281.htm (2983 words)

	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis deaths from an Arenavirus infection
		Arenaviridae are RNA viruses whose particles are spherical and have an average diameter of 110-130 nanometers.
		Arenaviridae members are zoonotic, which means that in nature they are found in reservoir animal hosts.
		Its causative agent is LCMV, a member of the family Arenaviridae that was initially isolated in 1933.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mhunt/LCMV.htm (1225 words)

	Arena Virus
		The members of the family of viruses named Arenaviridae are the viruses that are associated with rodent transmitted disease in humans.
		The Arenaviridae are a family of viruses responsible for diseases such as hemorrhagic fevers.
		The first arenavirus was isolated in 1933 during a study of an epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis, causing aseptic (nonbacterial) meningitis.
	www.cvmvcd.org /information/diseases/arena.htm (514 words)

	arenaviruses
		The Arenaviridae are a group of viruses associated with rodent-transmitted disease in humans.
		The first arenavirus to cause hemorrhagic disease, the Junin virus, was isolated in 1958.
		The family Arenaviridae is broken into two groups: The Tacaribe Complex Viruses and The LCM/Lassa Complex Viruses.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~icund/arenaviruses.html (406 words)

	Clinical Overview, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Bioterrorism :: Anne Arundel County, Maryland :: Physician Information Link
		The viral agents that cause VHFs are taxonomically diverse; they are all ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses and are transmitted to humans through contact with infected animal reservoirs or arthropod vectors.
		Four virus families contribute pathogens to the group of VHF agents: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae.
		The Arenaviridae: The arenaviruses are classified into the Old World and New World groups.
	www.aahealth.org /physicianslink/bioterrorism_hemorrhagic_overview.asp (1285 words)

	CDC: SPB: Disease Information: Fact Sheets: Arenaviridae
		Although not the cause of the outbreak, LCMV was found to be a cause of aseptic (non-bacterial) meningitis.
		By the 1960s, several similar viruses had been discovered and they were classified into the new family Arenaviridae.
		Since Tacaribe virus was found in 1956, new arenaviruses have been discovered on the average of every one to three years.
	www.medhelp.org /NIHlib/GF-646.html (941 words)

	References
		Experimental infection of Neotoma albigula (Muridae) with Whitewater Arroyo virus (Arenaviridae).
		Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae) isolates from endemic and outlying localities in Venezuela: sequence comparisons among and within strains isolated from Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever patients and rodents.
		Extreme genetic diversity among Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) isolates from western Venezuela.
	www.medscape.com /content/2002/00/43/74/437405/437405_ref.html (419 words)

	eMedicine - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers : Article by Robert W Tolan, Jr, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Background: The 12 distinct enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that cause most of the cases of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) are members of 4 families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae.
		Internationally: Arenaviridae, including Guanarito (Venezuelan HF), Junin (Argentine HF), Machupo (Bolivian HF), Sabia (Brazilian HF), and Lassa viruses, are found throughout South America, particularly in the Argentine pampas, Bolivia, Venezuela, and rural Brazil near Sao Paulo.
		Arenaviridae are also found in West Africa (Lassa).
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2406.htm (3078 words)

	Natural rodent host associations of Guanarito and pirital viruses (Family Arenaviridae) in central Venezuela -- ...
		Natural rodent host associations of Guanarito and pirital viruses (Family Arenaviridae) in central Venezuela -- Fulhorst et al.
		The objective of this study was to elucidate the natural rodent host relationships of Guanarito and Pirital viruses (family Arenaviridae) in the plains of central Venezuela.
		Ninety-two arenavirus isolates from 607 animals, representing 10 different rodent species, were characterized to the level of serotype.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/abstract/61/2/325 (256 words)

	VITAE21-Microbiologia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Phylogenetic analysis of the Arenaviridae: patterns of virus evolution and evidence for co-speciation between arenaviruses and their rodent host.
		Allpahuayo virus: a newly recognized arenavirus (Arenaviridae) from arboreal rice rats (Oecomys bicolour and Oecomys paricola) in northeastern Peru.
		Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae) isolates from endemic and outlying localities in Venezuela sequence.
	caibco.ucv.ve /caibco/Caibco/Vitae/VitaeVeintiuno/Articulos/ConferenciaUno/ArchivosHTML/referencias.htm (1044 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers : Article by David C Pigott, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The 4 viral families known to cause VHF disease in humans include the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae.
		Arenaviridae are spread to humans by rodent contact and include Lassa virus in Africa and several rare South American hemorrhagic fevers such as Machupo, Junin, Guanarito, and Sabia.
		Lassa virus is the most clinically significant of the Arenaviridae, accounting for serious morbidity and mortality in West Africa.
	emedicine.com /emerg/topic887.htm (3572 words)

	eMedicine - Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers : Article by Nili N Alai, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of etiologically diverse viral diseases unified by common underlying pathophysiology.
		These febrile diseases result from infection by viruses from 4 viral families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae.
		Southern PJ: Arenaviridae: the viruses and their replication.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic880.htm (3004 words)

	pathology » administration » faculty » details
		Research in the Rodent-borne Virus Research Laboratory is focused on viruses that are naturally associated with rodents, bats and other small mammals and that cause severe disease in human beings.
		These viruses include members of the family Arenaviridae (agents of viral hemorrhagic fever and acute central nervous system disease) and members of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus (agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome).
		Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X, Fulhorst CF (2001) The Whitewater Arroyo virus: natural evidence for genetic recombination among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses (family Arenaviridae).
	www.utmb.edu /pathology/administration/faculty/details.asp?who=cfulhors (401 words)

	Arenavirus
		The family Arenaviridae derives its name from the presence within virons of ribosome-like particles, which in electron micrographs resemble grains of sand (arenosus = sandy) and are incorporated into virions during budding.
		Arenaviruses are pleomorphic, enveloped, - ss RNA, 4 helical segments and replicates in the cytoplasm.
		Serological assays such as SN, IFA and ELISA could be used.
	www.cvm.umn.edu /academics/course_web/current/Cvm6202V/virology/arena.htm (937 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Auperin, David D. “Construction and Evaluation of Recombinant Virus Vaccines for Lassa Fever.” Published in The Arenaviridae.
		Howard, Colin R. “Antigenic Diversity Among the Arenaviruses.” Published in The Arenaviridae.
		Solbrig, Marylou V. “Lassa Virus and Central Nervous System Diseases.” Published in The Arenaviridae.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/Immunology/Students/Spring2003/Sole/reflassa.htm (150 words)

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